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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 42 (1977), S. 109-118 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phytoplankton production and associated variables were measured in Flax Pond, a 52 ha salt marsh on the north shore of Long Island, New York, from July 1972 to October 1973. Measurements made up to five times per day, once per week, yielded a mean annual net primary production, determined by the 14C technique, of 20.5 mg C/m3/h; daily means were as high as 60.0 mg C/m3/h. However, when productivity was calculated for the entire marsh ecosystem, the shallow water in the salt marsh produced only 11.7 g C/m2 of marsh/year. There was a net flux of phytoplankton from the coastal waters into the marsh; during the summer up to 0.2 g chlorophy 11/m2 of marsh was carried in with the tides daily and remained in the marsh. Analysis of the productivity data, as well as variables associated with productivity (pH, standing crop, nutrients, extinction coefficient), indicated that the aquatic portion of the marsh behaved more as a net consumer rather than a net producer of phytoplankton.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 89 (1988), S. 369-377 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the expression of the various cytokeralin (CK) polypeptides and vimentin in tissues of the human eye by applying immunocytochemical procedures using a panel of monoclonal antibodies as well as by performing biochemical analyses of microdissected tissues. Adult corneal epithelium was found to contain significant amounts of the cornea-specific CKs nos. 3 and 12 as well as CK no. 5, and several additional minor CK components. Among these last CKs, no. 19 was found to exhibit an irregular mosaiclike staining pattern in the peripheral zone of the corneal epithelium, while having a predominantly basal distribution in the limbal epithelium. Both the fetal corneal epithelium and the conjunctival epithelium were uniformly positive for CK no. 19. In the ciliary epithelium, co-expression of CKs nos. 8 and 18 and vimentin was detected, whereas in the retinal pigment epithelium, CKs nos. 8 and 18 were dominant. The present data illustrate the remarkable diversity and complexity of CK-polypeptide expression in the human eye, whose significance with respect to histogenetic and functional aspects is, as yet, only partially clear. The unusual distribution of CK no. 19 in different zones of the corneal epithelium may be related to the specific topography of corneal stem cells. The occurrence of the expression of simple-epithelium CKs in the ciliary and pigment epithelium demonstrates that, despite their neuroectodermal derivation, these are true epithelia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 183-192 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Horizontal resistance ; General resistance ; Vertical resistance ; Specific resistance ; Stability analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Experiments in which a series of host cultivars are inoculated in all combinations with a series of pathogen isolates have been used to detect specificity in the host resistance. A theoretical model of polygenic resistance involving both general and specific interactions with pathogen virulence was developed to test the abilities of statistical analyses to discriminate between host genotypes with different levels of general and specific resistance. Estimates of levels of specific resistance could be obtained in regressions of disease severity scores for each host cultivar X pathogen isolate combination vs. the virulence index of each isolate. If the virulence index was based on the mean disease severity induced by the isolate over all host cultivars, the slopes of the regression lines were correlated with the levels of specific resistance in host cultivars. If the virulence index was based on the disease severity induced by the isolate on a host cultivar with a minimum of specific resistance, the mean squares for deviations from the regression were correlated with the levels of specific resistance in host cultivars. A method was developed to consistently choose host cultivars with minimum specific resistance. The two regression analyses gave estimates of specificity in randomly generated, model genotypes of approximately equal accuracy, although the second method appeared to be more accurate when the numbers of loci controlling resistance and virulence were small. The best estimates of numbers of genes for specific resistance were obtained by calculating a rating based on mean disease severity, the mean square for deviation from the regression on the virulence index based on disease severity on the cultivar with minimum specific resistance and the slope of the regression on the virulence index based on the mean disease severity. The best estimates of proportions of resistance genes that were specific were obtained by calculating a rating based on the above deviation mean square and slope alone.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1989), S. 93-103 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study we have localized immunohistochemically the intermediate filament proteins of the human pituitary gland (adenohypophysis, pars intermedia and pars tuberalis) by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique or by double immunofluorescence methods and analysed the individual cytokeratin polypeptides using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We found that the expression of cytokeratins in different epithelial cells of the human anterior pituitary gland was heterogeneous. Whereas the endocrine cells only expressed cytokeratins 8 and 18, the folliculo-stellate cells exhibited a reactivity for cytokeratins 7, 8, 18 and 19 as well as for GFAP and vimentin. The squamous epithelial cells of the pars tuberalis and the Ratke's cysts showed a more complex cytokeratin pattern of both squamous and simple type. Whereas in many cystic epithelial cells including the “pseudo-follicles” a triple expression of cytokeratin, vimentin and GFAP could be observed, only some basal cells of squamous epithelial nests coexpressed cytokeratin and vimentin. The differences in the intermediate filament protein distribution are discussed in the light of embryological relationships of the different parts of the human pituitary gland.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 37 (1967), S. 192-205 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchung beruht auf 5jährigen Leistungsprüfungen (1958–1962), ausgeführt an zufälligen Stichproben aus kommerziellen Varietäten von Hühnern, die in Iowa auf Legeleistung gezüchtet wurden. In jedem Jahr wurden 15 oder 16 Varietäten von 15–20 Farmen auf Unterschiede in Legeleistung und anderen wirtschaftlich wichtigen Merkmalen untersucht. Die Varietäten wurden in zweifacher Wiederholung sowohl in zufallsverteilten Blocks als auch in Gitteranlagen geprüft. Die Daten wurden in Varianzkomponenten zerlegt, um die relative Bedeutung der Varietäten- und die der Varietäten ×-Farm-Interaktionsvarianz zu bestimmen. Das Verhältnis der Varietäten zur Gesamtvarianz war auf der Basis der Wiederholungsmittel für Eizahl, Stallmortalität, Körpergewicht der Adulten und Eigröße jeweils 0,33, 0,22, 0,26 und 0,42. Der geschätzte genetische Fortschritt in der Legeleistung war bei Verwendung der ertragreichsten unter den 16 getesteten Varietäten 11,5 Eier. Wenn die Selektion der Rasse auf einem Ertragsindex beruht, der mit Hilfe der multiplen Regression des erwarteten Einkommens auf die vier obigen Merkmale bestimmt wird, so ist zu erwarten, daß die geschätzte korrelierte Antwort in einer Steigerung der Eizahl um 11,7, einer Verminderung der Mortalität um 1,8%, einer Abnahme des Körpergewichts um 0,27 kg und einer Zunahme des Eigewichts um 6,5 g je Dutzend besteht. Eine Analyse des optimalen Einsatzes der Prüfverfahren auf maximalen genetischen Fortschritt zeigt, daß unter der Voraussetzung, daß etwa 160 Prüfglieder zur Verfügung stehen, ca. 40–80 Varietäten auf 2 bis 4 Farmen in einfacher Wiederholung getestet werden sollten.
    Notes: Summary Numerous quantitative genetic studies of yield of maize, conducted at North Carolina State University, are reviewed in order to provide a joint interpretation of the various kinds of evidence found. Estimates of variance components and the comparison of observed and expected response to selection have led to the following conclusions: 1. Sufficient additive genetic variance for yield exists within many locally adapted maize populations to permit improvement by selection. 2. Average dominance for genes affecting yield of ear corn is in the range of partial to complete. 3. Overdominance is not a prevalent source of genetic variation for yield. 4. Linkage disequilibrium can result in effects which mimic overdominance. These effects diminish with random mating. 5. Epistatic variance (i. e., genetic variance not accounted for by additive and dominance variances) is negligible in the varieties, Jarvis and Indian Chief, and in the F 1 hybrid. 6. Short term predictions of response to full-sib and to reciprocal selection, based on genetic theory and computed from reasonably precise estimates of variances, are reasonably reliable.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 269-279 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize ; Bipolaris maydis ; Colletotrichum graminicola ; quantitative disease resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ten inbred lines from the open-pollinated maize variety Jarvis were selected from 51 randomly collected lines to represent a wide range of susceptibility to one isolate each of Bipolaris maydis or Colletotrichum graminicola. Ten isolates of each pathogen were selected for a range of virulence on a maize line with average resistance. Resistance and virulence ratings were based on lengths of lesions that developed on leaves of greenhouse-grown seedlings inoculated with 5 μl droplets of suspensions of known spore concentrations. For each disease the ten maize lines were inoculated in all possible combinations with the ten pathogen isolates. The experiment was run six times with each pathogen. Analysis of variance for individual trials indicated a significant interaction between maize lines and B. maydis isolates in all six trials and between maize lines and C. graminicola isolates in four of six trials. For both diseases. the combined analysis over all six trials revealed no significant interaction. Apparently the expression of specificity in these host-pathogen interactions is variable.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Adipophilin ; Lipid droplets ; Fat-accumulating cells ; Lipid-binding protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report the human DNA and protein sequence of adipophilin and its association with the surface of lipid droplets. The amino acid sequence of human adipophilin has been determined by using cDNA clones from several tissues and confirmed by the reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction method and Edman sequencing. The open reading frame of adipophilin encodes a polypeptide with a calculated molecular weight of 48.1 kDa and an isoelectric point of 6.72. By immunofluorescence and electron-microscopic localization with newly raised specific poly- and monoclonal antibodies, we show that this protein is not restricted to adipocytes as previously indicated by studies of the mouse homologous protein, adipose-differentiation-related protein. Adipophilin occurs in a wide range of cultured cell lines, including fibroblasts and endothelial and epithelial cells. In tissues, however, expression of adipophilin is restricted to certain cell types, such as lactating mammary epithelial cells, adrenal cortex cells, Sertoli and Leydig cells of the male reproductive system, and steatosis or fatty change hepatocytes in alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Our results reveal adipophilin as a possible new marker for the identification of specialized differentiated cells containing lipid droplets and for diseases associated with fat-accumulating cells.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Adhering junctions ; Desmosomes ; Endothelial junctions ; Plaque proteins ; Desmoplakin ; Cadherins ; Protein ZO-1 ; Rat ; cell culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Two major types of plaque-bearing adhering junctions are commonly distinguished: the actin microfilament-anchoring adhaerens junctions (AJs) and the desmosomes anchoring intermediate-sized filaments (IFs). Both types of junction usually possess the common plaque protein, plakoglobin, whereas the other plaque proteins and the transmembrane cadherins are mutually exclusive. For example, AJs contain E-, N-, or P-cadherin in combination with α- and β-catenin, vinculin and α-actinin, whereas in desmosomes, desmogleins and desmocollins are associated with desmoplakin and one or several of the plakophilins (PP1–3). Here we describe a novel type of adhering junction comprising proteins of both AJs and desmosomes and the tight junction (TJ) plaque protein, ZO-1, in a newly established, liver-derived tumorigenic rat cell line (RMEC-1). By immunofluorescence microscopy, cell-cell contacts are characterized by mostly continuous-appearing lines which are usually resolved by electron microscopy as extended arrays of closely spaced small plaque subunits. These plaque-covered regions are positive for plakoglobin, α- and β-catenin, the arm-repeat protein p120, vinculin, desmoplakin and protein ZO-1. They are positive for E-cadherin in cultures early on in passaging, but tend to turn negative for all known cadherins in densely grown cultures. On immunoblotting SDS-PAGE-separated proteins from dense-grown cell monolayers, “pan-cadherin” antibodies have reacted with a band at ∼140 kDa, identified as N-cadherin by peptide fingerprinting of the immunoprecipitated protein, which for reasons not yet clear is modified or masked in immunolocalization experiments. The exact histological derivation of RMEC-1 cells is not known. However, the observations of several endothelial markers and the fact that all cells are rich in IFs containing vimentin and/or desmin, while only subpopulations also reveal IFs containing CKs 8 and 18, is suggestive of a mesenchymal, probably endothelial origin. We discuss the molecular relationship of this novel type of extended junction with other types of adhering junctions.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 151 (1993), S. 97-104 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; ammonium ; induction ; maize ; nitrate ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Experiments with two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids were conducted to determine (a) if the inhibition of nitrate uptake by aluminium involved a restriction in the induction (synthesis/assemblage) of nitrate transporters, and (b) if the magnitude of the inhibition was affected by the concurrent presence of ambient ammonium. At pH 4.5, the rate of nitrate uptake from 240 μM NH4NO3 was maximally inhibited by 100 μM aluminium, but there was little measurable effect on the rate of ammonium uptake. Presence of ambient aluminium did not eliminate the characteristic induction pattern of nitrate uptake upon first exposure of nitrogen-depleted seedlings to that ion. Removal of ambient aluminium after six hours of induction resulted in recovery within 30 minutes to rates of nitrate uptake that were similar to those of plants induced in absence of aluminium. Addition of aluminium to plants that had been induced in absence of aluminium rapidly restricted the rate of nitrate uptake to the level of plants that had been induced in the presence of aluminium. The data are interpreted as indicating that aluminium inhibited the activity of nitrate transporters to a greater extent than the induction of those transporters. When aluminium was added at initiation of induction, the effect of ambient ammonium on development of the inhibition by aluminium differed between the two hybrids. The responses indicate a complex interaction between the aluminium and ammonium components of high acidity soils in their influence on nitrate uptake. ei]{gnA C}{fnBorstlap}
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  • 10
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