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  • 1
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 61.43.Hv ; 75.50.Cc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Macroscopic fractal aggregates of cobalt are obtained by thermal evaporation of cobalt metal in an argon atmosphere and subsequent deposition on a silicon substrate heated to 1000 K. It is established that the fractal structure is formed by diffusion-limited aggregation of cobalt particles. The macroscopic fractal cobalt aggregates are ferromagnetic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Pea ; Wheat ; Chloroplast genes ; Photosystem II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genes for three components of photosystem II have been localised in chloroplast DNA from pea and wheat by hybridisation with gene-internal sequences from spinach chloroplast DNA. In both pea and wheat, the gene for the 51 kDa polypeptide is located close to the genes for cytochrome b-563 and the 15 kDa polypeptide of the cytochrome b-f complex. The genes for the D2 and 44 kDa polypeptides are located close together, approximately 55 kbp from the gene for the 51 kDa polypeptide, in both pea and wheat chloroplast DNA. The location and orientation of the genes for the D2 and 44 kDa polypeptides in wheat chloroplast DNA indicate that the rearrangement of the wheat genome with respect to the spinach genome is the result of at least two inversions.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Wheat chloroplast DNA ; Repeated sequences ; Ribosomal protein genes ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Some dispersed repeated sequences and their flanking regions from wheat and maize ctDNAs have been characterized. Two sets of wheat ctDNA repeats were found to be the chloroplast ribosomal protein genesrpl2 andrpl23, plus nonfunctional segments of them, designatedrpl2′ andrpl23′. Pairwise comparisons were made between the wheatrp123 andrpl23′, and the maizerp123′ sequences. The precise patterns of homology suggest that the divergence of the wheat and maize nonfunctional (rpl23′) sequences is being retarded by nonreciprocal recombination, biased by selection for individuals with functional (rpl23) sequences. The implied involvement of these sequences in mechanisms of homologous recombination, and therefore in the creation and spread of new ctDNA variants, is discussed.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Light regulation ; psbN ; Triticum aestivum ; Etioplast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleotide sequence of a region of wheat chloroplast DNA containing the psbB gene for the 47 kDa chlorophyll a-binding protein of photosystem II has been determined. The gene encodes a polypeptide of 508 amino acid residues which is predicted to contain six hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions. The psbB gene is located 562 bp upstream of the psbH gene for the 10 kDa phosphoprotein of photosystem II. A small open reading frame of 38 codons is located between psbB and psbH, and on the opposite strand the psbN gene, encoding a photosystem II polypeptide of 43 amino acid residues, is located between orf38 and psbH. S1 nuclease mapping indicated that the 5′ ends of transcripts were located 371 and 183 bp upstream of the psbB translation initiation codon. Predominant transcripts of 2.1 kb and 1.8 kb for psbB and 0.4 kb for psbH were present in RNA isolated from etiolated and greening wheat seedlings. Immunodecoration of Western blots indicated that the 47 kDa polypeptide was absent, or present in very low amounts, in dark-grown tissue and accumulated on greening, whereas the 10 kDa polypeptide was present in similar amounts in both dark-grown and greening seedlings. The 10 kDa polypeptide was phosphorylated in vitro by incubating wheat etioplast membranes with [γ3 2P] ATP.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of game theory 27 (1998), S. 93-109 
    ISSN: 1432-1270
    Keywords: Repeated games ; folk theorem ; public signals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The set of payoffs associated to pure uniform equilibria of a repeated game with public observation is characterized in terms of the one shot-game. The key of the result is first, a study of the effect of undetectable deviations and second, the definition of new types of punishments using approachability techniques.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of game theory 27 (1998), S. 93-109 
    ISSN: 1432-1270
    Keywords: Key words: Repeated games ; folk theorem ; public signals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The set of payoffs associated to pure uniform equilibria of a repeated game with public observation is characterized in terms of the one shot-game. The key of the result is first, a study of the effect of undetectable deviations and second, the definition of new types of punishments using approachability techniques.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of game theory 27 (1998), S. 539-559 
    ISSN: 1432-1270
    Keywords: Key words: Repeated games ; Folk theorem ; imperfect monitoring ; graphs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. We consider repeated games with complete information and imperfect monitoring, where each player is assigned a fixed subset of players and only observes the moves chosen by the players in this subset. This structure is naturally represented by a directed graph. We prove that a generalized folk theorem holds for any payoff function if and only if the graph is 2-connected, and then extend this result to the context of finitely repeated games.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current genetics 10 (1986), S. 931-941 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: T. aestivum ; Chloroplast DNA ; Repeat DNA ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Low-stringency hybridisation between recombinant plasmids representing the complete T. aestivum chloroplast genome has revealed small repeated DNA segments dispersed through the molecule. Thirty-two repeated DNA segments were detected, and they could be divided into 12 unrelated sets; no repeat was detected as multiple copies. The longest of the small repeats mapped just within the large inverted repeat in spinach and mung-bean ctDNAs. It was found to have been duplicated after the divergence of a cereal progenitor to generate a third, dispensible copy, 0.2 kbp downstream of rbcL. In maize at least, this copy has also become integrated, with rbcL, in the mitochondrial genome. Another of the repeats is thought to have mediated a chloroplast DNA inversion (Howe 1985). Thus the diverse collection of small repeats probably represents some consequences and causes of past recombination events as well as a mechanism for further intramolecular ctDNA recombination. Their possible significance in the restructuring and evolution of chloroplast genomes is discussed.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Chloroplast DNA ; tRNA genes ; Gene duplication ; Inversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have determined the DNA sequences of regions involved in two of the three inversions known to have occurred during the evolution of wheat chloroplast DNA. This establishes the extent of the second largest of the three inversions. Examination of these sequences suggests that although short repeated sequences are present, the endpoints of the second and third inversions are not associated with repeated sequences as long as those associated with the first inversion. However the endpoints of all three inversions are all adjacent to at least one tRNA gene, and there is evidence that three of the tRNA genes have been subjected to partial duplication, possibly at the time of inversion. This suggests that tRNA genes might be involved with rearrangements of chloroplast DNA, as has also been postulated for mitochondrial DNA.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 115 (1988), S. 231-246 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study Calabi-Yau manifolds that are embedded as hypersurfaces in products of semi-ample complex surfaces. We classify the deformation classes of the latter and thereby achieve a classification of the Calabi-Yau manifolds that are constructed in this way. Complementing the results in the existing literature, we obtain the complete Hodge diamond for all Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in products of semi-ample surfaces.
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