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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting New Hampshire indoor radon concentrations from geologic information and other covariates (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 37 (1999), S. 181-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Radon ; Bayesian statistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Generalized geologic province information and data on house construction were used to predict indoor radon concentrations in New Hampshire (NH). A mixed-effects regression model was used to predict the geometric mean (GM) short-term radon concentrations in 259 NH towns. Bayesian methods were used to avoid over-fitting and to minimize the effects of small sample variation within towns. Data from a random survey of short-term radon measurements, individual residence building characteristics, along with geologic unit information, and average surface radium concentration by town, were variables used in the model. Predicted town GM short-term indoor radon concentrations for detached houses with usable basements range from 34 Bq/m3 (1 pCi/l) to 558 Bq/m3 (15 pCi/l), with uncertainties of about 30%. A geologic province consisting of glacial deposits and marine sediments was associated with significantly elevated radon levels, after adjustment for radium concentration and building type. Validation and interpretation of results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050376
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic observations of the surface of L-cells in culture (1970)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 2 (1970), S. 300-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Techniques are described for the preparation of preshadowed replicas of both the upper and lower surfaces of L-cells in culture, and of cross sections of L-cells growing on a cellophane substrate. These revealed long slender microvilli, 800 to 1,100 A in diameter, projecting from both upper and lower surfaces of the cells. These microvilli were frequently observed to contact other cells and substrate, and to leave material behind on the substrate. The plasma membrane of the lower surface was separated from the substrate by an electron-lucent gap 200 to 300 A wide. The surface coat of the L-cell was visualized by staining with colloidal iron and ruthenium. Staining with colloidal iron was most intense on the surface of the microvilli. The gap between cell and substrate was intensely stained with ruthenium red. Enzymatic digestion of living cells revealed that both trypsin and neuraminidase reduced the staining of the cell coat by colloidal iron, whereas only trypsin altered its staining with ruthenium red. After trypsin treatment, fragments of an amorphous material with the staining characteristics of the cell coat were observed between the denuded cells. Treatment with ribonuclease, chymotrypsin or hyaluronidase did not affect the staining of the cell coat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01869866
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The central MHC gene IKBL carries a structural polymorphism that is associated with HLA-A3,B7,DR15 (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 49 (1999), S. 660-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words IKBL ; MHC ; TNF
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Susceptibility to several disorders, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis, has been associated with alleles of HLA class II genes and loci in the TNF cluster in the central major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. As recombination within this region is rare, it is difficult to determine which genes are important. This will be facilitated by the identification of functional polymorphisms. Hence we are sequencing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products derived from central MHC genes in well characterized and conserved ancestral haplotypes. Here we address the IKBL gene, which lies near the TNF cluster at the telomeric end of the central MHC. Although the IKBL cDNA sequence was conserved between most ancestral haplotypes, a synonymous nucleotide substitution, a 3' untranslated region substitution, and a single nonsynonymous substitution were identified. The latter (IKBL+738) was present in multiple examples of the 7.1 haplotype [HLA-A3, B7, DR2 (DR15)] and resulted in a cysteine to arginine substitution in a predicted protein kinase C phosphorylation site. This polymorphism did not occur in 18 other common haplotypes from the 10th International Histocompatibility Workshop and thus appears haplospecific. A role for IKBL+738 in the association between HLA-A3,B7,DR2(DR15) and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050662
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods of sampling and analysis for predictive results in the introduction of entomophagous insects (1972)
    Springer
    BioControl 17 (1972), S. 211-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous proposons ici des méthodes en vue d’une approche théorique du choix et de l’introduction d’Insectes entomophages. Une fois établis les besoins nécesaires aux organismes pour leur reproduction et leur survie, on choisit des sites afin d’échantillonner les Insectes en fonction des degrés d’un certain facteur critique. Quelle que soit la forme des gradients utilisés la répartition des échantillons doit être représentative des composantes du milieu. La distribution des entomophages d’après ces composantes est anlysée et quantifiée au moyen d’une formule qui montre l’aire de distribution d’un espèce, la similitude entre les distributions, et l’interaction à laquelle chaque espèce devra faire face dans chacun des groupes de composantes. Ces calculs peuvent être d’une grande utilité dans le choix de la meilleure espèce à introduire dans une région dont on connaît la composition et la distribution des espèces.
    Notes: Abstract Methods are proposed as a contribution towards the formalization of an approach to the selection and introduction of entomophagous insects. Once the critical resources necessary for the reproduction and survival of a predator or parasitoid have been identified, sites are arranged to sample these insects in different grades of the same critical factor. These grades of a resource may be ranked, and organized on gradients, or unranked, but in both cases the range of samples represents a resource set. The entomophagous insect distributions on these sets are analyzed and quantified by formulae that show the breadth of a species distribution, the similarity between distributions, and the interaction species will experience on each of the resource sets. These calculations can assist in selecting the best species for introduction into an area with a known species composition and distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371131
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sterols of the echinoderm,Ctenodiscus crispatus retzius (1973)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 29 (1973), S. 258-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aus dem SchlammsternCtenodiscus crispatus wurde ein kompliziertes Gemisch von Sterolen isoliert, die als Homologe des 5α-Cholest-7-en-3β-ols und deren 24-Methylderivate erkannt wurden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01926460
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in grape phylloxera preference and performance on canyon grape (Vitis arizonica) (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 107 (1996), S. 553-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Phylloxera ; Grape ; Local adaptation ; Deme ; Interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We tested the deme-formation hypothesis experimentally with four populations of leaf-galling grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, and its host, canyon grape (Vitis arizonica). An experiment designed to examine preference and performance showed that phylloxera populations did not significantly prefer their original host relative to other hosts in the percent available leaves galled. There were significant herbivore population effects (P〈0.01), host effects (P〈0.001), and population x host interaction effects (P〈0.001). Herbivore populations had different colonizing abilities (performance, as measured in the mean number of galls per leaf) on an individual host (P〈0.001), but there was no host effect. Host genotype significantly affected phylloxera performance, measured as survivorship (P〈0.01), but a phylloxera population did not necessarily have higher survivorship on its original host. Differences in fecundity, an-other measurement of performance, were due to intrinsic differences among herbivore populations (P〈0.05), and not related to host genotype. There was no correlation between distance from a phylloxera population in the field and a host's susceptibility to attack. There was a significant positive relationship between levels of infestation on a clone in the field and its susceptibility to colonization experimentally (P〈0.05), suggesting inherent differences in host resistance and susceptibility. These results did not support the deme-formation hypothesis. In a second experiment, host clone x water treatment interactions affected phylloxera survivorship (P〈0.05) and fecundity (P〈0.05). We conclude that host genotype x environment interactions may prevent sessile, parthenogenetic herbivores from locally adapting to individual host genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333948
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in herbivore density among host plants and its consequences for community structure (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 72 (1987), S. 577-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Community structure ; Host plant variation ; Gall-forming sawflies ; Willow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The densities of four species of gall-forming sawflies were found to vary significantly among willow host plant clones. Two of the speices varied among host plants at four sites in each of three years. The other two species varied in density among host plants at most of the sites in two of the three years. Total sawfly density also varied significantly among clones. Individual species densities on willow clones were significantly positively correlated between years when all sites were combined and frequently when sites were considered separately. Most pairwise species combinations were independent in density between years, but some negative correlations existed between the stem galler and the leaf galler. Gall-former densities also were largely independent among clones within years with all sites combined and with sites considered separately. The significant correlations were nearly all positive. At all four sites the combination of significant variation in sawfly densities among willow clones in the field and independence of species densities among clones resulted in significantly different communities (relative abundance of species) among willow clones in three years. Although sawfly abundances differed substantially among the four sites, this remained true. It is argued that the pattern of community structure among clones is the result of variation in host plant quality of clones. We propose an hypothesis to account for patterns of herbivore species associations based on intrapopulation host plant variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378986
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant age and attack by the bud galler, Euura mucronata (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 73 (1987), S. 334-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Euura mucronata ; Bud galler ; Herbivore ; Plant age ; Salix cinerea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary As ramets of the willow, Salix cinerea L. (Salicaceae) aged shoot length decreased in the six populations studied in S.E. Finland. Many traits correlated positively with shoot length: basal diameter, number of internodes, internode length, leaf size, and length of growing period. The bud-galling sawfly, Euura mucronata (Hartig) Man. (Churchill) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), responded positively to shoot length or correlated traits, and negatively to ramet age in three forest populations. This herbivore attacked the most vigorous plants in a population, and numbers of attacks declined as ramets aged and senesced. The generality of this kind of herbivore response to plant quality is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385248
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of intra- and interspecific association of gall-forming sawflies in relation to shoot size on their willow host plant (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 73 (1987), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Community structure ; Galls ; Insect-plant interactions ; Plant variation ; Sawflies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Four species of gall-forming sawflies were each frequently found to have clumped distributions among shoots within their willow host plant across four sites and three years. When all species were considered together by clone, year, and site, species showed independence of distribution among shoots two thirds of the time and showed positive covariance one third of the time. When pairs of species were considered separately, but clones were combined within sites and years, 60% of the chi-square tests of association were significant. All but one of the significant tests showed positive associations between pairs of species. The stem galler was positively associated with the leaf folder at all sites in all years, and the petiole galler was positively associated with the stem galler and leaf folder for most year by site combinations. When species paris co-occurred on shoots they were usually found at the same or higher density as when found alone on shoots. Only 2 of 100 tests showed a depressed density of a species when co-occurring on shoots with heterospecifics. All sawfly species were found on shoots that were significantly larger (mean node number) than on shoots without sawflies, and species responded to shoot size variation similarly. Sizes of shoots occupied by heterospecific species combinations were usually significantly larger than shoots with only conspecifics, for all species. These data supported the hypothesis that similar species' responses to within-plant variation would lead to positive rather than negative or random species associations. The data do not support the hypothesis that interspecific competition was important in determining shoot choice or species density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377503
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why does the bud-galling sawfly, Euura mucronata, attack long shoots? (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 74 (1987), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Herbivore survival ; Plant/insect interactions ; Plant quality ; Salix cinerea ; Shoot length
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The bud-galling sawfly, Euura mucronata, attacked longer shoot length classes on its host, Salix cinerea, more frequently than shorter shoots. Shoot length accounted for 76 to 93 percent of the variance in number of galls per 100 shoots in three habitats: forest, watermeadow, and lakeside. The reasons for this pattern were addressed with studies on shoot length in relation to: 1. Number of resources (buds) per shoot; 2. Success in establishment of larvae in galls; 3. Gall size and resources per gall; and 4. Survival of larvae after establishment as influenced by plant resistance and natural enemy attack. The most important factors proved to be success in establishment of larvae, with percent of variance accounted for ranging from 57 to 77 percent in three of four sites where relationships were significant, and survival after establishment of larvae, with variance accounted for ranging from 40 to 54 percent in the same three sites. The pattern of survival was dictated by plant resistance and not by natural enemies. These two additive factors resulted in a general relationship across all sites of increasing emergence of fully developed larvae per cohort as shoot length increased, accounting for 78 percent of the variance. These adaptive advantages to attacking longer shoots are sufficient to account for the pattern of increased probability of shoots being attacked as they increase in length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377338
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