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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure evolution in the Cu-Fe system during mechanical alloying (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 31 (1996), S. 4165-4169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract High-resolution electron microscopy was used to examine the structure evolution of Cu-60 at % Fe powder mixture during mechanical alloying. Fracture and refinement of particles, the lamellar structure formed by cold-welding, and nanocrystals, were all observed at atomic scale. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the Bragg peaks from the b c c phase decrease obviously in intensity after 3 h milling and entirely disappear after 5 h milling. Lattice images of the products obtained after 3 h milling reveal that there are Nishiyama-Wasserman orientation relationships between the b c c and f c c phases, i.e. (001)α//(110)γ, [1 $$\bar 1$$ 0]α//[1 $$\bar 1$$ 2]γ and [110]α//[ $$\bar 1$$ 11]Γ . It is likely that for a mechanically alloyed iron-rich powder mixture, ball milling induces a reverse martensitic transformation of b c c Fe(Cu) to f c c Fe(Cu) phase. The greatly extended f c c phase range is closely related to this transformation. After 5 h milling, nanocrystals with sizes about 10 nm are formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352683
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the whisker–matrix interfacial reactions in K2O·6TiO2 whisker-reinforced aluminium matrix composites (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 543-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The interfacial reaction at the whisker–matrix interface in a K2O·6TiO2/6061Al composite was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Magnesium segregation and titanium enrichment at the whisker–aluminium interface was revealed by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. It was shown that TiO and MgTi2O4 layers and MgAl2O4 particles were formed at the whisker–aluminium interfaces in the composite during the manufacturing of the composite. The thickening of the reaction layer after T6 treatment may result in the decrease of the bending strength of the composite. Specific orientation relationships between MgTi2O4 and TiO, and also between TiO and K2O·6TiO2 whiskers were also found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018502811169
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-induced phase transformations in a hot-deformed two-phase (α2+γ) TiAl alloy (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 2563-2571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Stress-induced γ→α2, α2→γ and γ→9R phase transformations in a hot-deformed Ti–45 at% Al–10 at% Nb alloy have been investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The γ→α2 phase transformation is an interface-related process. The interfacial superdislocations emitted from the misoriented semicoherent α2–γ interface react with each other or with the moving dislocations in the γ phase, resulting in the formation of the α2 phase. The nucleation of the α2→γ phase transformation takes place either at the α2–γ interfaces or at the stacking faults on the basal plane of α2 phase, and the growth of γ plate is accomplished by the moving of a/6〈1 0 1 0〉 Shockley partials on alternate basal plane (0 0 0 1)α2. The 9R structure was usually found to form at incoherent twin or pseudotwin boundaries. During deformation the interfacial Shockley partial dislocations of these incoherent twin and pseudotwin boundaries may glide on (1 1 1)γ planes into the matrix, resulting in the formation of 9R structure. The interfaces (including α2–γ and γ–γ interfaces) as well as the crystallographic orientation relationship between the as-received or stress-induced α2, γ and 9R phase have been analysed. The mechanisms for the stress-induced γ→α2, α2→γ and γ→9R phase transformations were also discussed. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004397001175
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron diffraction and HREM studies of the new phase and superstructures in Ca4Al6SO16 (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 5147-5156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The fine structure of unhydrated cement clinker Ca4Al6SO16 (C4A3S) and its four superstructures have been studied by means of electron diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The match between experimental images and simulated ones verifies the result of X-ray structural analysis: C4A3S having a cubic lattice with space group l43m,Z = 2. The frequent apperance of forbidden reflections such as 1/2, −1/2, 0 along the 〈110〉* directions of C4A3S imply the presence of superstructures which may be due to an orderly inverse occupation of Ca2+ ions. Various structure models based upon the observed structural images have been proposed for these four superstructures. A new cubic phase witha′ = 1.5 nm is also found by selected area electron diffraction (SAED).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580143
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron diffraction study of superlattices and orientation variants in Ca3SrAl6SO16 (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 5725-5732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Samples having the nominal composition of Ca3SrAl6SO16 were sintered at 1380 °C and analysed by electron diffraction. The frequent appearances of forbidden and satellite reflections in this compound imply the presence of a number of basal and nonbasal superlattices so that the microstructure of this cement clinker was characterized by various superstructures including one-, two- and even three-dimensional superstructures along the 〈0 0 1〉, 〈1 1 0〉, 〈1 1 2〉, 〈1 1 4〉 or 〈2 2 1〉, 〈0 1 3〉 and 〈1 2 3〉 directions with repeat periods of two or three times of that of basic one, respectively, and intergrowth of these. Various domain structures with 90°, 120° and 48.2°, etc., orientation relationships were also detected in these superstructures and the total number of these orientation variants related to the symmetry elements lost in the process of phase transformation, can be predicted according to the conclusions of Van Tendeloo and Amerlinckx, or they are equal to the number of those unique planes in the matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01130108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HRTEM study of planar defects and polytypes in MgSiO3 (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 4037-4042 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The microstructure of a synthetic ceramic with the nominal composition of MgSiO3 has been investigated by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Mistakes in stacking sequences, including an isolated fault and the coexistence of various stacking disorders resulting from the phase transition of high-temperature phase protoenstatite to room temperature phase clinoenstatite, have been determined. They consist of a sequential arrangement of the same kind of SiO3 tetrahedral chains with identical and opposite skews, respectively. These stacking faults possibly formed during the early stage of nucleation of clinoenstatite on cooling. As a result, the new polytypes with repeat periods of 1.35 and 2.25 nm, respectively, perpendicular to the (100) plane were introduced by varying the stacking sequences in clinoenstatite and orthoenstatite matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351228
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-resolution-electron-microscopy study of a γ/γ′-α directionally solidified eutectic alloy (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 248-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The microstructure of a γ/γ′-α directionally solidified (DS) eutectic alloy with a nominal composition of Ni-30.26Mo-6.08Al-1.43V (wt%) was investigated by means of high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and analytical electron microscopy. The α-fibres exhibited a typical morphology with a rectangular cross-section and they displayed the Bain orientation relationship (OR) with the γ′/γ matrix; that is, [001]α∥[001]γ′ and (110)α∥(010)γ′. Misfit dislocations and lattice strain fields existed at the α/γ′ interface for different habit planes; that is, (110)α∥(010)γ′ and (100)α∥(110)γ′ were analysed. EDAX (Energy dispersive X-ray) analysis showed that the composition of the γ-phase was approximately Ni4(Mo, Al, V); it contained 90° rotational domains of Ni3(Mo, Al, V) with a DO22 structure and Ni2(Mo, Al, V) with a Pt2Mo structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352157
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the SiC and TiN whisker microstructure (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 3202-3208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Five criteria for evaluating the whisker microstructure have been suggested, which include (1) proportion of “perfect” single crystals, (2) morphology and growth direction, (3) length, diameter and ratio ofL/D, (4) the bulk and surface chemistries, (5) defects and their distribution. Three sets of commercially available SiC whiskers made in two countries and the TiN whiskers were characterized in terms of the above criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01124664
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An HREM study of domain structures and grain boundaries in Ca4Al6SO16 (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 814-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Several different kinds of domain structures formed during phase transformation have been observed by means of high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) in Ca4Al6S016. They are 〈110〉 90 ° and 120 ° orientation variants and 〈1 1 0〉 translation variants found in the superstructure. These orientation variants are related to the lost symmetries of matrix and the number of them can be predicted according to the Van Tendeloo's conclusion. In addition to these domain structures, the 〈1 1 0〉 180 ° rotation domain with the characteristic feature of non-stoichiometry and {1 1 0} general domain have also been revealed in the matrix. The {1 1 0} and {2 1 1} small angle grain boundaries were studied as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588321
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-resolution-electron-microscopy study of γ/γ′-α directionally solidified eutectic alloy (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A master alloy with eutectic compositions of Ni-30.26Mo-6.08Al-1.43 V (wt%) has been directionally solidified (DS) into γ/γ′-α alloy. The microstructural as-ageing treatment was studied by means of high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). A majority of α fibres still display the Bain orientation relationship with the γ′/γ matrix. In a few cases, however, the so-called Nishiyama-Wasserman (NW) orientation relationship is found in specimens aged at 850 °C for 2000 h. Different microdomain structures of the γ phase, corresponding to different ageing temperatures, were revealed. Orthorhombic Ni3Mo phase, with a size of tens of nanometres, was found to precipitate inside α fibres after ageing at both 850 and 650 °C. Occasionally, an γ′-Ni3Al phase with lamellar twin structure was also found to coexist with Ni3Mo precipitate inside the α fibres. The orientation relationships between the precipitates and the α fibres were determined. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) showed that the precipitation of Ni3Mo and Ni3Al is due to solid solution of Ni and Al in the α fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352158
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