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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GeoJournal 11 (1985), S. 284-286 
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 24 (1971), S. 193-209 
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary First, a general solution of the linearized equations of motion on the non-rotating globe is given for velocity, pressure and density, by means of which it is possible to describe the field of motion which is generated by an arbitrary air pressure disturbanceP 0 (x, t) in an exponentially stratified sea with plane bottom, if the spectrum of frequency and wavenumber of the disturbance is known. Then, air pressure fields occurring periodically with regard to time, are dealt with and it is shown that, with a continuous wavenumber spectrum, free internal waves are generated, the vertical velocity maximum of which are in the inner part of the ocean, whereas, when generated by a discrete wavenumber spectrum, mere forced internal waves occur, having the phase velocity of the disturbance. Therefore, it is possible that also waves might be generated, the maximum amplitudes of which are near the surface. If the phase velocity of the generating power is equal to the phase velocity of a possible free wave (case of resonance) they are in the inner part of the fluid, as for free internal waves the surface in the 1st approximation is to be considered as rigid. With a view to laboratory tests, it is finally shown that, theoretically, in rectangular narrow basins not only internal eigen-oscillations are possible but also, with appropriate generating frequencies, oscillations that are limited to characteristic stripes. This explains the variations of the surface of the water in the area of generation which were observed during the experiment. The results can, above all, be applied when making and interpreting laboratory tests with internal waves.
    Abstract: Résumé On commence par donner une solution générale des équations linéarisées pour la vitesse, pression et densité sur la terre non en rotation. Il devient alors possible de décrire le champ de mouvement provoqué par une perturbation quelconque de la pression atmosphériqueP 0 (x, t) dans une mer stratifiée exponentiellement, à fond plat, si l'on connaît le spectre de fréquence et du nombre d'ondes de cette perturbation. On considère alors spécialement des champs de pression atmosphérique périodiques en fonction du temps et on montre que pour un spectre de nombre d'ondes continu il se produit des ondes internes libres dont les maxima de vitesse verticale se trouvent à l'intérieur de la mer tandis que si ce spectre est discontinu il se forme simplement des ondes internes qui ont la vitesse de phase de la perturbation. Il est donc possible de provoquer des ondes dont les amplitudes maximales se trouvent au voisinage de la surface. Si la vitesse de phase de la force perturbante égale la vitesse de phase d'une onde libre éventuelle (cas de résonance), les ondes se trouvent à l'intérieur du liquide puisque pour des ondes internes libres on peut, en première approximation, considérer que la surface est ridige. On montre, pour finir, que d'après des expériences en laboratoire, dans un bassin rectangulaire étroit, il peut se produire théoriquement, non seulement des systèmes d'ondes internes propres, mais encore, en cas de fréquence de perturbation adéquate, des systèmes d'ondes limités à des bandes caractérisées. On trouve ainsi une explication des oscillations de la surface de l'eau observées au cours des expériences dans le domaine de la perturbation. Les résultats peuvent avoir leur utilité en particulier pour l'exécution et l'interprétation d'expériences de laboratoire avec des ondes internes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird zunächst eine allgemeine Lösung der linearisierten Bewegungsgleichungen auf der nichtrotierenden Erde für Geschwindigkeit, Druck und Dichte angegeben, anhand derer es möglich ist, das Bewegungsfeld, das durch eine beliebige LuftdruckstörungP 0 (x, t) in einem exponentiell geschichteten Meer mit ebenem Boden hervorgerufen wird, zu beschreiben, wenn das Frequenz- und Wellenzahlspektrum der Störung bekannt ist. Danach wird speziell auf zeitlich periodische Luftdruckfelder eingegangen und gezeigt, daß bei kontinuierlichem Wellenzahlspektrum freie interne Wellen angeregt werden, deren Vertikalgeschwindigkeitsmaxima im Inneren des Meeres liegen, während bei Anregung mit diskretem Störung besitzen. Deshalb ist es möglich, daß auch Wellen angeregt werden, deren maximale Amplituden in Oberflächennähe liegen. Ist die Phasengeschwindigkeit der anregenden Kraft gleich der Phasengeschwindigkeit einer möglichen freien Welle (Resonanzfall), so liegen sie im Inneren der Flüssigkeit, da für freie interne Wellen die Oberfläche in 1. Näherung als starr anzusehen ist. Im Hinblick auf Laborversuche wird zum Abschluß gezeigt, daß in rechteckigen schmalen Becken theoretisch nicht nur interne Eigenschwingungen sondern bei geeigneten Erregerfrequenzen auch Schwingungen, die auf charakteristische Streifen beschränkt bleiben, möglich sind. Dabei ergibt sich eine Erklärung für die im Experiment beobachteten Schwankungen der Wasseroberfläche im Anregungsbereich. Die Ergebnisse können insbesondere bei der Durchführung und Interpretation von Laborversuchen mit internen Wellen Anwendung finden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1971-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0012-0308
    Electronic ISSN: 1616-7228
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2007-02-24
    Print ISSN: 1616-7341
    Electronic ISSN: 1616-7228
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-02-07
    Description: In spite of the fundamental role the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays for global climate stability, no direct current measurement of the Denmark Strait Overflow, which is the densest part of the AMOC, has been available until recently that resolve the cross-stream structure at the sill for long periods. Since 1999, an array of bottom-mounted acoustic instruments measuring current velocity and bottom-to-surface acoustic travel times was deployed at the sill. Here, the optimization of the array configuration based on a numerical overflow model is discussed. The simulation proves that more than 80% of the dense water transport variability is captured by two to three acoustic current profilers (ADCPs). The results are compared with time series from ADCPs and Inverted Echo Sounders deployed from 1999 to 2003, confirming that the dense overflow plume can be reliably measured by bottom-mounted instruments and that the overflow is largely geostrophically balanced at the sill.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Unknown
    Springer
    In:  In: Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Fluxes. , ed. by Dickson, R. R., Meincke, J. and Rhines, P. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 527-549. ISBN 978-1-4020-6773-0
    Publication Date: 2015-09-23
    Description: The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is part of a global redistribution system in the ocean that carries vast amounts of mass, heat, and freshwater. Within the AMOC, water mass transformations in the Nordic Seas (NS) and the overflows across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge (GSR) contribute significantly to the overturning mass transport. The deep NS are separated by the GSR from direct exchange with the subpolar North Atlantic. Two deeper passages, Denmark Strait (DS, sill depth 630 m) and Faroe Bank Channel (FBC, sill depth 840 m), constrain the deep outflow. The outflow transports are assumed to be governed by hydraulic control (Whitehead 1989, 1998). According to the circulation scheme by Dickson and Brown (1994), there is an overflow of 2.9 Sv (1 Sv = 1 Sverdrup = 106 m3 s–1) through DS, 1.7 Sv through FBC and another 1 Sv from flow across the Iceland%Faroe Ridge (IFR). To the south of the GSR, the overflows sink to depth and then spread along the topography, eventually merging to form a deep boundary current in the western Irminger Sea. During the descent, the dense bottom water flow doubles its volume by entrainment of ambient waters (e.g. Price and Baringer 1994) so that there is a deep water transport of 13.3 Sv once the boundary current reaches Cape Farvel (Dickson and Brown 1994). Thus the overflows and the overflow-related part of the AMOC account for more than 70% of the maximum total overturning, which is estimated from observations to be about 18 Sv (e.g. Macdonald 1998)
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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