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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 119 (1921), S. 292-298 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2217-2237 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,2-Photoadditions of Stilbenes and Diarylacetylenes to Bicyclic 1,4-Cyclohexadienes: Propellanes and Substitutive 1,2-AdductsThe photoreactions of stilbene, 4,4′-dichloro-, 4,4′-dicyano-, 4,4′-dimethoxystilbene, diphenylacetylene, and bis(4-cyanophenyl)acetylene with 2,3,4,7-tetrahydroindene and 1,4,5,8-tetrahydronaphthalene have been investigated. Despite severe steric hindrance and because of electrostatic support the propellanes 3, 12, 23, 26 are formed as the major [2 +2]-cycloadducts. The products of dehydrogenation 41, 44, 45 and hydrogenation 29 are obtained from them. Further major products of the photolyses are the substitutive 1,2-adducts 4, 5, 14, 15, 24, 27, whereas the ene-adducts 25, 28 occur only in trace amounts. The mechanistic grounds are discussed in terms of diradicals with consideration of exciplex emissions and with the aid of comparative reactions involving 1,4-cyclohexadiene and methyl cinnamate. The photolyses of several propellanes with varying degrees of hydrogenation are described (decomposition, dehydrocyclization, intramolecular cycloaddition, and 1,5-shift). The structures of the products have been determined spectroscopically (IR, UV, fluorescence, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) and in part by chemical degradation and independent synthesis.
    Notes: Die Photoreaktionen von Stilben, 4,4′-Dichlor-, 4,4′-Dicyan-, 4,4′-Dimethoxystilben, Diphenyl-acetylen und Bis(4-cyanphenyl)acetylen mit 2,3,4,7-Tetrahydroinden und 1,4,4,8-Tetrahydronaphthalin werden untersucht. Durch [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition enstehen trotz sterischer Hinderung elektrostatisch gefördert überwiegend die Propellane 3, 12, 23, 26, aus denen Dehydrierungsprodukte (41, 44, 45) und das Hydrierungsprodukt 29 gewonnen werden. Weitere Hauptprodukte bei den Photolysen sind 1,2-Substitutionsaddukte (4, 5, 14, 15, 24, 27), während En-Addukte (25, 28) nur spurenweise auftreten. Die mechanistischen Gründe werden anhand von Exciplex-Emissionsspektren und unter Zuhilfenahme von Vergleichsreaktionen mit 1,4-Cyclohexadien sowie Zimtsäure-methylester auf der Grundlage von Diradikalen diskutiert. Die Photolysen mehrerer Propellane unterschiedlichen Hydrierungsgrads werden beschrieben (Zerfall, Dehydrocyclisierung, intramolekulare Cycloaddition und 1,5-Verschiebung). Die Konstitutionen der Produkte werden spektroskopisch (IR, UV, Fluoreszenz, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) und zum Teil durch chemischen Abbau und unabhängige Synthesen aufgeklärt.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of 19-Nor-Steroids via a Photochemical Key Reaction: Enantiomerically Pure Target CompoundsA total synthesis of the enantiomerically pure 19-nor-steroids estrone (1a), 19-norandrost-4-en-3,17-dione (2a), estradiol-17β (3a), and 19-nortestosterone (4a) is described. It follows the A + D→AD→ABCD sequence, proceeds via a kinetically unstable o-quinodimethane derivative obtained in a light induced reaction, and employs the chiral synthetic building block dimethyl (R)-2-vinyl-1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylate (12b). The latter is easily accessible by an asymmetry inducing ScN′ reaction. During the synthetic procedure it is isolated enantiomerically pure. The analytic procedure reveals that 12b is formed with an optical purity or an enantiomeric excess, respectively, of 95%.
    Notes: Eine Totalsynthese der enantiomerenreinen 19-Nor-Steroide Östron (1a), 19-Norandrost-4-en-3,17-dion (2a), östradiol-17β (3a) und 19-Nortestosteron (4a) wird beschrieben. Sie folgt dem A + D→AD→ABCD-Aufbauprinzip, durchläuft ein lichtinduziertes, kinetisch instabiles o-Chinodimethan-Derivat und verwendet den chiralen Synthesebaustein (R)-2-Vinyl-1,1-cyclopropan-dicarbonsäure-dimethylester (12b). 12b ist durch eine Asymmetrie induzierende ScN′-Reaktion (s. Abb. 2) bequem zugänglich. Bei der Synthese fällt 12b enantiomerenrein an. Das analytische Procedere offenbart, daß 12b mit einer optischen Reinheit oder mit einem Enantiomeren-überschuß jeweils von 95% zustande kommt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 6 (1982), S. 353-363 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: Nereis extract ; connecting filaments ; protease action ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Epididymal sperm of the mouse, rat, and guinea pig and ejaculated sperm of rabbits are cleaved at the head-tail junction by an extract of Nereis virens. Annelids are extracted with water and the extract is purified by ion exchange chromatography. Electron microscopy shows that the extract acts on the filaments connecting the capitulum of the tail with the basal plate lining the nuclear envelope. Following detachment, the basal plate remains with the head. The extract contains proteases as indicated by hydrolysis of tosyl arginine methyl ester (TAME), benzoyl arginine ethyl ester (BAEE), and Azocoll, a general protease substrate. The hydrolysis of TAME is inhibited by tosyl lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), a trypsin inhibitor, but TLCK does not prevent head-tail separation by the Nereis extract. Similarly tosyl phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), a chymotrypsin inhibitor, and phosphoramidon and leucyltryptophan, both thermolysin and acrolysin inhibitors  -  singly or in combination  -  do not prevent hydrolysis of Azocoll. Head-tail separation activity of the extract was inhibited by dithiothreitol, which reduces disulfide bonds, and phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride, an inhibitor of serine proteases. These results indicate that the extract is a mixture of proteases, one being a serine protease similar to trypsin.Digestion of the connecting filaments with the pure proteases, trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, has yielded the following information on the proteins of the filaments. The accessibility of arginine and/or lysine peptide bonds to enzyme action is highest in rat sperm filaments, whereas those in the filaments of mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig sperm are less accessible than in the rat. Another possibility is that the total content of arginine and/or lysine varies between the species. The most dramatic difference is the enzymatic action on glutamyl peptide bonds of the filaments, the order being: mouse 〉 rat 〉 rabbit, with guinea pig sperm filaments completely resistant over the time course of the experiment.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1983 (1983), S. 1446-1447 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Neue Umlagerung von 1,2:4,8-Diepoxy-p-menthanErhitzen von 1,2:4,8-Diepoxy-p-methan (1) mit Aluminiumoxid in Toluol induziert eine Fragmentierung zum 6-Ethenyl-5,6-dihydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-3(4H)-on (2).
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Highly Selective Total Synthesis of 19-Nor-Steroids via a Photochemical Key Reaction: Racemic Target Compounds1,4)Ring A and ring D building blocks 17b and rac-15, easily available from m-cresyl methyl ether (19a) or (E)-1,4-dibromo-2-butene (13b) and methyl malonate (14a), respectively, react by Michael addition affording the key compound rac-9a. The latter compound by successive photoenolization, intramolecular Diels/Alder reaction, and dehydration furnishes the pretarget compounds rac-5 and rac-6. From here the 19-norsteroids rac-estrone (rac-1a), rac-19-norandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (rac-2a), rac-estradiol-17β (rac-3a), and rac-19-nortestosterone (rac-4a) are optionally accessible (cf. schemes 1 and 2 as well as tables 3 and 4).
    Notes: Die Ring A- und Ring D-Bausteine 17b und rac-15, die bequem aus m-Kresolmethylether (19a) sowie (E)-1,4-Dibrom-2-buten (13b) und Malonsäure-dimethylester (14a) zugänglich sind, fügen sich in einer Michael-Addition zur Schlüsselverbindung rac-9a zusammen. Letztere reagiert nacheinander durch Photoenolisierung, intramolekulare Diels/Alder-Reaktion und Dehydratisierung zu den Präzielverbindungen rac-5 und rac-6. Von hier aus erhält man wahlweise die 19-Nor-Steroide rac-Östron (ra-1a), rac-19-Norandrost-4-en-3,17-dion (rac-2a), rac-Östradiol-17β (rac-3a) und rac-19-Nortestosteron (rac-4a) (s. Schemata 1 und 2 sowie Tab. 3 und 4).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The modification of epoxy resins by reactions involving their hydroxyl groups is described. For example, reactions with enol ethers, acrylonitrile, ethyl acetoacetate and certain other carboxylic esters, or triethyl orthoformate, gave products which had reduced reactivities towards various hardeners, and which therefore gave lower peak temperatures on cure and/or longer usable lives. Suitable modification of epoxy resins with various other reagents(certain acid anhydrides, epichlorohydrin, or N-hydroxymethylacrylamide) introduces additional useful functional groups. The uses of a diisocyanate and of α-naphthyl isocyanate to modify epoxy resins or their mixtures prior to GPC analysis are also mentioned.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 18 (1984), S. 96-106 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 56 (1984), S. 853-855 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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