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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 73 (1984), S. 701-734 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Lake Van is a lake with a volume of 607 km3 and a maximum depth of 451 m in a tectonically active zone in eastern Anatolia. It may be divided into three physiographic provinces: lacustrine shelf, sublacustrine slope and lake basin. The shelf is largely made up of submerged fluvial valleys and alluvial plains, as evidenced by the local occurrence of karst-like topography, buried, leveed river valleys and sediment wedges interpretable as relict deltas. The shelf and basinal deposits are characterized by an alternating succession of well-stratified and chaotically reflecting layers consisting of turbidites and slump deposits respectively. This thick sequence of unconsolidated to consolidated sediments is underlain by a Paleozoic metamorphic or Upper Cretaceous limestone basement. Holocene lake level fluctuations are highly correlatable with solar activity. Heat budget estimates imply a high geothermal gradient in the Van region. Because of winter convection, chemical composition of the lake water is homogeneous throughout the lake. Though they bring in waters of varying compositions, the rivers discharge a larger quantity of bicarbonate than alkaline earth metals. This soda-chemistry may be attributed to postvolcanic CO2-activity. The fine laminations of the sediments of Lake Van are interpreted as varves: a white carbonate layer is deposited in winter and a dark layer during the summer. Using these varves for age dating, the sedimentation rate during the Holocene may be determined. This varies between 40 and 90 cm/1000 years. The lake level was at its highest at 72 m above present at the height of the last ice age about 18,000 yr B. P. A dramatic drop to over 300 m below present occurred about 9500 yr B. P., with an equally dramatic rise around 6500 yr B. P. These sudden variations are attributed to the morphometric pattern of the lake, and they left distinctive imprints on the sedimentary, geochemical and pollen record.
    Abstract: Résumé Le Lac de Van a un volume de 607 km3 et une profondeur maximale de 451 m. Il est situé au milieu de volcans dans une zone tectoniquement active en Anatolie orientale. Trois zones physiographiques peuvent être distinguées: le shelf, le versant et le bassin du lac. Le shelf consiste pour la plus grande partie en anciennes vallées fluviales et en plaines alluviales avec topographie karstique bien marquée, en vallées fluviales enterrées et remblayées et des coins sédimentaires, qui peuvent être interprétés comme des débris deltaïques. Les dépôts sédimentaires du shelf et du bassin se caractérisent par des alternances de couches, les unes bien stratifiées, les autres chaotiques, faites de turbidites et de dépôts formés à la suite de glissements, au-dessous desquelles se trouvent des métamorphites paléozoïques et des calcaires formés au cours du Crétacé supérieur. Des oscillations récentes du niveau du lac peuvent être mises en relation avec des cycles de taches solaires. Des calculs de la capacité thermique supposent un gradient géothermique élevé dans la région de Van. A cause de la convection hivernale, la composition chimique de l'eau du lac est homogène dans l'ensemble du lac. Bien que les fleuves apportent des eaux de compositions variables, ils transportent une quantité plus grande de bicarbonate que les métaux alcalins. Ce chimisme sodique peut être attribué à une activité post-volcanique de l'anhydride carbonique. Les fines laminations des sédiments du Lac de Van sont interprétées comme varves: une couche carbonatique blanche est déposée en hiver, et une couche sombre en été. En utilisant ces varves comme moyen de datation on peut déterminer le taux de sédimentation prédominant au cours de l'Holocène. Celui-ci varie entre 40 et 90 cm par millénaire. Le plus haut niveau du lac s'est trouvé à 72 m au-dessus du niveau actuel, à l'apogée de la dernière glaciation qui eut lieu, il y a environ 18 000 ans. Un abaissement rapide à 300 m au-dessous du niveau actuel survint il y a 9500 ans, suivi d'une remontée aussi rapide il y a 6500 ans. Ces oscillations brusques sont attribuées à la condition morphométrique du lac en relation avec les changements climatiques consécutifs à la dernière glaciation. Elles ont laissé des empreintes caractéristiques sur les faciès sédimentaire, géochimique et pollinique.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Van-See hat ein Volumen von 607 km3 und eine maximale Wassertiefe von 451 m. Er liegt in einer tektonisch aktiven Zone und ist von Vulkanen umgeben. Drei physiographische Provinzen lassen sich ausscheiden: Schelf, Seeabhang und Seebecken. Der Schelf besteht weitgehend aus ehemaligen Flußtälern und alluvialen Ebenen mit ausgeprägter karstartiger Topographie, Deltaschüttungen und mäandrierenden Flußtälern. Schelf- und Beckensedimente setzen sich zusammen aus unverfestigten wechselnden Abfolgen von gut geschichteten und chaotischen Lagen, die ihrerseits von paläozoischen Metamorphiten und Oberkretazischen Kalken unterlagert sind. Rezente Seespiegelschwankungen sind mit Sonnenfleckenzyklen korrelierbar. Wärmekapazitätsberechnungen für das gesamte Wasservolumen sind nur durch die Annahme eines hohen geothermischen Wärmeflusses in der Van-Region zu deuten. Bedingt durch Winterkonvektion wird die Wassersäule gut durchmischt und chemisch einheitlich. Der hohe Sodagehalt des Sees ist aus postvulkanischen CO2-Emissionen abzuleiten. Sedimentkerne umfassen das gesamte Holozän, und eine ausgeprägte Warvenschichtung erlaubt eine genaue Datierung der Profile. Die Sedimentationsrate schwankt zwischen 40 und 90 cm pro 1000 Jahre. Der Seespiegel hatte seinen höchsten Stand mit 72 m über dem heutigen vor ca. 18 000 Jahren, also dem klimatischen Minimum der Weichseleiszeit. An der Wende Pleistozän-Holozän erfolgte eine schnelle Absenkung des Spiegels um ca. 300 m (∼ 9500 Jahre v. d. Gegenwart), um 3000 Jahre später, während des Atlantikums, in wenigen Jahrhunderten um 200 m wieder anzusteigen. Diese plötzlichen Ereignisse sind Ausdruck des morphometrischen Musters des Sees in Verbindung mit klimatischen Veränderungen im Gefolge deletzten Eiszeit. Die Sedimentfazies spiegelt diese Geschehnisse durch charakteristische sedimentologische, paläontologische oder geochemische Indikatoren wider.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 77 (1990), S. 426-427 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 83 (1996), S. 127-129 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 83 (1996), S. 127-129 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 242 (1992), S. 175-183 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Paraná ; biogeochemistry ; amino acids ; carbohydrates ; factor analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Particulate carbohydrates and particulate amino acids were determined in a set of samples from the Paraná River, Argentina, covering a stretch of over 1300 km. To gain an understanding of the factors which control the concentrations of these organic compounds, a multivariate statistical approach was used (R-mode varimax factor analysis). This technique separated the influence of various sources of organic matter. The floodplain of the middle reach (about 900 km long and 20–30 km wide) was the most significant source controlling the concentrations of particulate carbohydrates (PCH), providing angiosperm debris, phytoplankton and grasses. Particulate amino acids (PAA) concentrations were determined markedly both by contributions from the Paraguay basin, and the lotic and lentic environments of the floodplain. Sugars single out forested tributary basins as sources of bacteria while amino acids point toward the Paraguay River as a major source of biodegraded material; heterotrophic processes, however, appear more clearly depicted with PAA than with PCH. A downstream increase of the PCH/PAA ratio suggests a larger consumption of PAA in the lowermost reaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: heavy metals ; TNR ; stream sediments ; Suquía River
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Suquía is a semiarid (rainfall, 700-900 mm y-1), medium-size (7700 km2) riversystem located in central Argentina. Its mountainous upper catchment includes pristine areas aswell as a variety of human settlements and a reservoir lake. A large city (Córdoba, ca. 1.3million inhabitants) and a terminal hypersaline lake are included in the middle and lower basin.Total non-residual (TNR) heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, and Fe) have been determined inriver bed sediments in two seasons (spring and autumn), seeking to establish the factors whichcontrol the temporal and spatial variability. The major findings were: a) concentrations of TNRmetals were, in general, higher during springtime than during autumn, particularly downstreamfrom the city of Córdoba; b) organic matter played a significant role as a controlling factorwherever it defined reducing conditions, lowering the concentrations of Mn and Fe hydrousoxides; c) a higher organic load (e.g., downstream the city) and more pronounced reducingconditions could be the causes for the increased Fe concentration, probably precipitated assulfides; d) organic matter exhibited a closer correlation with some TNR metals in autumn,probably caused by a larger capacity for complexation in the biologically-processed organicdebris; and, e) the existence of pristine areas in the drainage basin allowed for the calculation ofenrichment factors (EF) which show the significance of several environmental impacts in theSuquía system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: heavy metals ; TNR ; stream sediments ; Suquía River
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Suquía is a semiarid (rainfall, 700–900 mm y−1), medium-size (7700 km2) river system located in central Argentina. Its mountainous upper catchment includes pristine areas as well as a variety of human settlements and a reservoir lake. A large city (Córdoba, ca. 1.3 million inhabitants) and a terminal hypersaline lake are included in the middle and lower basin. Total non-residual (TNR) heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, and Fe) have been determined in river bed sediments in two seasons (spring and autumn), seeking to establish the factors which control the temporal and spatial variability. The major findings were: a) concentrations of TNR metals were, in general, higher during springtime than during autumn, particularly downstream from the city of Córdoba; b) organic matter played a significant role as a controlling factor wherever it defined reducing conditions, lowering the concentrations of Mn and Fe hydrous oxides; c) a higher organic load (e.g., downstream the city) and more pronounced reducing conditions could be the causes for the increased Fe concentration, probably precipitated as sulfides; d) organic matter exhibited a closer correlation with some TNR metals in autumn, probably caused by a larger capacity for complexation in the biologically-processed organic debris; and, e) the existence of pristine areas in the drainage basin allowed for the calculation of enrichment factors (EF) which show the significance of several environmental impacts in the Suquía system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-08-29
    Print ISSN: 0009-5893
    Electronic ISSN: 1612-1112
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1992-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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