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  • American Geophysical Union  (4)
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (3)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • Berlin: Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • 2005-2009  (7)
  • 1980-1984  (1)
Collection
Keywords
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonism as a possible therapy for alcoholism (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: Alcohol dependence is a major public health challenge in need of new treatments. As alcoholism evolves, stress systems in the brain play an increasing role in motivating continued alcohol use and relapse. We investigated the role of the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), a mediator of behavioral stress responses, in alcohol dependence and treatment. In preclinical studies, mice genetically deficient in NK1R showed a marked decrease in voluntary alcohol consumption and had an increased sensitivity to the sedative effects of alcohol. In a randomized controlled experimental study, we treated recently detoxified alcoholic inpatients with an NK1R antagonist (LY686017; n = 25) or placebo (n = 25). LY686017 suppressed spontaneous alcohol cravings, improved overall well-being, blunted cravings induced by a challenge procedure, and attenuated concomitant cortisol responses. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to affective stimuli likewise suggested beneficial LY686017 effects. Thus, as assessed by these surrogate markers of efficacy, NK1R antagonism warrants further investigation as a treatment in alcoholism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉George, David T -- Gilman, Jodi -- Hersh, Jacqueline -- Thorsell, Annika -- Herion, David -- Geyer, Christopher -- Peng, Xiaomei -- Kielbasa, William -- Rawlings, Robert -- Brandt, John E -- Gehlert, Donald R -- Tauscher, Johannes T -- Hunt, Stephen P -- Hommer, Daniel -- Heilig, Markus -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 14;319(5869):1536-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1153813. Epub 2008 Feb 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Alcohol Drinking/drug therapy ; Alcoholism/*drug therapy ; Animals ; Behavior, Addictive/drug therapy ; Brain/drug effects/physiology ; Emotions/drug effects ; Ethanol/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; *Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ; Pyridines/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/deficiency/genetics/*physiology ; Triazoles/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Sill processes related to deep water renewal in a fjord (1982)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 3
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    Tidal and spring-neap variations in horizontal dispersion in a partially mixed estuary (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-18
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 4
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    Observations of highly regular oscillations in the overflow plume downstream of the Faroe Bank Channel (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 5
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    Stress, salt flux, and dynamics of a partially mixed estuary (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: A field study was performed in the lower Hudson River, a partially mixed estuary with a relatively simple geometry (Figure 1), between August and October of 1995. The objectives of the study were (1) to quantify and characterize the turbulent transport of momentum and salt, and (2) to relate the turbulent transport processes to the local and estuary-wide dynamics. The measurement program consisted of fixed and shipboard components. At a central site, a moored array of temperature-conductivity sensors and optical backscatter sensors (OBS), a bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), and a bottom-mounted array of acoustic travel-time current sensors (BASS), temperature-conductivity sensors, and OBS sensors resolved the vertical structure of velocity, salinity and turbidity and the near-bottom turbulence structure. Moored and bottom-mounted velocity, temperature, conductivity and pressure sensors at five secondary sites quantified the spatial and temporal variabilty of velocity, salinity and bottom pressure. Shipboard measurements with an ADCP and a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiler, accompanied by an OBS sensor, resolved the spatial structure and tidal variability of velocity, salinity and turbidity along several cross-channel and along-channel transects. This report describes the measurements in detail. Section II describes the instrumentation, Section III describes the deployment and sampling schemes, Section IV describes the data processing, and Section V is a summary of plots of selected data. Section VI documents the data files and Sections VII and VII give acknowledgments and references.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE-94-15617 and The Hudson River Foundation.
    Keywords: Stress ; Salt flux ; Mixed estuary
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 9092431 bytes
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  • 6
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    Numerical modeling of an estuary : a comprehensive skill assessment (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (2005): C05001, doi:10.1029/2004JC002691.
    Description: Numerical simulations of the Hudson River estuary using a terrain-following, three-dimensional model (Regional Ocean Modeling System, ROMS) are compared with an extensive set of timeseries and spatially resolved measurements over a 43-day period with large variations in tidal forcing and river discharge. The model is particularly effective at reproducing the observed temporal variations in both the salinity and current structure, including tidal, spring-neap, and river discharge induced variability. Large observed variations in stratification between neap and spring tides are captured qualitatively and quantitatively by the model. The observed structure and variations of the longitudinal salinity gradient are also well reproduced. The most notable discrepancy between the model and the data is in the vertical salinity structure. While the surface-to-bottom salinity difference is well reproduced, the stratification in the model tends to extend all the way to the water surface, whereas the observations indicate a distinct pycnocline and a surface mixed layer. Because the southern boundary condition is located near the mouth the estuary, the salinity within the domain is particularly sensitive to the specification of salinity at the boundary. A boundary condition for the horizontal salinity gradient, based on the local value of salinity, is developed to incorporate physical processes beyond the open boundary not resolved by the model. Model results are sensitive to the specification of the bottom roughness length and vertical stability functions, insofar as they influence the intensity of vertical mixing. The results only varied slightly between different turbulence closure methods of k-ε, k-ω, and k-kl.
    Description: We gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Post-doctoral Research Program for support of J. C. Warner. J. A. Lerczak and W. R. Geyer were supported by the Hudson River Foundation.
    Keywords: Estuary ; Model skill assessment ; Hudson River
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 7
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    Hydrodynamic baseline measurements in New Bedford Harbor (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Thls report includes a compilation of hydrodynamic data obtained in New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts (Figue 1-1), for the purpose of providing baseline information for the selection of an outfall site for a seondary sewage treatment plant for the city of New Bedford. The observations were conducted by scientists at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, commencing in August, 1987 and continuing though March, 1988. They included moored and shipboard measurements of fluid velocity, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity. The measurement program was designated as the "New Bedford Circulation Study", or NBCS. The study indicates that there are a variety of mechanisms responsible for the transport and exchange of water-masses, of which tidal currents are the most energetic, but wind-driven flows are likely the most effective at renewing the water within the Harbor. Estimates of residence times indicate minimum residence times of less than 2 days during periods of strong winds, and maximum residence times of 4 days or more in periods of weak to moderate south winds. Vertical stratificaton is weak in the winter and moderate in the summer, and it has a notable influence on vertical mixing and on the magnitude of shear currents.
    Description: Funding was provided by Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc. under agreement effective 24 August 1987.
    Keywords: New Bedford Harbor ; Hydrodynamics ; Physical Oceanography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 5207444 bytes
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  • 8
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    A multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf SEDiment Study (AmasSeds) : physical oceanography moored array component (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: A Multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf SEDiment Study (AmasSeds) is a cooperative research program by geological, chemical, physical, and biological oceanographers from Brazil and the United States to study sedimentary processes occurring over the continental shelf near the mouth of the Amazon River. The physical oceanography component of AmasSeds included a moored array deployed on the continental shelf approximately 300km northwest of the Amazon River mouth near 3.5°N. The moored array consisted of a cross-shelf transect of three mooring sites located on the 18-m, 65-m, and 103-m isobaths. The moored array was deployed for approximately 4 months, from early February, 1990 to mid-June, 1990, obtaining time series measurements of current, temperature, conductivity, and wind. This report describes the physical oceanography moored array component and provides a statistical and graphical summary of the moored observations.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through Grant Nos. OCE 88-12917 and OCE 91-15712.
    Keywords: Moored oceanographic observations ; AmasSeds (A Multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf SEDiment Study) ; Columbus Iselin (Ship) Cruise AmasSeds 2 ; Columbus Iselin (Ship) Cruise AmasSeds 3
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 5362313 bytes
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