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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-05-05
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉ABSTRACT〈/div〉On the afternoon of 15 November 2017, the coastal city of Pohang, Korea, was rocked by a magnitude 5.5 earthquake (Mw, U.S. Geological Survey). Questions soon arose about the possible involvement in the earthquake of the Republic of Korea’s first enhanced geothermal system (EGS) project because the epicenter of the earthquake was located near the project’s drill site. The Pohang EGS project was intended to create an artificial geothermal reservoir within low‐permeability crystalline basement by hydraulically stimulating the rock to form a connected network of fractures between two wells, PX‐1 and PX‐2, at a depth of ∼4  km. Forensic examination of the tectonic stress conditions, local geology, well drilling data, the five high‐pressure well stimulations undertaken to create the EGS reservoir, and the seismicity induced by injection produced definitive evidence that earthquakes induced by high‐pressure injection into the PX‐2 well activated a previously unmapped fault that triggered the Mw 5.5 earthquake. Important lessons of a general nature can be learned from the Pohang experience and can serve to increase the safety of future EGS projects in Korea and elsewhere.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: Near-source ground-motion observations and kinematic source inversions suggest that the rupture process of the 2011 M w  9.0 Tohoku earthquake involved rupture reactivation, that is, repeated rupture nucleation in the same hypocentral area. This unusual phenomenon may have provided a second breath to the rupture that enhanced its final size. Here, we propose that rupture reactivation may have been governed by a slip-weakening friction model with two sequential strength drops, the second one being activated at large slip. Such frictional behavior has been previously observed in laboratory experiments and attributed to pressurization of fault-zone fluids by mineral decomposition reactions activated by shear heating, such as dehydration and decarbonation. Further evidence of this double-slip-weakening friction model is obtained here from the dynamic stress changes in the hypocentral region derived from a finite source inversion model. We incorporate this friction model in a dynamic rupture simulation comprising two main asperities constrained by source inversion models and several deep small asperities constrained by backprojection source imaging studies. Our simulation produces ground-motion patterns along the Japanese coast consistent with observations and rupture patterns consistent with a kinematic source model featuring rupture reactivation. The deep small asperities serve as a bridge to connect the two main asperities, and the rupture reactivation mechanism is needed to reproduce the observed ground-motion pattern. Therefore, we argue that rupture reactivation during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake is consistent with a second strength drop, possibly caused by activation of thermochemical weakening processes at large slip. Online Material: Movie of simulated rupture and wave propagation and ground velocities recorded at the KiK-net and K-NET seismic networks.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-08-26
    Description: The InSight (Interior exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander will deploy a seismic monitoring package on Mars in November 2018. In preparation for the data return, we prepared a blind test in which we invite participants to detect and characterize seismicity included in a synthetic dataset of continuous waveforms from a single station that mimics both the streams of data that will be available from InSight, as well as expected tectonic and impact seismicity and noise conditions on Mars. We expect that the test will ultimately improve and extend the current set of methods that the InSight team plan to use in routine analysis of the Martian dataset.
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉ABSTRACT〈/div〉On the afternoon of 15 November 2017, the coastal city of Pohang, Korea, was rocked by a magnitude 5.5 earthquake (Mw, U.S. Geological Survey). Questions soon arose about the possible involvement in the earthquake of the Republic of Korea’s first enhanced geothermal system (EGS) project because the epicenter of the earthquake was located near the project’s drill site. The Pohang EGS project was intended to create an artificial geothermal reservoir within low‐permeability crystalline basement by hydraulically stimulating the rock to form a connected network of fractures between two wells, PX‐1 and PX‐2, at a depth of ∼4  km. Forensic examination of the tectonic stress conditions, local geology, well drilling data, the five high‐pressure well stimulations undertaken to create the EGS reservoir, and the seismicity induced by injection produced definitive evidence that earthquakes induced by high‐pressure injection into the PX‐2 well activated a previously unmapped fault that triggered the Mw 5.5 earthquake. Important lessons of a general nature can be learned from the Pohang experience and can serve to increase the safety of future EGS projects in Korea and elsewhere.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-09-08
    Description: In the frame of the European Commission project “Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe” (SHARE), aiming at harmonizing seismic hazard at a European scale, the compilation of a homogeneous, European parametric earthquake catalogue was planned. The goal was to be achieved by considering the most updated historical dataset and assessing homogenous magnitudes, with support from several institutions. This paper describes the SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC), which covers the time-window 1000-1899. It strongly relies on the experience of the European Commission project “Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology” (NERIES), a module of which was dedicated to create the European “Archive of Historical Earthquake Data” (AHEAD) and to establish methodologies to homogenously derive earthquake parameters from macroseismic data. AHEAD has supplied the final earthquake list, obtained after sorting duplications out and eliminating many fake events, and the most updated historical dataset. Macroseismic data points (MDPs) provided by AHEAD have been processed with updated, repeatable procedures, regionally calibrated against a set of recent, instrumental earthquakes, to obtain earthquake parameters. From the same data, a set of epicentral intensity-to-magnitude relations has been derived, with the aim of providing another set of homogeneous Mw estimates. Then, a strategy focussed on maximizing the homogeneity of the final epicentral location and Mw, has been adopted. Special care has been devoted also to supply location and Mw uncertainty. The paper focuses on the procedure adopted for the compilation of SHEEC and briefly comments on the achieved results.
    Description: EC-Research Framework programme FP7, Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe, Grant Agreement No. 226769
    Description: Published
    Description: 523-544
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquake catalogue ; Europe ; earthquake parameters ; magnitude ; parameters uncertainty ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-09-08
    Description: The 2013 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM13) results from a community-based probabilistic seismic hazard assessment supported by the EU-FP7 project “Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe” (SHARE, 2009–2013). The ESHM13 is a consistent seismic hazard model for Europe and Turkey which overcomes the limitation of national borders and includes a through quantification of the uncertainties. It is the first completed regional effort contributing to the “Global Earthquake Model” initiative. It might serve as a reference model for various applications, from earthquake preparedness to earthquake risk mitigation strategies, including the update of the European seismic regulations for building design (Eurocode 8), and thus it is useful for future safety assessment and improvement of private and public buildings. Although its results constitute a reference for Europe, they do not replace the existing national design regulations that are in place for seismic design and construction of buildings. The ESHM13 represents a significant improvement compared to previous efforts as it is based on (1) the compilation of updated and harmonised versions of the databases required for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, (2) the adoption of standard procedures and robust methods, especially for expert elicitation and consensus building among hundreds of European experts, (3) the multi-disciplinary input from all branches of earthquake science and engineering, (4) the direct involvement of the CEN/TC250/SC8 committee in defining output specifications relevant for Eurocode 8 and (5) the accounting for epistemic uncertainties of model components and hazard results. Furthermore, enormous effort was devoted to transparently document and ensure open availability of all data, results and methods through the European Facility for Earthquake Hazard and Risk (www.​efehr.​org).
    Description: Published
    Description: 3553-3596
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment ; Uncertainty analysis ; Earthquake engineering ; Logic-tree ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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