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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2008-03-07
    Description: Mycorrhizal symbioses--the union of roots and soil fungi--are universal in terrestrial ecosystems and may have been fundamental to land colonization by plants. Boreal, temperate and montane forests all depend on ectomycorrhizae. Identification of the primary factors that regulate symbiotic development and metabolic activity will therefore open the door to understanding the role of ectomycorrhizae in plant development and physiology, allowing the full ecological significance of this symbiosis to be explored. Here we report the genome sequence of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor (Fig. 1) and highlight gene sets involved in rhizosphere colonization and symbiosis. This 65-megabase genome assembly contains approximately 20,000 predicted protein-encoding genes and a very large number of transposons and repeated sequences. We detected unexpected genomic features, most notably a battery of effector-type small secreted proteins (SSPs) with unknown function, several of which are only expressed in symbiotic tissues. The most highly expressed SSP accumulates in the proliferating hyphae colonizing the host root. The ectomycorrhizae-specific SSPs probably have a decisive role in the establishment of the symbiosis. The unexpected observation that the genome of L. bicolor lacks carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in degradation of plant cell walls, but maintains the ability to degrade non-plant cell wall polysaccharides, reveals the dual saprotrophic and biotrophic lifestyle of the mycorrhizal fungus that enables it to grow within both soil and living plant roots. The predicted gene inventory of the L. bicolor genome, therefore, points to previously unknown mechanisms of symbiosis operating in biotrophic mycorrhizal fungi. The availability of this genome provides an unparalleled opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of the processes by which symbionts interact with plants within their ecosystem to perform vital functions in the carbon and nitrogen cycles that are fundamental to sustainable plant productivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, F -- Aerts, A -- Ahren, D -- Brun, A -- Danchin, E G J -- Duchaussoy, F -- Gibon, J -- Kohler, A -- Lindquist, E -- Pereda, V -- Salamov, A -- Shapiro, H J -- Wuyts, J -- Blaudez, D -- Buee, M -- Brokstein, P -- Canback, B -- Cohen, D -- Courty, P E -- Coutinho, P M -- Delaruelle, C -- Detter, J C -- Deveau, A -- DiFazio, S -- Duplessis, S -- Fraissinet-Tachet, L -- Lucic, E -- Frey-Klett, P -- Fourrey, C -- Feussner, I -- Gay, G -- Grimwood, J -- Hoegger, P J -- Jain, P -- Kilaru, S -- Labbe, J -- Lin, Y C -- Legue, V -- Le Tacon, F -- Marmeisse, R -- Melayah, D -- Montanini, B -- Muratet, M -- Nehls, U -- Niculita-Hirzel, H -- Oudot-Le Secq, M P -- Peter, M -- Quesneville, H -- Rajashekar, B -- Reich, M -- Rouhier, N -- Schmutz, J -- Yin, T -- Chalot, M -- Henrissat, B -- Kues, U -- Lucas, S -- Van de Peer, Y -- Podila, G K -- Polle, A -- Pukkila, P J -- Richardson, P M -- Rouze, P -- Sanders, I R -- Stajich, J E -- Tunlid, A -- Tuskan, G -- Grigoriev, I V -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 6;452(7183):88-92. doi: 10.1038/nature06556.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UMR 1136, INRA-Nancy Universite, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France. fmartin@nancy.inra.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18322534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abies/microbiology/physiology ; Basidiomycota/enzymology/*genetics/*physiology ; Fungal Proteins/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Fungal/genetics ; Genome, Fungal/*genetics ; Hyphae/genetics/metabolism ; Mycorrhizae/enzymology/*genetics/*physiology ; Plant Roots/*microbiology/physiology ; Symbiosis/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005-04-23
    Description: The species complexity of microbial communities and challenges in culturing representative isolates make it difficult to obtain assembled genomes. Here we characterize and compare the metabolic capabilities of terrestrial and marine microbial communities using largely unassembled sequence data obtained by shotgun sequencing DNA isolated from the various environments. Quantitative gene content analysis reveals habitat-specific fingerprints that reflect known characteristics of the sampled environments. The identification of environment-specific genes through a gene-centric comparative analysis presents new opportunities for interpreting and diagnosing environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tringe, Susannah Green -- von Mering, Christian -- Kobayashi, Arthur -- Salamov, Asaf A -- Chen, Kevin -- Chang, Hwai W -- Podar, Mircea -- Short, Jay M -- Mathur, Eric J -- Detter, John C -- Bork, Peer -- Hugenholtz, Philip -- Rubin, Edward M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 22;308(5721):554-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15845853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaea/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Bacteria/classification/*genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Biodiversity ; Biofilms ; Bone and Bones/microbiology ; Computational Biology ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Gene Library ; Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genome ; Genome, Bacterial ; *Genomics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Operon ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Proteome ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Soil Microbiology ; Whales/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: Diatoms are unicellular algae with plastids acquired by secondary endosymbiosis. They are responsible for approximately 20% of global carbon fixation. We report the 34 million-base pair draft nuclear genome of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and its 129 thousand-base pair plastid and 44 thousand-base pair mitochondrial genomes. Sequence and optical restriction mapping revealed 24 diploid nuclear chromosomes. We identified novel genes for silicic acid transport and formation of silica-based cell walls, high-affinity iron uptake, biosynthetic enzymes for several types of polyunsaturated fatty acids, use of a range of nitrogenous compounds, and a complete urea cycle, all attributes that allow diatoms to prosper in aquatic environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armbrust, E Virginia -- Berges, John A -- Bowler, Chris -- Green, Beverley R -- Martinez, Diego -- Putnam, Nicholas H -- Zhou, Shiguo -- Allen, Andrew E -- Apt, Kirk E -- Bechner, Michael -- Brzezinski, Mark A -- Chaal, Balbir K -- Chiovitti, Anthony -- Davis, Aubrey K -- Demarest, Mark S -- Detter, J Chris -- Glavina, Tijana -- Goodstein, David -- Hadi, Masood Z -- Hellsten, Uffe -- Hildebrand, Mark -- Jenkins, Bethany D -- Jurka, Jerzy -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Kroger, Nils -- Lau, Winnie W Y -- Lane, Todd W -- Larimer, Frank W -- Lippmeier, J Casey -- Lucas, Susan -- Medina, Monica -- Montsant, Anton -- Obornik, Miroslav -- Parker, Micaela Schnitzler -- Palenik, Brian -- Pazour, Gregory J -- Richardson, Paul M -- Rynearson, Tatiana A -- Saito, Mak A -- Schwartz, David C -- Thamatrakoln, Kimberlee -- Valentin, Klaus -- Vardi, Assaf -- Wilkerson, Frances P -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):79-86.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. armbrust@ocean.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Algal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Chromosomes ; DNA/genetics ; Diatoms/chemistry/cytology/*genetics/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; *Genome ; Iron/metabolism ; Light ; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plastids/genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Silicic Acid/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Urea/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: We describe the draft genome of the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex, which is only 200 megabases and contains at least 30,907 genes. The high gene count is a consequence of an elevated rate of gene duplication resulting in tandem gene clusters. More than a third of Daphnia's genes have no detectable homologs in any other available proteome, and the most amplified gene families are specific to the Daphnia lineage. The coexpansion of gene families interacting within metabolic pathways suggests that the maintenance of duplicated genes is not random, and the analysis of gene expression under different environmental conditions reveals that numerous paralogs acquire divergent expression patterns soon after duplication. Daphnia-specific genes, including many additional loci within sequenced regions that are otherwise devoid of annotations, are the most responsive genes to ecological challenges.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3529199/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3529199/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colbourne, John K -- Pfrender, Michael E -- Gilbert, Donald -- Thomas, W Kelley -- Tucker, Abraham -- Oakley, Todd H -- Tokishita, Shinichi -- Aerts, Andrea -- Arnold, Georg J -- Basu, Malay Kumar -- Bauer, Darren J -- Caceres, Carla E -- Carmel, Liran -- Casola, Claudio -- Choi, Jeong-Hyeon -- Detter, John C -- Dong, Qunfeng -- Dusheyko, Serge -- Eads, Brian D -- Frohlich, Thomas -- Geiler-Samerotte, Kerry A -- Gerlach, Daniel -- Hatcher, Phil -- Jogdeo, Sanjuro -- Krijgsveld, Jeroen -- Kriventseva, Evgenia V -- Kultz, Dietmar -- Laforsch, Christian -- Lindquist, Erika -- Lopez, Jacqueline -- Manak, J Robert -- Muller, Jean -- Pangilinan, Jasmyn -- Patwardhan, Rupali P -- Pitluck, Samuel -- Pritham, Ellen J -- Rechtsteiner, Andreas -- Rho, Mina -- Rogozin, Igor B -- Sakarya, Onur -- Salamov, Asaf -- Schaack, Sarah -- Shapiro, Harris -- Shiga, Yasuhiro -- Skalitzky, Courtney -- Smith, Zachary -- Souvorov, Alexander -- Sung, Way -- Tang, Zuojian -- Tsuchiya, Dai -- Tu, Hank -- Vos, Harmjan -- Wang, Mei -- Wolf, Yuri I -- Yamagata, Hideo -- Yamada, Takuji -- Ye, Yuzhen -- Shaw, Joseph R -- Andrews, Justen -- Crease, Teresa J -- Tang, Haixu -- Lucas, Susan M -- Robertson, Hugh M -- Bork, Peer -- Koonin, Eugene V -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Lynch, Michael -- Boore, Jeffrey L -- P42 ES004699/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES004699-25/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES004699/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES019324/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM078274/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM078274-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24GM07827401/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):555-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1197761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, 915 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. jcolbour@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Daphnia/*genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Conversion ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Duplicate ; *Genome ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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