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  • American Institute of Physics  (34)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (15)
  • 1995-1999  (41)
  • 1965-1969  (8)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A modeling study of anaerobic biofilm systems: II. Reactor modeling (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 54-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): anaerobic biofilm ; CSTR ; reactors, nonide ; pH ; plug-flow reactors ; biofilm modeling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A rigorous steady-state model of anaerobic biofilm reactors taking into account acid-base and gas-phase equilibria in the reactor in conjunction with detailed chemical equilibria and mass transfer in acetate-utilizing methanogenic biofilms is presented. The performances of ideal completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) and plug-flow reactors, as well as reactors with nonideal hydraulic conditions, are simulated. Decreasing the surface loading rate increases the acetate removal efficiency, while decreasing the influent pH and increasing the buffering capacity improves the removal efficiency only if the bulk pH of the reactor shifts toward more optimal values between 6.8 to 7.0. The reactor can have negative or positive removal efficiencies depending on the start-up conditions. The respiration coefficient plays a critical role in determining the minimum influent pH required for reactor recovery after failure. Having multiple CSTRs-in-series generally increases the overall removal efficiency for the influent conditions investigated. Monitoring of the influent feed quality is critical for plug-flow reactors, becasue failure of the initial sections of the reactor may cause a cascading effect that may lead to a rapid reactor failure. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460108
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A modeling study of anaerobic biofilm systems: I. Detailed biofilm modeling (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 43-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): acetate ; anaerobic biofilms ; mass transfer ; pH ; biofilm modeling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A detailed model acetate-utilizing methanogenic biofilms accounting for the diffusion of neutral and ionic species, chemical equilibrium, electroneutrality, gas production within the biofilm, pH-dependent Monod kinetics, and the presence of a concentration boundary layer is presented. The model qualitatively fits the pH profiles that are reported for acetate-utilizing methanogenic aggregates. A sensitivity analysis on the biological parameters showed that the flux of acetate is sensitive to the maximum utilization rate, half-saturation constant, and biofilm density for the bulk conditions investigated. Criteria when traditional biofilm models can be used to predict the flux of acetate into the biofilm are established. If the maximum pH change predicted using a hypothetical system is within ±0.05, the traditional model predicts the flux to within ±5% of the value calculated with the model developed in this study. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460107
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas treatment in trickle-bed biofilters: Biomass, how much is enough? (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 54 (1997), S. 583-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): trickle-bed biofilter ; mathematical model ; volatile organic compound (VOC) ; waste gas treatment ; biofiltration ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The objective of this article is to define and validate a mathematical model that desribes the physical and biological processes occurring in a trickle-bed air biofilter for waste gas treatment. This model considers a two-phase system, quasi-steady-state processes, uniform bacterial population, and one limiting substrate. The variation of the specific surface area with bacterial growth is included in the model, and its effect on the biofilter performance is analyzed. This analysis leads to the conclusion that excessive accumulation of biomass in the reactor has a negative effect on contaminant removal efficiency. To solve this problem, excess biomass is removed via full media fluidization and backwashing of the biofilter. The backwashing technique is also incorporated in the model as a process variable. Experimental data from the biodegradation of toluene in a pilot system with four packed-bed reactors are used to validate the model. Once the model is calibrated with the estimation of the unknown parameters of the system, it is used to simulate the biofilter performance for different operating conditions. Model predictions are found to be in agreement with experimental data. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 54: 583-594, 1997.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thiophosphoryl disulfides: Novel coupling agents for styrene-butadiene rubber/carboxylated nitrile rubber blends (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 981-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Thiophosphoryl disulfide was successfully used as a novel coupling agent to form a coherent blend comprising polar carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and nonpolar styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) establishing close proximity between them through chemical bridging. The study reveals that XNBR in the presence of thiophosphoryl disulfide greatly improves the physical properties of SBR and thus acts as a reinforcing filler. It is noted that the physical properties of the vulcanizates obtained from the SBR-XNBR blend depend upon the SBR : XNBR ratio and the mode of cure. SEM studies corroborate the observed facts. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580604
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ferric chloride-initiated polymerization of pyrrole in presence of N-vinyl carbazole in aqueous suspension (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polymer anchored metal complexes. IV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of a polycondensate from Cu(II) 1, 10 phenanthroline and pyromellitic dianhydride (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 719-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polymer-anchored metal complexes. III. Preparation, structural, thermal stability, dielectric, and conductivity characterization of polycondensates from Cu(II)-1, 10-phenanthroline and trimellitic anhydride/pryromellitic dianhydride (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 501-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Trimellitic anhydride and pyromellitic dianhydride have been polycondensed with Cu(II)-phenanthroline complex as a comonomer in the presence of anhydrous ZnCl2 under selective conditions. Elemental diffuse reflectance and infrared spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis data of these polymers have been correlated with the tentative structure Proposed for these polycondensates. Thermal stability and dielectric and conductivity characteristics of these polycondensates have been evaluated to understand the effect of the ligand and the anhydride moieties on these properties. Unlike the polymer-anchored 3d-metal complexes, these polycondensates fail to initiate the cationic polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070560412
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cure synergism in XNBR vulcanization in presence of thiophosphoryl disulfides and amine disulfide/thiazole accelerators (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 1349-1359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The study deals with the vulcanization of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) having synergistic combinations of accelerators comprising thiophosphoryl disulfide as one of the components. Other constituent accelerators employed in the present investigation are 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), bis(N-oxydiethylene)disulfide (ODDS), N-oxydiethylene 2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (OBTS), etc. The binary combinations of thiophosphoryl disulfides with OBTS exhibited the highest mutual activity in the respective areas, so far as the physical properties are concerned. Structural characterization of different thiophosphoryl disulfide-accelerated XNBR vulcanizates, including those formed from the synergistic combinations with OBTS, were studied using a methyl iodide probe. It was found that the amount of sulfidic crosslinks arising from the reaction between —COOH groups of XNBR and thiophosphoryl disulfides, actually controls the network structure as wellas the physical properties of the vulcanizates. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrasonic degradation of macromolecules in solution. Study of degradation kinetics by estimation of free-radical scavenger DPPH and solution viscosity measurementsProd. No. 1357 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1089-1098 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The kinetics of degradation of butyl rubber in two solvents, cyclohexane and toluene, was studied by two independent techniques: viscosity measurements and free-radical estimation as a function of DPPH consumed. The general shape of the rate curves in the two cases is similar, but not identical. The rate given by estimation of DPPH is faster than that obtained from solution viscosity data. This has been attributed to the inherent limitations of the two methods for the quantitative determination of the number of breaks occurring in the polymer molecules. The rate is also reduced as the viscosity of the solution medium is increased, which may be correlated with the reduction of the cavitation effect responsible for degradation. The degradation rates in two solvent media initially having the same viscosity were unequal. This may be due to different solvent-solute characteristics, which means that the viscosity and cavitation change to different extents in the two cases throughout the course of degradation. The limiting degree of Polymerization (DP)∞ obtained after prolonged irradiation has been found to be dependent on parameters such as intensity of irradiation, solution viscosity, and initial DP of the molecules.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100801
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A numerical study on flow through the spiral casing of a hydraulic turbine (1998)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 28 (1998), S. 143-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): turbine ; spiral casing ; finite element method ; Galerkin weighted residual technique ; Gauss-Legendre quadrature ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Flow through the spiral casing of a hydraulic turbine was analyzed. Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations were solved using a finite element method. The physical domain was divided into a number of hexahedral elements which are isoparametrically mapped onto standard cubic elements. Numerical integration for the unsteady momentum equation is performed over such hexahedral elements to obtain a provisional velocity field. Compliance with the mass conservation equation and determination of the pressure correction are accomplished through an iterative procedure. The velocity distribution inside the spiral casing corroborates the results available in literature. The static pressure at the midplane generally decreases from the outside wall towards the exit of the spiral casing. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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