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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 141-143 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary From a further investigation of the extractive of the green marine seaweedCaulerpa prolifera, we isolatedIII, which, on the basis of chemical and physico-chemical data, proved to be a dihydroderivative of caulerpenyne with an acetoxy group substituted by fatty acid residues.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Prostacyclin ; Loop diuretics ; Congestive heart failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Previous studies suggest that the acute haemodynamic effects of loop diuretics are due to a direct dilation of blood vessels and are not related to diuretic properties, but possibly to prostaglandin secretion. Objectives: We investigated whether in vitro human endothelial and renal epithelial cells responded to torasemide or furosemide with enhanced secretion of the vasodilator prostaglandin prostacyclin (PGI2). We also investigated the effects of loop diuretics on plasma concentrations of PGI2 and its physiological antagonist thromboxane after 25 min of administration of drugs in 44 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and 44 healthy volunteers. Methods: The PGI2 levels were measured after extraction in ethyl acetate by RIA as levels of 6-KetoPGF1α, a stable metabolite from a non-enzymatic degradation. TxB2 concentration, the stable hydrolysis product of TxA2, was also measured by RIA. Results: In human endothelial and renal epithelial cells, both loop diuretics induced an increase of 6-KetoPGF1α secretion that reached a peak after about 5 min and remained stable for 30 min of exposure to the drugs. The magnitude of the phenomenon was lesser in epithelial than in endothelial cells. Moreover, in both cell lines, there was a significantly higher secretion of 6-KetoPGF1α to torasemide than furosemide (P 〈 0.05). Concentrations of 6-KetoPGF1α at baseline were similar between the groups of CHF patients receiving the two different drugs. After 25 min of both drugs, 6-Keto-PGF1α significantly increased (P 〈 0.01), and this was significantly higher in patients treated with 10 mg of torasemide (P 〈 0.05 vs furosemide). Levels of PGI2 at baseline were lower in healthy controls than those reached by CHF patients and similar between groups. After 25 min of both drugs, PGI2 plasma levels were significantly increased (P 〈 0.01). Baseline values of TxB2 were significantly higher in CHF patients compared with controls (P 〈 0.01 vs respective groups), and, more importantly, furosemide but not torasemide increased TxB2 levels in patients and controls (P 〈 0.05 vs baseline). Conclusions: Our study is the first demonstration in human tissue of increased secretion of PGI2 both in vitro and in vivo, after torasemide or furosemide administration. This phenomenon, which may explain in part the vasodilatory effects of these drugs, was more evident with torasemide and was reached at lower concentrations of the drug. Accordingly, we also found that furosemide but not torasemide stimulated the release of the PGI2 physiological antagonist thromboxane in CHF patients and healthy controls.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 11 (1989), S. 157-186 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Diffusion in solids ; Functional analytical methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Nel presente lavoro si analizza, con il metodo dell'integrale di cammino, la diffusione di una particella quantistica pesante che si muove in un potenziale periodico, fortemente corrugato, in interazione con un bagno termico di fononi o di elettroni. Nel primo caso l'integrazione sui gradi di libertà dei fononi è effettuata esattamente e, nel limite di grande massa, dà luogo ad un'azione ohmica effettiva che include un termine auto-interagente non locale la cui intensità è il coefficiente di frizione classico. Nel secondo caso l'integrazione sui gradi di libertà elettronici è piú difficile; si può descrivere un'azione effettiva approssimata, per la particella pesante ed elettroni e dissipazione lineare; ii) debole accoppiamento e dissipazione non lineare. Nel caso i) è ottenuta un'azione effettiva uguale a quella trovata per i fononi ma con un coefficiente di frizione dato da quello di una particella pesante in un bagno fermionico. Nel caso ii) si ottiene un termine dissipativo non lineare ma ancora di tipo ohmico. Con un'analisi di istantone si valuta la mobilità della particella (e il coefficiente di diffusione), la cui dipendenza dalla temperatura mostra un passaggio da un comportamento diffusivo ad uno localizzato per un valore critico della frizione. Si discute infine se la frizione elettronica e fononica possa raggiungere tale valore critico.
    Abstract: Резюме В этой статье мы анализируем, используя метод интегрирования по траекториям, диффузию квантовой тяжёлой частицы, движущейся в сильно гофрированном периодическом потенциале в двух случаях, когда частица взаимодействует с термостатом фононов или электронов. В первом случае интегрирование по степеням свободы фононов проводится точно и в пределе боляшой массы тяжёлой частицы получается омическе эффективное действие, которое включает нелокальный член собственного взаимодействия, величина которого определяется классическим козффициентом трения. Во втором случае интегрирование по степеням свободы электронов затруднительно: мы можем получить приближённое эффективное действие длй тяжёлой частицы в двух различных предельных случаях: 1) произвольно боляшая связь между тяжёлой частицей и электронами и линейная диссипация; 2) слабая связь и нелинейная диссипация. В 1) мы получаем эффективное действие для тяжёлой частицы, равное действию для фононов, но с коэффициентом трения, определяемым взаимодействием классической тяжёлой частицы с фермионной баней. B 2) мы получаем нелинейный омический диссипативный член. Используя инстантонный подход, мы вычисляем подвижность (и коэффициент диффузии) частицы, температурная зависимость которых обнаруживает кроссовер из диффузного к локализованному поведению при критической величине трения. В заключение мы обсуждаем, может ли электронное и фононное трение достигать такой критической величины.
    Notes: Summary In this paper we analyse, with the path integral method, the diffusion of a quantum heavy particle moving in a strongly corrugated periodic potential both in the case when the particle is interacting with a thermal bath of phonons or of electrons. In the first case, the integration over the phonon degrees of freedom is performed exactly and in the large mass limit of the heavy particle it gives rise to an ohmic effective action which includes a nonlocal self-interacting term whose strength is the classical friction coefficient. In the second case, the integration over the electronic degrees of freedom is more difficult; we are able to derive an approximate effective action for the heavy particle in two different limiting cases: i) arbitrary large coupling between heavy particle and electrons and linear dissipation; ii) weak coupling and nonlinear dissipation. In i) we obtain an effective action for the particle equal to that found for the phonons but with a friction coefficient given by that of a classical heavy particle in a fermionic bath. In ii) we obtain a nonlinear, but still ohmic, dissipative term. Using an instanton approach we evaluate the mobility (and the diffusion coefficient) of the particle, whose temperature dependence shows a crossover from diffusive to localized behaviour at a critical value of the friction. Finally we discuss whether the electronic and phononic frictions can reach such a critical value.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 9 (1987), S. 361-392 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Phonons and vibrations in crystal lattics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Il modello di Yu e Anderson, in cui si considera un singolo oscillatore armonico interagente in modo intenso con un gas di elettroni, si discute in termini di cammini classici di tipo istantonico dell'oscillatore nel potenziale a doppia buca fornito dagli elettroni. Si analizzano in dettaglio le fluttuazioni attorno all'istantone e, usando la tecnica di Faddeev-Popov, la funzione di ripartizione del sistema si esprime in termini di quella di un gas classico d'istantoni, che è della stessa forma suggerita da Yu e Anderson.
    Abstract: Резюме Модель Ю и Андерсона, в которой отдельный гармонический осциллятор сильно взаимодействует с электронным газом, обсуждается в рамках классического инстантонного подхода для осциллятрова в эффективном потенциале в виде двойной ямы, образованном электронами. Подробно аналиэируются флуктуации около инстантона. Используя технику Фаддеева-Попова, функция распределения системы выражается через функций распределения для классического газа инстантонов, которая имеет тот же вид, как предлагалось Ю и Андерсоном.
    Notes: Summary The Yu and Anderson model in which a single harmonic oscillator interacts strongly with an electron gas is discussed in terms of instantonlike classical paths of the oscillator in the double-well effective potential provided by the electrons. Fluctuations around the instanton are carefully analysed and, using the Faddeev-Popov technique, the partition function of the system is expressed in terms of that of a classical gas of instantons, which is of the same form as suggested by Yu and Anderson.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: liver microsomes ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A better understanding of the mechanism of lipid peroxidation during the metabolism of cyclosporine A (CsA) might help explain the toxicities of this immunosuppressive drug on various organs. Ourin vitro work used microsomes prepared from livers of phenobarbital-induced male rats. The incubations (total volume 1ml) also contained a NADPH regenerating system and substrate (i.e., CsA, carbon tetrachloride, or aminopyrine) dissolved in ethanol. Lipid peroxidation was inferred from the presence of malondialdehyde (MDA) which was detected by the thiobarbituric acid assay. The formation of CsA hydroxylated metabolites (AM9 and AM1) was monitored by liquid chromatography. The activity of the microsomal incubation was confirmed by measurements of MDA and formaldehyde production caused by increasing concentrations of CsA, carbon tetrachloride, and aminopyrine. The occurrence of hydroxylated metabolites was not coupled to the production of MDA. Aminopyrine could inhibit MDA production by CsA, but CsA could not reduce the formation of formaldehyde by aminopyrine. Erythromycin, a competitor for the binding site of CsA on cytochrome P450, reduced MDA production by CsA, and CsA inhibited formaldehyde production by erythromycin. Interaction studies with SKF 525A, ketoconazole, superoxide dismutase, catalase, α-tocopherol, and reduced glutathione confirmed the role of cytochrome P450 and the presence of activated oxygen species as a source of microsomal peroxidation which in return may explain the inhibitory effect of CsA on cytochrome P450 itself.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 213 (2000), S. 127-135 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: cytochrome P450 3A9 ; steroid hormones ; progesterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The catalytic requirements and the role of P450 3A9, a female-specific isoform of CYP3A from rat brain, in the metabolism of several steroid hormones were studied using recombinant P450 3A9 protein. The optimal steroid hormone hydroxylase activities of P450 3A9 required cholate but not cytochrome b5. P450 3A9 was active in the hydroxylation reactions of testosterone, androstenedione, progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). No activity of P450 3A9 toward cortisol was detectable under our reconstitution conditions. Among all the steroid hormones examined, female-specific P450 3A9 seemed to catalyze most efficiently the metabolism of progesterone, one of the major female hormones, to form three mono-hydroxylated products, 6β-, 16α-, and 21-hydroxyprogesterone. Our data also showed that P450 3A9 can catalyze the formation of a dihydroxy product, 4-pregnen-6β, 21-diol-3, 20-dione, from progesterone with a turnover number, 1.3 nmol/min/nmol P450. Based on the Vmax/Km values for P450 3A9 using either 21-hydroxprogesterone or 6β-hydroxyprogesterone as a substrate, 4-pregnen-6β, 21-diol-3, 20-dione may be formed either by 6β-hydroxylation of 21-hydroxprogesterone or 21-hydroxylation of 6β-hydroxyprogesterone. As a major isoform of CYP3A expressed in rat brain, the activities of P450 3A9 toward two major neurosteroids, progesterone and DHEA suggested a possible role for P450 3A9 in the metabolism of neurosteroids.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 112 (1981), S. 547-552 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Complexes, lead(II) ; Ethylenedithiodiacetic aicd
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Komplexbildung zwischen Pb(II) und Ethylendithioessigsäure (H2 L) bei 25°C in wäßriger 0,5M-Perchloratlösung untersucht. Die Messungen wurden mittels Glaselektrode und Bleiamalgamelektrode durchgeführt. In saurem Medium können im untersuchten Konzentrationsbereich die experimentellen Daten mit folgenden Gleichgewichten erklärt werden: $$\begin{gathered} Pb^{2 + } + L^{2 - } \rightleftharpoons PbL log\beta _{101} = 3,62 \pm 0,03 \hfill \\ Pb^{2 + } + H^ + + L^{2 - } \rightleftharpoons PbHL^ + log\beta _{111} = 6,30 \pm 0,07 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$
    Notes: Abstract Complex formation between lead(II) and ethylenedithio diacetic acid (H2 L) has been studied at 25°C in aqueous 0.5M sodium perchlorate medium. Measurements have been carried out with a glass electrode and with a lead amalgam electrode. In acidic medium and in the investigated concentration range experimental data can be explained by assuming the following equilibria: $$\begin{gathered} Pb^{2 + } + L^{2 - } \rightleftharpoons PbL log\beta _{101} = 3.62 \pm 0.03 \hfill \\ Pb^{2 + } + H^ + + L^{2 - } \rightleftharpoons PbHL^ - log\beta _{111} = 6.30 \pm 0.07 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:27.40+z 39 ≤ A ≤ 58 – 21.10.Tg Lifetimes – 21.60.Cs Shell model – 21.60.Ev Collective models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: High-spin states in 45Sc, 45Ti and 43Ca were studied by means of multiple γ- and γ-recoil-coincidences with the use of the GASP array and the Recoil Mass Spectrometer. The nuclei were populated in the 60 MeV 18O +30Si reaction. For the DSAM lifetime measurement the 35Cl +12C reversed kinematics reaction was used. In the article, a complete description of the experimental techniques used in course of the performed experiments is presented. The level schemes and the detailed information on the observed state properties, including B(M1) and B(E2) transition rates are inserted as well as their shell model interpretation.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The highly sensitive GASP array at the INFN Legnaro Laboratory was used to study the $\gamma$ -ray de-excitation of neutron-rich nuclei produced in the deep-inelastic processes which occur when 230 MeV 36S ions interact with a target of 176Yb. Yrast decay schemes were identified in over forty target-like fragments and in over twenty projectile-like fragments. Analysis of the data has resulted in extensions to the yrast decay sequences of the target-like species, 176Hf, 166Er, 172Yb, and 152Sm. New transitions have also been observed in a number of projectile-like species including 34P and 41Cl. Experimental results are compared with the results of shell model calculations.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Following the commissioning of the PRISMA large-acceptance spectrometer, installed at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), an international nuclear-structure collaboration has started to develop a large $\gamma$ -ray setup to be installed in the target position of the spectrometer. The array is based on the EUROBALL composite CLOVER detectors. In this contribution the CLOVER detector array is described and its expected performance figures discussed. This new setup, by using the high-intensity heavy-ion beams provided by the LNL ALPI linac, will push the study of nuclear structure towards moderately neutron-rich nuclei by means of quasi-elastic and deep inelastic reactions.
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