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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Messenger RNA intron in the nuclear 18s ribosomal RNA gene of deuteromycetes (1993)
    Springer
    Current genetics 23 (1993), S. 338-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: rDNA ; mRNA ; Introns ; Deuteromycetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Introns within messenger RNA genes have characteristic border sequences and a conserved region near the 3′ end of the intron. All are involved in splicing to produce the mature mRNA. Introns in ribosomal RNA genes have less well-defined borders and contain no internal conservation. We report here mRNA-type introns located near the 3′ end of the 18s rRNA genes of the deuteromycetes Phialophora americana and Cenococcum geophilum. Inserted sequences of various sizes have also been located at the same point in several other deuteromycete species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310896
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Tea and Coffee Consumption on Serum Uric Acid Levels by Liquid-Chromatographic and Uricase Methods (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 65 (2000), S. 300-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0012800128
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffuse cavity formation in soft rot of pine (1994)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 28 (1994), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary A new type of soft rot of southern pine longitudinal tracheids is described. In this type, soft-rot cavities form by diffuse degradation of the S2 cell wall layer by hyphae growing within the cell wall. Cavity formation is diffuse and irregular as opposed to the restricted, periodic cavity formation typical of type 1 soft rot. Proboscis hyphae are small (diameter 0.6 to 0.9 μm) and rapidly autolyse. These proboscis hyphae are not easily recognizable with light microscopy, especially at later stages of decay, but require transmission electron microscopy to confirm their presence. This may be an alternative interpretation of the type 2 soft rot of softwoods described previously as being caused by lumenal hyphae through an intact S3. Chemical analysis of pine test blocks revealed a greater loss of glucose and an increase of galactose with diffuse type 1 species compared to typical type 1 soft rot species. The term “diffuse type 1” is suggested to describe this soft rot.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193328
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pachytene chromosomes of maize as revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization with repetitive DNA sequences (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 30-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Zea mays ; Pachytene chromosome ; Karyotype ; Repetitive DNA sequence ; Fluorescence in situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A repetitive DNA sequence, ZmCR2.6c, was isolated from maize based on centromeric sequence CCS1 of the wild grass Brachypodium sylvaticum. ZmCR2.6c is 309 bp in length and shares 65% homology to bases 421–721 of the sorghum centromeric sequence pSau3A9. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) localized ZmCR2.6c to the primary constrictions of pachytene bivalents and to the stretched regions of MI/AI chromosomes, indicating that ZmCR2.6c is an important part of the centromere. Based on measurements of chromosome lengths and the positions of FISH signals of several cells, a pachytene karyotype was constructed for maize inbred line KYS. The karyotype agrees well with those derived from traditional analyses. Four classes of tandemly repeated sequences were mapped to the karyotype by FISH. Repeats 180 bp long are present in cytologically detectable knobs on 5L, 6S, 6L, 7L, and 9S, as well as at the termini and in the interstitial regions of many chromosomes not reported previously. A most interesting finding is the presence of 180-bp repeats in the NOR-secondary constriction. TR-1 elements co-exist with 180-bp repeats in the knob on 6S and form alone a small cluster in 4L. 26S and 5S rRNA genes are located in the NOR and at 2L.88, respectively. The combination of chromosome length, centromere position, and distribution of the tandem repeats allows all chromosomes to be identified unambiguously. The results presented form an important basis for using FISH for physical mapping and for investigating genome organization in maize.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051445
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitriding in the high temperature oxidation of Fe-31Mn-9AI-6Cr alloy (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 769-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An alloy, of Fe-31.3Mn-8.92AI-5.96Cr-0.86C composition, was heated from 800 to 1000° C in atmospheres of oxygen, nitrogen and dry air respectively. A needle-like structure was observed between the alloy matrix and the external oxidation layer in the nitrogen-containing atmosphere at temperatures higher than 800° C. The needle-like phase was identified as AIN by both X-ray and STEM diffraction methods. Nitriding first occurred in the austenitic grains adjacent to the free surface, with subsequent AIN growth towards the alloy matrix. The ferrite phase, formed due to the precipitation of chromium carbide, prevented the growth of AIN. For the alloy oxidized in air, AIN formed and the growth front of AIN was ahead of the oxides. The aluminium content of the alloy matrix in the nitrided region was depleted by the formation of AIN. Due to the rapid nitriding of AI, the formation of a protective oxide layer was retarded and the oxidation resistance became less promising.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01153965
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High tempeature oxidation of Fe-31 Mn-9Al-xCr-0.87C alloys (x = 0, 3 and 6) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 268-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Three austenitic Fe-31 Mn-9Al-0.87C based alloys with various contents of chromium are oxidized in dry air from 800 to 1100° C. Decarburization takes place in the first stage of oxidation, and results in a porous initial alumina layer followed by a uniform and bulky oxide layer. In the second stage of oxidation or at higher temperature, the oxidation is dominated by the metallic elements. The chromium addition in this study acts as the oxygen getter to retard the oxidation of iron and especially decarburization in the first stage of oxidation. Qualitative and quantitative microscopic techniques are employed to investigate the morphological development and the elemental redistribution in the alloy system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544219
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of carbon on the high temperature oxidation of Fe-31 Mn-9Al-0.87C alloy (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 3447-3454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The alloy with the composition Fe-31Mn-9Al-0.87C was employed to investigate the effects of carbon on the oxidation behaviour at 800, 900 and 1000° C in dry air. Electron and optical microscopy were applied to examine the morphology and elemental redistribution in the oxide scale. Oxidation kinetics of the alloy oxidized at 800 and 900° C exhibited three-stage and two-stage parabolic rate laws, respectively. For the alloy oxidized at 1000° C, a carbon-induced breakaway three-stage oxidation mechanism developed. The carbon addition had a detrimental effect on the oxidation resistance and resulted in a porous initial oxide layer, which was favourable to the oxidation of manganese as well as the formation of a uniform and bulky oxide. As the oxidation temperature was increased, the diffusion rates of the metallic elements and the healing ability of oxide scales were enhanced. However, when the carbon content in alloy was above the saturation value, a breakaway scaling may have occurred due to the carbon-induced oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540477
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of gaseous atmosphere and pre-treatment on the oxidation-nitridation of Fe-31 Mn-9Al-6Cr-0.86C alloy at 1000° C (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 2913-2916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The Fe-Mn-Al-based alloys have attracted considerable interest for their potential application in stainless steel usage. In this study the oxidation and nitridation behaviour of Fe-31 Mn-9Al-6Cr-0.86C (wt%) alloy is investigated. The effects of a gaseous atmosphere, a pre-existing oxide layer and the alloy phase distribution in the matrix are evaluated with respect to the morphological development and kinetics. The nitridation behaviour of the alloy in air is sensitive to the alloy surface condition, such as the alloy phases in the matrix and the oxides in the scale. For the aged multiphase alloy, oxidation occurs in the ferrite phase and nitridation takes place in the austenite phase due to the higher solubility of nitrogen. The existing interphase boundaries provide an easy path for nitrogen migration and thus promote the nitridation. However, the surface oxide layers act as a diffusion barrier for nitrogen. The effectiveness of the barrier in the retardation of nitridation depends on the amounts of MnAl2O4 and α-Al2O3 in the oxide layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547468
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation and growth morphology of oxidation-induced ferrite layer in Fe-Mn-Al-Cr-C alloys (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 2063-2070 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Three austenitic Fe-31 Mn-9Al-xCr-0.87C alloys (x=0, 3 and 6) have been oxidized in dry air at 800 to 1100 ° C. An oxidation-induced ferrite layer is observed between the oxide layer and the austenite matrix. The ferrite layer is formed due to the selective oxidation of manganese. Qualitative and quantitative electron microscopic techniques are employed to investigate the morphological development and elemental redistribution in the alloy system. The mechanism of the formation and growth of the ferrite layer and the diffusion path of the carbon due to austenitic decomposition are explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045765
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large forms of histoplasma (1958)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 10 (1958), S. 53-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Various types of large forms ofHistoplasma were studied in experimentally infected hamster and mouse tissues.Histoplasma can be found in the yeast phase in 5 distinct forms: 1. the classicalHistoplasma capsulatum form (ovoid, 2–5 µ in size); 2. occasional “large forms” in necrotic tissue and old cultures (up to 9 µ); 3. induced large forms in tissue explants (up to 20 µ); 4. small or large yeast cells surrounded by “halos” (up to 30 µ) and 5. the “duboisii” form (up to 22 or more) found exclusively inHistoplasma duboisii. Correlations between the above large forms with the classical small form were discussed.Histoplasma duboisii and the “classical”Histoplasma capsulatum can be separated (1) by its size in the parasitic phase in vivo and in vitro; (2) by its different pathogenicity for experimental animals and (3) by the most particular tissue response in hamsters and in mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055033
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