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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,249)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of microbial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) recover using dispersions of sodium hypochlorite solution and chloroform (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 256-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ; PHB recovery ; sodium hypochlorite ; chloroform ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Optimization was carried out for the recovery of microbiol poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) from Alcaligenes eutrophus. This process involved the use of a dispersion made of sodium hypochlorite solution and chloroform. The dispersion enabled us to take advantage of both differential digestion by hypochlorite and solvent extraction by chloroform. The PHB recovery (%) from cell powder was maximized using a 30% hypochlorite concentration, a 90-min treatment time, and a 1:1 (v/v) chloroform-to-aqueous-phase ratio. Under these optimal conditions, the recovery was about 91% and the purity of recovered PHB was higher than 97%. The number average molecular weight, Mn of recovered PHB was about 300,000 and the weight average molecular weight Mw was about 1,020,000, compared to the original Mn of 530,000 and Mw of 1,272,000. The moderate decrease in both Mn and Mw might be ascribed to the shielding effect of chloroform. In addition, the relatively small decrease in Mw probably resulted from the loss of short PHB chains which might be water soluble. The crystallinity of recovered PHB was in the range of 60 to 65%although a slightly higher crystallinity was observed when the dispersion was used. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440215
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by high cell density fed-batch culture of Alcaligenes eutrophus with phospate limitation (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 55 (1997), S. 28-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Alcaligenes eutrophus ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ; fed-batch fermentation ; phosphate limitation ; dissolved oxygen concentration ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: High cell density fed-batch fermentation of Alcaligenes eutrophus was carried out for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) in a 60-L fermentor. During the fermentation, pH was controlled with NH4OH solution and PHB accumulation was induced by phosphate limitation instead of nitrogen limitation. The glucose feeding was controlled by monitoring dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and glucose concentration in the culture broth. The glucose concentration fluctuated within the range of 0-20 g/L. We have investigated the effect of initial phosphate concentration on the PHB production when the initial volume was fixed. Using an initial phosphate concentration of 5.5 g/L, the fed-batch fermentation resulted in a final cell concentration of 281 g/L, a PHB concentration of 232 g/L, and a PHB productivity of 3.14 g/L · h, which are the highest values ever reported to date. In this case, PHB content, cell yield from glucose, and PHB yield from glucose were 80, 0.46, and 0.38% (w/w), respectively. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 28-32, 1997.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) by fed-batch culture of Alcaligenes eutrophus with glucose concentration control (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 892-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) ; high cell density culture ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; on-line glucose analyzer ; mass spectrometer ; fed-batch culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Alcaligenes eutrophus NCIMB 11599 was cultivated to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) from glucose by the automatic fed-batch culture technique. The glucose concentration of the culture broth was controlled at 10 to 20 g/L by two methods: using exit gas data obtained from a mass spectrometer and using an on-line glucose analyzer. The effect of ammonium limitation on PHB synthesis at different culture phases was studied. The final cell concentration, PHB concentration, and PHB productivity increased as ammonia feeding was stopped at a higher cell concentration. High concentrations of PHB (121 g/L) and total cells (164 g/L) were obtained in 50 h when ammonia feeding was stopped at the cell concentration of 70 g/L. The maximum PHB content reached 76% of dry cell weight and the productivity was 2.42 g/L h with the yield of 0.3 g PHB/g glucose.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260430908
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Batch phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis and its fusant (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 60 (1998), S. 391-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: phenol ; Candida tropicalis ; oxygen uptake ; inhibition ; fusion ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Phenol degradation by Candida tropicalis and its fusant, which is produced using protoplast fusion as a selective technique, is evaluated under batch and high concentration conditions. The respirometric data show that oxygen uptake activities of both yeast strains peak at pH 7.0 and 32°C, but the fusant is more active than the control strain. Although the data show that both yeast strains are capable of sustaining discernible degradation in the presence of phenol inhibition, however, the C. tropicalis fusant is capable of attaining better phenol degradation than the control strain and it is less susceptible to phenol inhibition. Under the conditions tested, C. tropicalis is completely inhibited at phenol concentrations ≥3,300 mg/L, whereas for the C. tropicalis fusant complete inhibition is absent until phenol concentrations are ≥4,000 mg/L. The observed cell yields of both yeast strains are virtually identical and remain fairly constant at approximately 0.5 mg MLVSS/mg C6H5OH (MLVSS: mixed liquor volatile suspended solids). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 391-395, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of ethanol fermentations in membrane cell recycle fermentors (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 1105-1112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ethanol fermentation by yeast was carried out in a cell filtration recycle system with a hollow-fiber membrane filter. Maximum biomass concentrations up to 210 g dry wt/L were obtained, but in normal operation concentrations they were between 100 and 150 g/L. The ethanol productivity using 14% glucose feed was 85 g/L h, with an ethanol concentration of 65 g/L and an ethanol yield of over 90%. The ethanol productivity and yeast growth rate decreased as the cell concentration increased beyond a certain level. The cell mass in the reactor was maintained by a proper manipulation of diluticn rate and bleed ratio depending on the growth rate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290910
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive control of dissolved oxygen concentration in a bioreactor (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 597-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new adaptive DO (dissolved oxygen) concentration control algorithm considering DO electrode dynamics with response time delay has been developed. A system model with two time-varying parameters was used to relate the DO concentration with two control variables: air flow rate and agitation speed. Parameters of this model were estimated on-line using a regularized constant trace recursive least-squares method. An extended Kalman filter was used to remove the effect of noises from the DO concentration measurements and thus to improve control performance. A discrete one-step ahead control scheme was adopted to determine control actions based on the parameter estimation results. Experimental results showed that the new adaptive DO concentration control algorithm performed better than other algorithms tested, a PID controller and adaptive algorithms without the DO electrode dynamics.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370702
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactive vortex shedding from a pair of circular cylinders in a transverse arrangement (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 317-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: FEM-FDM blending technique ; Multiply connected domain ; Pair of circular cylinders ; Symmetric, antisymmetric and asymmetric vortices ; Bistable nature ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Interactive vortex shedding in the multiply connected domain formed by a pair of circular cylinders is analysed by the FEM-FDM blending technique. The vorticity-streamfunction formulation is used to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations at Re = 100, with the time-dependent wall streamfunctions determined from the pressure constraint condition and the far-field streamfunctions from the integral series formula developed earlier by the authors. The standard Galerkin finite element method is used in the relatively small FEM subdomain and the finite difference method based on the general co-ordinate system in the rest of the flow domain. Symmetric, antisymmetric and asymmetric wake patterns are obtained confirming the earlier experimental findings. The bistable nature of the asymmetric vortex shedding as well as the intermittent drifting from one status to the other between symmetric and antisymmetric wake patterns are reported.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650110305
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hygrothermal behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) and poly(phenylene sulfide) composites. I (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 13 (1992), S. 448-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The hygrothermal behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) composites subjected to moisture and temperature is investigated in this study. The properties of both composites exposed to temperature/humidity and immersed in water for extended periods are studied. Properties studied include moisture sorption, crystallinity, dynamic mechanical response, tensile strength, and flexural strength. Both the PEEK/C.F. and the PPS/C.F. composites exhibit good moisture/temperature resistance and property retention after hygrothermal exposure. The diffusivities and the equilibrium moisture absorption are measured at 60, 70, 80°C with 85% R.H. (relative humidity). A Fickian type diffusion is observed at all exposures. Crystallinity increase of the composites is found for the PPS/C.F. composites exposed to 80°C with 85% R.H. environment and is correlated with the damping properties in the dynamic mechanical study. However, the hygrothermal effect on the crystallinity and the glass transition temperature of the PEEK/C.F. composites is negligible. Mechanical properties of the PEEK/C.F. composites decrease slightly with the increase of temperature/moisture and exposure period. Mechanical property reductions of the PPS/C.F. composites decrease with the increase in exposure temperature when subjected to a similar environment; this is due to the relatively complete molecular relaxation and additional crystallization at higher temperatures.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750130608
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of rat liver glutathione S-transferase Yb subunits by partial N-terminal sequencing after electroblotting of proteins onto a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane from an analytical isoelectric focusing gel (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 11 (1990), S. 589-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rat liver glutathione S-transferases were partially purified using S-hexyl glutathione affinity chromatography, followed by native isoelectric focusing employing a pH 7-11 or pH 3-10 gradient. Proteins were excised and eluted from the gel for determination of subunit composition using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In separate experiments, isoelectric focusing gels were equilibrated with a sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing buffer at high pH, and proteins on the gel were electroblotted onto a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, utilizing graphite plates as electrodes. The membrane-bound proteins were visualized by Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. The protein bands were then excised from the membrane and inserted into a gas phase sequenator for direct sequencing. N-Terminal sequences thus determined were compared with published cDNA sequences. The isoelectric points (pIs) and positions on the isoelectric focusing gel of Yb1 Yb1, Yb1 Yb2 and Yb2 Yb2 subunits were determined. We have also located on the pH 3-10 focusing gel an N-terminal blocked glutathione S-transferase which has a molecular weight similar to Yb subunits.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150110710
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma-initiated polymerization of sodium sulfohexyl methacrylate (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 21 (1983), S. 335-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.130210504
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