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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Updated and Comprehensive rRNA Phylogeny of (Crown) Eukaryotes Based on Rate-Calibrated Evolutionary Distances (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 51 (2000), S. 565-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: SSU rRNA database — Among-site rate variation — Eukaryotic diversity — Crown eukaryotes — Distance trees — Rate variation among lineages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Recent experience with molecular phylogeny has shown that all molecular markers have strengths and weaknesses. Nonetheless, despite several notable discrepancies with phylogenies obtained from protein data, the merits of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) as a molecular phylogenetic marker remain indisputable. Over the last 10 to 15 years a massive SSU rRNA database has been gathered, including more then 3000 complete sequences from eukaryotes. This creates a huge computational challenge, which is exacerbated by phenomena such as extensive rate variation among sites in the molecule. A few years ago, a fast phylogenetic method was developed that takes into account among-site rate variation in the estimation of evolutionary distances. This ``substitution rate calibration'' (SRC) method not only corrects for a major source of artifacts in phylogeny reconstruction but, because it is based on a distance approach, allows comprehensive trees including thousands of sequences to be constructed in a reasonable amount of time. In this study, a nucleotide variability map and a phylogenetic tree were constructed, using the SRC method, based on all available (January 2000) complete SSU rRNA sequences (2551) for species belonging to the so-called eukaryotic crown. The resulting phylogeny constitutes the most complete description of overall eukaryote diversity and relationships to date. Furthermore, branch lengths estimated with the SRC method better reflect the huge differences in evolutionary rates among and within eukaryotic lineages. The ribosomal RNA tree is compared with a recent protein phylogeny obtained from concatenated actin, α-tubulin, β-tubulin, and elongation factor 1-α amino acid sequences. A consensus phylogeny of the eukaryotic crown based on currently available molecular data is discussed, as well as specific problems encountered in analyzing sequences when large differences in substitution rate are present, either between different sequences (rate variation among lineages) or between different positions within the same sequence (among-site rate variation).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002390010120
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatic protein turnover in goldthioglucose-induced obesity (1981)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 684-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Goldthioglucose obese mice fail to regulate hepatic protein turnover in response to variable energy intake in contrast to lean mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01967920
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of light of altered spectral composition on coral zooxanthellae associations and on zooxanthellae in vitro (1984)
    Springer
    Marine biology 78 (1984), S. 239-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus) and Montipora verrucosa (Lamarck) were collected from Hawaiian reefs. In two experiments (September 1979-January 1980: ca. 4 mo; August-October 1980; ca. 2 mo), these reef corals were grown under sunlight passed through filters producing light fields of similar quantum flux but different spectral composition. In vitro cultures of symbiotic zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium microadriaticum Freudenthal) from M. verrucosa were cultured under similar conditions for 15 d. Blue or white light promoted more coral skeletal growth than green or red light. In both coral species, blue light increased the total amount of chlorophyll a of the coral-zooxanthellae association. In the perforate species, M. verrucosa, the pigment concentration was elevated by an increase in the density of zooxanthellae, but the pigment concentrations per algal cell remained unchanged; in the non-perforate species, P. damicornis, it appears that pigment concentration was elevated by an increase in pigment per algal cell, and not by an increase in density of zooxanthellae. The “sunloving” reef-flat coral P. damicornis did not grow as rapidly as the “shade-species” M. verrucosa at the low quantum flux (about 10% sunlight) provided by the experimental treatments. The in vitro cultures of zooxanthellae from M. verrucosa exhibited growth rates in light of altered spectral quality that correlated with the responses of the host coral species: blue and white light supported significantly greater growth than green light, and red light resulted in the lowest growth rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393009
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconstruction of three-dimensional particle trajectories in flows through curved circular tubes (1993)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 14 (1993), S. 402-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An automated technique is described for reconstructing three-dimensional trajectories of tracer particles in curved circular ducts. Individual particles are tracked in real time by a rotating camera under computer control. A digital imaging system enables the computer to locate the particle, adjust the speed of rotation, and store position and calibration data. By viewing the tube from approximately orthogonal directions, three-dimensional information on the position of the particle is obtained. Its precise location is calculated by tracing rays from the camera to the interior of the tube. This technique yields detailed three-dimensional position and velocity data along a trajectory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190194
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expressed Peromyscus maniculatus (Pema) MHC class I genes: evolutionary implications and the identification of a gene encoding a Qa1-like antigen (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 44 (1996), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To gain insight into the evolution of rodent major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes and identify important (conserved) nonclassical class I (class I b) gene products and residues in these proteins, six Peromyscus maniculatus MHC (Pema) class I cDNA clones were isolated and sequenced. Five Pema class I cDNAs appeared most similar to mouse and rat classical class I (class I a) genes. One exhibited highest similarity to an H2 class I b gene, H2-T23 (encoding the Qa1 antigen). Phylogenetic trees constructed with Pema, RT1, and H2 class I sequences suggested that the lineages of some rodent class I b genes (e. g., T23 and T24) originated prior to Mus and Peromyscus speciation [〉50 million years (My) ago]. Sequences of four Qa1-like proteins from three species permitted the identification of ten Qa1-specific amino acids. On the basis of molecular modeling, three residues showed the potential to interact with T-cell receptors and three residues (all corresponding to polymorphic positions among H2 class I a proteins) were predicted to influence antigen binding. The recognition of mouse Qa1 proteins by a subset of T-cells in influenced by a locus, Qdm, which encodes the H2-D leader peptide. One of the Pema class I cDNA clones classified as H2-K, D/L-like (class I a) is predicted to encode an identical peptide, implying that an antigen binding protein (Qa1) and the antigen to which it binds (the product of Qdm) has been conserved for over 50 My.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050109
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved bioavailability from a spironolactone beta-cyclodextrin complex (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 507-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Spironolactone ; beta cyclodextrin ; relative bioavailability ; canrenone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relative bioavailability of spironolactone from a complex with beta-cyclodextrin has been evaluated. Capsules containing 100 mg micronised spironolactone powder were compared with 100 mg spironolactone beta-cyclodextrin complex in 8 healthy volunteers by a single dose, double blind, crossover pharmacokinetic study. Subjects were randomly allocated to each preparation and crossed over after 2 weeks. Relative bioavailability was assessed by the measurement of serum canrenone concentrations. The mean relative bioavailability of the spironolactone cyclodextrin complex, compared to the micronised spironolactone powder, was 233%. Statistical analysis (Wilcoxon signed rank test) revealed that this difference was significant with a mean area under the serum concentration time curve of 3.90 and 1.88 mg · h · l−1, for the complex and micronised spironolactone powder, respectively. Four of the volunteer also received a 100 mg spironolactone tablet (Aldactone) under identical conditions. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the mean relative bioavailability of the spironolactone beta cyclodextrin complex and micronised powder when compared with spironolactone tablets (Aldactone) was 252% and 124%, respectively. There was no change in the canrenone elimination half lives of each subject.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315231
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soy-based medium for ethanol production byEscherichia coli KO11 (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1996), S. 374-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: soy ; hydrolysate ; nutrient ; fermentation ; ethanol ; amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract An optimized soy-based medium was developed for ethanol production byEscherichia coli KO11. The medium consists of mineral salts, vitamins, crude enzymatic hydrolysate of soy and fermentable sugar. Ethanol produced after 24 h was used as an endpoint in bioassays to optimize hydrolysate preparation. Although longer fermentation times were required with soy medium than with LB medium, similar final ethanol concentrations were achieved (44–45 g ethanol L−1 from 100 g glucose L−1). The cost of materials for soy medium (excluding sugar) was estimated to be $0.003 L−1 broth, $0.006 L−1 ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570119
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of process errors on the production of ethanol by Escherichia coli KO11 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1998), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: lignocellulose; biomass; fermentation; ethanol; E. coli KO11; xylose; process errors; process upsets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Escherichia coli KO11 was previously constructed for the production of ethanol from both hexose and pentose sugars in hemicellulose hydrolysates by inserting the Zymomonas mobilis genes encoding pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (adhB). This biocatalyst appears relatively resistant to potential process errors during fermentation. Antibiotics were not required to maintain the maximum catabolic activity of KO11 even after deliberate contamination with up to 10% soil. Fermentations exposed to extremes of temperature (2 h at 5°C or 50°C) or pH (2 h at pH 3 or pH 10) recovered after re-adjustment to optimal fermentation conditions (35°C, pH6) although longer times were required for completion in most cases. Ethanol yields were not altered by exposure to extremes in temperature but were reduced by exposure to extremes in pH. Re-inoculation with 5% (by volume) from control fermentors reduced this delay after exposure to pH extremes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900524
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1967)
    Springer
    Computing 2 (1967), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02239186
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    40Ar-39Ar ages of scandinavian impact structures: I Mien and Siljan (1978)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 68 (1978), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract 40Ar-39Ar ages have been obtained on samples of impact melt from the Lake Mien and Siljan hypervelocity impact structures in Sweden. Two samples of “rhyolite” from Lake Mien yield a plateau age of 118.7±2.3 m.y., which is consistent with earlier conventional K-Ar results. Two melt samples from a dikelet in the central granite of Siljan have an integrated age of 361.9±1.1 m.y.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375448
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