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  • 1
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    Measurements of energetic particle radiation in transit to Mars on the Mars Science Laboratory (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-01
    Description: The Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft, containing the Curiosity rover, was launched to Mars on 26 November 2011, and for most of the 253-day, 560-million-kilometer cruise to Mars, the Radiation Assessment Detector made detailed measurements of the energetic particle radiation environment inside the spacecraft. These data provide insights into the radiation hazards that would be associated with a human mission to Mars. We report measurements of the radiation dose, dose equivalent, and linear energy transfer spectra. The dose equivalent for even the shortest round-trip with current propulsion systems and comparable shielding is found to be 0.66 +/- 0.12 sievert.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zeitlin, C -- Hassler, D M -- Cucinotta, F A -- Ehresmann, B -- Wimmer-Schweingruber, R F -- Brinza, D E -- Kang, S -- Weigle, G -- Bottcher, S -- Bohm, E -- Burmeister, S -- Guo, J -- Kohler, J -- Martin, C -- Posner, A -- Rafkin, S -- Reitz, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 31;340(6136):1080-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1235989.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA. zeitlin@boulder.swri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23723233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cosmic Radiation ; Humans ; *Mars ; *Radiation Dosage ; *Space Flight
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    In situ radiometric and exposure age dating of the martian surface (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-11
    Description: We determined radiogenic and cosmogenic noble gases in a mudstone on the floor of Gale Crater. A K-Ar age of 4.21 +/- 0.35 billion years represents a mixture of detrital and authigenic components and confirms the expected antiquity of rocks comprising the crater rim. Cosmic-ray-produced (3)He, (21)Ne, and (36)Ar yield concordant surface exposure ages of 78 +/- 30 million years. Surface exposure occurred mainly in the present geomorphic setting rather than during primary erosion and transport. Our observations are consistent with mudstone deposition shortly after the Gale impact or possibly in a later event of rapid erosion and deposition. The mudstone remained buried until recent exposure by wind-driven scarp retreat. Sedimentary rocks exposed by this mechanism may thus offer the best potential for organic biomarker preservation against destruction by cosmic radiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farley, K A -- Malespin, C -- Mahaffy, P -- Grotzinger, J P -- Vasconcelos, P M -- Milliken, R E -- Malin, M -- Edgett, K S -- Pavlov, A A -- Hurowitz, J A -- Grant, J A -- Miller, H B -- Arvidson, R -- Beegle, L -- Calef, F -- Conrad, P G -- Dietrich, W E -- Eigenbrode, J -- Gellert, R -- Gupta, S -- Hamilton, V -- Hassler, D M -- Lewis, K W -- McLennan, S M -- Ming, D -- Navarro-Gonzalez, R -- Schwenzer, S P -- Steele, A -- Stolper, E M -- Sumner, D Y -- Vaniman, D -- Vasavada, A -- Williford, K -- Wimmer-Schweingruber, R F -- MSL Science Team -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):1247166. doi: 10.1126/science.1247166. Epub 2013 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24324273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomarkers/analysis/chemistry ; *Cosmic Radiation ; *Evolution, Planetary ; *Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment/*chemistry ; Geologic Sediments ; Isotopes/analysis/chemistry ; *Mars ; Noble Gases/*analysis ; Organic Chemicals/analysis/chemistry ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiometric Dating ; Surface Properties
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Mars' surface radiation environment measured with the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-11
    Description: The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover began making detailed measurements of the cosmic ray and energetic particle radiation environment on the surface of Mars on 7 August 2012. We report and discuss measurements of the absorbed dose and dose equivalent from galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles on the martian surface for ~300 days of observations during the current solar maximum. These measurements provide insight into the radiation hazards associated with a human mission to the surface of Mars and provide an anchor point with which to model the subsurface radiation environment, with implications for microbial survival times of any possible extant or past life, as well as for the preservation of potential organic biosignatures of the ancient martian environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hassler, Donald M -- Zeitlin, Cary -- Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F -- Ehresmann, Bent -- Rafkin, Scot -- Eigenbrode, Jennifer L -- Brinza, David E -- Weigle, Gerald -- Bottcher, Stephan -- Bohm, Eckart -- Burmeister, Soenke -- Guo, Jingnan -- Kohler, Jan -- Martin, Cesar -- Reitz, Guenther -- Cucinotta, Francis A -- Kim, Myung-Hee -- Grinspoon, David -- Bullock, Mark A -- Posner, Arik -- Gomez-Elvira, Javier -- Vasavada, Ashwin -- Grotzinger, John P -- MSL Science Team -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):1244797. doi: 10.1126/science.1244797. Epub 2013 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24324275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cosmic Radiation ; Deinococcus/physiology/radiation effects ; *Exobiology ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; Humans ; *Mars ; Organic Chemicals/analysis ; Radiation Dosage ; Space Flight ; Surface Properties/radiation effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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