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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geomagnetic control of polar mesosphere summer echoes (2000)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 18 (2000), S. 202-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (auroral ionosphere) ; Magnetospheric physics (energetic particles, precipitating) ; Radio science (remote sensing)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using observations with the ALOMAR SOUSY radar near Andenes (69.3°N, 16.0°E) from 1994 until 1997 polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) have been investigated in dependence on geomagnetic K indices derived at the Auroral Observatory Tromsø (69.66°N, 18.94°E). During night-time and morning hours a significant correlation between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the radar results and the geomagnetic K indices could be detected with a maximum correlation near midnight. The correlation becomes markedly smaller in the afternoon and early evening hours with a minimum near 17 UT. This diurnal variation is in reasonable agreement with riometer absorption at Ivalo (68.55°N, 27.28°E) and can be explained by the diurnal variation of ionization due to precipitating high energetic particles. Therefore, a part of the diurnal PMSE variation is caused by this particle precipitation. The variability of the solar EUV variation, however, has no significant influence on the PMSE during the observation period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0202-z
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superposed epoch analysis applied to large-amplitude travelling convection vortices (1998)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 16 (1998), S. 743-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (Aural ionosphere; Ionospheremagnetosphere interactions) ; Magnetospheric Physics (current system)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract For the six months from 1 October 1993 to 1 April 1994 the recordings of the IMAGE magnetometer network have been surveyed in a search for largeamplitude travelling convection vortices (TCVs). The restriction to large amplitudes (〉100 nT) was chosen to ensure a proper detection of evens also during times of high activity. Readings of all stations of the northern half of the IMAGE network were employed to check the consistency of the ground signature with the notation of a dual-vortex structure moving in an azimuthal direction. Applying these stringent selection criteria we detected a total of 19 clear TCV events. The statistical properties of our selection resemble the expected characteristics of large-amplitude TCVs. New and unexpected results emerged from the superposed epoch analysis. TCVs tend to form during quiet intervals embedded in moderately active periods. The occurrence of events is not randomly distributed but rather shows a clustering around a few days. These clusters recur once or twice every 27 days. Within a storm cycle they show up five to seven days after the commencement. With regard to solar wind conditions, we see the events occurring in the middle of the IMF sector structure. Large-amplitude TCVs seem to require certain conditions to make solar wind transients ‘geoeffective’, which have the tendency to recur with the solar rotation period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0743-0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences among various class I molecules in competition for β2m in vivo (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 43 (1996), S. 384-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050079
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cleavage of dimethylsulfoniopropionate and reduction of acrylate by Desulfovibrio acrylicus sp. nov. (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 166 (1996), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Dimethylsulfoniopropionate ; Dimethylsulfide ; Acrylate ; Anaerobic respiration ; Sulfate-reducing bacterium ; Desulfovibrio acrylicus sp. nov.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From anoxic intertidal sediment, a dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)-cleaving anaerobe (strain W218) was isolated that reduced the acrylate formed to propionate. The bacterium was vibrio- to rod-shaped and motile by means of multiple polar flagella. It reduced sulfate, thiosulfate, and acrylate, and used lactate, fumarate, succinate, malate, pyruvate, ethanol, propanol, glycerol, glycine, serine, alanine, cysteine, hydrogen, and formate as electron donors. Sulfate and acrylate were reduced simultaneously; growth with sulfate was faster than with acrylate. Extracts of cells grown in the presence of DMSP contained high DMSP lyase activities (9.8 U/mg protein). The DNA mol% G+C was 45.1. On the basis of its characteristics and the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain W218 was assigned to a new Desulfovibrio species for which the name Desulfovibrio acrylicus is proposed. A variety of other sulfate-reducing bacteria (eight of them originating from a marine or saline environment and five from other environments) did not reduce acrylate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050363
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycerol and dihydroxyacetone dissimilation in Desulfovibrio strains (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 147 (1987), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Desulfovibrio ; Glycerol dissimilation ; Glycerol kinase ; Dissimilatory sulfate reduction ; NADH dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During growth on glycerol two marine Desulfovibrio strains that can grow on an unusually broad range of substrates contained high activities of glycerol kinase, NAD(P)-independent glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the other enzymes necessary for the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to pyruvate. Glycerol dehydrogenase and a specific dihydroxyacetone kinase were absent. During growth on dihydroxyacetone, glycerol kinase is involved in the initial conversion of this compound to dihydroxyacetone phosphate which is then further metabolized. Some kinetic properties of the partially purified glycerol kinase were determined. The role of NAD as electron carrier in the energy metabolism during growth of these strains on glycerol and dihydroxyacetone is discussed. Glycerol also supported growth of three out of four ‘classical’ Desulfovibrio strains tested. D. vulgaris strain Hildenborough grew slowly on glycerol and contained glycerol kinase, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and enzymes for the dissimilation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate. In D. gigas which did not grow on glycerol the enzymes glycerol kinase and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase were absent in lactate-grown cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00463484
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of APS reductase and bisulfite reductase in three Desulfovibrio species (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 150 (1988), S. 296-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Desulfovibrio ; Dissimilatory sulfate reduction ; APS reductase ; Bisulfite reductase ; Enzyme localization ; Immunogold labeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The localization of APS reductase and bisulfite reductase in Desulfovibrio gigas, D. vulgaris Hildenborough and D. thermophilus was studied by immunoelectron microscopy. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the purified enzymes from each strain. Cells fixed with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde were embedded and ultrathin sections were incubated with antibodies and subsequently labeled with protein A-gold. The bisulfite reductase in all three strains and APS reductase in d. gigas and D. vulgaris were found in the cytoplasm. The labeling of d. thermophilus with APS reductase antibodies resulted in a distribution of gold particles over the cytoplasmic membrane region. The localization of the two enzymes is discussed with respect to the mechanism and energetics of dissimilatory sulfate reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407795
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic degradation of betaine by marine Desulfobacterium strains (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 152 (1989), S. 393-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Betaine ; Desulfobacterium strains ; N,N-dimethylglycine ; Sulfate-reducing bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From enrichment cultures with betaine (20 mM) and sulfate (20 mM) as the substrates and intertidal mud as an inoculum, a betaine-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacterium (strain PM4) was isolated. Strain PM4 was an oval to rod-shaped, Gram-negative, motile bacterium, which was able to oxidize lactate completely to CO2 and contained, during growth on betaine and sulfate, high activities of key enzymes of the acetyl CoA/CO dehydrogenase pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase), but not of 2-oxo-glutarate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme of the citric acid cycle. On the basis of its morphological and physiological characteristics, strain PM4 was identified as a Desulfobacterium strain. Desulfobacterium PM4 grew on betaine with a doubling time of approximately 20 h at 30°C and produced N, N-dimethylglycine (in a 1:1 ratio) and sulfide as products. In this type of betaine metabolism one of the methyl groups of betaine is oxidized to CO2 and the reducing equivalents generated are used for the reduction of sulfate. Desulfobacterium autotrophicum (DSM 3382) grew also on betaine and sulfate with the formation of N,N-dimethylglycine, sulfide and CO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425179
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of tungstate on the growth of Desulfovibrio gigas NCIMB 9332 and other sulfate-reducing bacteria with ethanol as a substrate (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words     Desulfovibrio gigas ; Dissimilatory sulfate reduction ; Tungstate-stimulated growth ; Aldehyde ; dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract      Growth of Desulfovibrio gigas NCIMB 9332 in mineral, vitamin-supplemented media with ethanol as substrate was strongly stimulated by the addition of tungstate (optimal level approximately 10–7 M). At suboptimal tungstate concentrations, up to 1.0 mM acetaldehyde was detected in the culture supernatant and growth was slow. Omission of both tungstate and molybdate from the media prevented growth and ethanol utilization. Tungstate-deprived cultures that were grown on lactate had much lower aldehyde dehydrogenase (benzylviologen as acceptor; BV-AlDH) levels than tungstate-supplemented cultures. These data suggest that tungstate is required for the synthesis of active BV-AlDH. The characteristics of the enzyme activities in cell-free extracts show that the BV-AlDH activity present in tungstate-supplemented cultures is not due to the recently characterized molybdenum-containing aldehyde dehydrogenase of D. gigas. Out of 13 other strains of ethanol-oxidizing, gram-negative, sulfate-reducing bacteria tested, most strains grew well with either tungstate or molybdate supplementation. In contrast to a recent report, good growth on ethanol of two D. baculatus (Desulfomicrobium) strains (DSM 1741 and DSM 1743) was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050116
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of an alcohol dehydrogenase from 1,2-propanediol-grown Desulfovibrio strain HDv (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 164 (1995), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsDesulfovibrio strain HDv ; Dissimilatory sulfate reduction ; Alcohol dehydrogenase ; 1 ; 2-Propanediol dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio strain HDv (DSM 6830) grew faster on (S)- and on (R, S)-1,2-propanediol (μmax 0.053 h–1) than on (R)-propanediol (0.017 h–1) and ethanol (0.027 h–1). From (R, S)-1,2-propanediol-grown cells, an alcohol dehydrogenase was purified. The enzyme was oxygen-labile, NAD-dependent, and decameric; the subunit mol. mass was 48 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequence indicated similarity to alcohol dehydrogenases belonging to family III of NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, the first 21 N-terminal amino acids being identical to those of the Desulfovibrio gigas alcohol dehydrogenase. Best substrates were ethanol and propanol (K m of 0.48 and 0.33 mM, respectively). (R, S)-1,2-Propanediol was a relatively poor substrate for the enzyme, but activities in cell extracts were high enough to account for the growth rate. The enzyme showed a preference for (S)-1,2-propanediol over (R)-1,2-propanediol. Antibodies raised against the alcohol dehydrogenase of D. gigas showed cross-reactivity with the alcohol dehydrogenase of Desulfovibrio strain HDv and with cell extracts of six other ethanol-grown sulfate-reducing bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050263
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetrahydrofolate serves as a methyl acceptor in the demethylation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in cell extracts of sulfate-reducing bacteria (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 169 (1997), S. 84-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Dimethylsulfoniopropionate ; Methylthiopropionate ; Sulfate-reducing bacteria ; Desulfobacterium ; Tetrahydrofolate ; Methyltransferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tetrahydrofolate was shown to function as a methyl acceptor in the anaerobic demethylation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate to methylthiopropionate in cell extracts of the sulfate-reducing bacterium strain WN. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate-dependent activities were 0.56 μmol methyltetrahydrofolate min–1 (mg protein)–1 and were higher than required to explain the growth rate of strain WN on dimethylsulfoniopropionate. The reaction did not require ATP or reductive activation by titanium(III)-nitrilotriacetic acid. Preincubation of the extract under air significantly decreased the activity (35% loss in 3 h). Three other dimethylsulfoniopropionate-demethylating sulfate reducers, Desulfobacterium niacini, Desulfobacterium vacuolatum, and Desulfobacterium strain PM4, had dimethylsulfoniopropionate:tetrahydrofolate methyltransferase activities of 0.16, 0.05, and 0.24 μmol min–1 (mg protein)–1, respectively. No methyltransferase activity to tetrahydrofolate was found with betaine as a substrate, not even in extracts of betaine-grown cells of these sulfate reducers. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate demethylation in cell extracts of strain WN was completely inhibited by 0.5 mM propyl iodide; in the light, the inhibition was far less strong, indicating involvement of a corrinoid-dependent methyltransferase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050545
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