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  • 1
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    Nitrogen and Tillage Management Affect Corn Cellulosic Yield, Composition, and Ethanol Potential (2015)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-13
    Print ISSN: 1939-1234
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-1242
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model-based estimation techniques for 3-D reconstruction from projections (1988)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 1 (1988), S. 115-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: 3D tomography ; incomplete projections ; Bayesian estimation ; stochastic modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A parametric estimation approach to reconstruction from projections with incomplete and very noisy data is described. Embedding prior knowledge about “objects” in the probed domain and about the data acquisition process into stochastic dynamic models, we transform the reconstruction problem into a computationally challenging nonlinear state-estimation problem, where the objects' parametrized descriptions are to be directly estimated from the projection data. This paper is a review in a common framework and a comparative study of two distinct algorithms which were developed recently for the solution of this problem. The first, is an approximate, globally optimal minimum-meansquare-error recursive algorithm. The second is a hierarchical suboptimal Bayesian algorithm. Simulation examples demonstrate accurate reconstructions with as few as four views in a 135∘ sector, at an average signal to noise ratio of 0.6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212276
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conservation of Surfactant Protein A: Evidence for a Single Origin for Vertebrate Pulmonary Surfactant (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 46 (1998), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Pulmonary surfactant — Surfactant protein A — Evolution — Vertebrate — Airbreathing — Surface tension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Surface tension is reduced at the air–liquid interface in the lung by a mixture of lipids and proteins termed pulmonary surfactant. This study is the first to provide evidence for the presence of a surfactant-specific protein (Surfactant Protein A—SP-A) in the gas-holding structures of representatives of all the major vertebrate groups. Western blot analysis demonstrated cross-reactivity between an antihuman SP-A antibody and material lavaged from lungs or swimbladders of members from all vertebrate groups. Immunocytochemistry localized this SP-A–like protein to the air spaces of lungs from the actinopterygiian fish and lungfish. Northern blot analysis indicated that regions of the mouse SP-A cDNA sequence are complementary to lung mRNA from all species examined. The presence of an SP-A–like protein and SP-A mRNA in members of all the major vertebrate groups implies that the surfactant system had a single evolutionary origin in the vertebrates. Moreover, the evolution of the surfactant system must have been a prerequisite for the evolution of airbreathing. The presence of SP-A in the goldfish swimbladder demonstrates a role for the surfactant system in an organ that is no longer used for airbreathing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006287
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraretinal light perception in the sparrow IV. Further evidence that the eyes do not participate in photoperiodic photoreception (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 97 (1975), S. 205-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Photoperiodic testicular growth in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) exposed to long days (16 hrs) of orange-red light ({ie205-01}600 nm) is exclusively controlled by extraretinal photoreceptors in the brain; the eyes are not involved. Careful reconsideration of previously published data from this and other bird species does not support a role for the eyes in photoperiodically significant photoreception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617543
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signaling to a B-cell clone by Ek, but not Ak, does not reflect alteration of A k genes (1988)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 28 (1988), S. 184-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mouse B-cell clone, CH12.LX (Iak, Ly-1+, μ+, δ+), can be induced to differentiate and secrete antibody in an antigen-specific, H-2-restricted manner. Induction requires two signals. One must be provided by the binding of specific antigen to the membrane IgM; the other is delivered by the binding of Ek-specific T-cell hybridomas to the Ek molecules of CH12.LX (Bishop and Haughton 1986). Previous studies demonstrated that Ek-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could substitute for T cells in delivering the second differentiative signal (Bishop and Haughton 1986). Although CH12.LX cells present Ak to Ak-restricted or alloreactive T-helper cells, neither T cells nor mAbs specific for Ak induce differentiation (Bishop and Haughton 1986). However, since the Akspecifc mAbs tested previously were β-chain-specific and the Ia epitope specificity of the T cells used was unknown, it is possible that the differentiative signal delivered to the CH12.LX class 11 molecule is chain-specific. Here we report the effects of ten additional Iak-specific mAbs upon the differentiation of CH12.LX. In addition, a cl)NA library was prepared from CHI 2.LX cells, clones corresponding to the α and β chains of the Ak molecule were isolated, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Finally, the Ak and Ek molecules of CH12.LX and H-2k spleen cells were compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to examine possible post-translational differences in the Iak molecules of CH12.LX.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375858
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    H-2 effects on cell-cell interactions in the response to single non-H-2 alloantigens (1980)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 10 (1980), S. 211-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immune response (Ir) genes mapping in theI region of the mouseH-2 complex appear to regulate specifically the presentation of a number of antigens by macrophages to proliferating T cells. We have investigated the possibility that similarIr genes mapping in theH-2K andH-2D regions specifically regulate the presentation of target antigens to cytotoxic effector T cells. We report that the susceptibility of targets expressing specific non-H-2 H alloantigens to lysis by H-2-compatible, H-antigen-specific cytotoxic effector T cells is controlled by polymorphicH-2K/D genes. This control of susceptibility to lysis is accomplished through what we have defined operationally as antigen-specific regulation of non-H-2 H antigen immunogenicity. High immunogenicity of the H-4.2 alloantigen is determined by a gene mapping in theH-2K region ofH-2 b . However, high immunogenicity of H-7.1 is determined by a gene mapping in theH-2D region ofH-2 b . High immunogenicity of the H-3.1 alloantigen is determined by genes mapping in both theH-2K andH-2D regions ofH-2 b . Therefore, genes mapping in theH-2K andH-2D regions serve a function in presenting antigen to cytotoxic effector T cells. This function is analogous to that played byI-regionIr genes expressed in macrophages which present antigen to proliferating T cells. We present arguments for classification of theseH-2K/D genes as a second system ofIr genes and discuss the implications of twoH-2-linkedIr-gene systems, their possible functions, and their evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01561570
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain Ia antigens have a bone marrow origin (1983)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 17 (1983), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our results, using radiation-induced bone marrow chimeras, demonstrate that the la antigen found in the brains of such animals is produced by cells having precursors in the bone marrow. These cells are not immediately blood borne since no IgM is detected in these brains. This rules out the obvious possibility of B-lymphocyte contamination as the source of la in the brain cell preparations. It thus appears that the central nervous system, like many other nonlymphoid organs, has a source of Ia-positive cells that are derived from bone marrow precursors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364413
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal antibodies reactive with H-2 determinants (1983)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 18 (1983), S. 541-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364395
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of epitopes on human and nonhuman primate lymphocyte cell surface antigens (1983)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 18 (1983), S. 599-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The T- and B-cell surface polypeptides detected by an international workshop panel of 100 mouse monoclonal antibodies (M.Ab) were biochemically defined by radioimmunoprecipitation. Eight T-cell-associated molecules and eight B-cell-associated molecules were identified by multiple antibodies in the panel. Clusters of antibodies specific for the same polypeptide were then compared for their reactivity against peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 11 nonhuman primate species. All the major T- and B-cell antigens present in humans were also expressed in some nonhuman primates. M.Ab to the same antigen were found to react with distinct epitope groups that differed in their phylogenetic distribution. Some epitopes were highly conserved, while other epitopes on the same molecule were only expressed in hominoids and were not detected in old world and new world monkeys. Our detailed analysis of the phylogeny of 37 T-cell antigen epitopes on ten different molecules revealed there was no clear correspondence between the number of epitopes shared and evolutionary distance. Rather the data suggest that parallelism with back mutation may be a common mechanism in the evolution of T-cell antigens. The data also show that the tissue distribution of T-cell antigens can differ between primate species; for example, M.Ab to human Tp45 Tla-Qa-like antigens that did not react with human PBMC did react with PBMC from new world monkeys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345968
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic cell variants of H-2k: b: A point mutation in the first extracellular domain results in altered immune recognition (1986)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 24 (1986), S. 381-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A cell-surface-associated variant H-2K product was expressed by an Abelson virus-induced pre-B-cell line after chemical mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate. The variant cell line (R8.313) was previously demonstrated to have altered allodeterminants in Kb as demonstrated by both Kb-specific monoclonal antibody binding and alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cytolysis. The mutant H-2K b gene from R8.313 was cloned and characterized in detail. DNA sequence analysis of the region of the gene corresponding to the three extracellular domains identified a single point mutation resulting in a leucine-to-phenylalanine substitution at amino acid residue 82. The site of mutation within the α1 domain was confirmed by oligonucleotide hybridization analysis. Mouse L-cell fibroblasts transfected with the mutant gene were recognized with the same monoclonal antibody binding and CTL lytic pattern as the R8.313 cell line, confirming that the altered phenotype of the mutant cell line was due to a point mutation in the H-2K b gene. These data further extend the hypothesis that the region of amino acid residues 70–90 in the α1 domain is important in the formation of both antibody and CTL-defined recognition structures on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377956
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