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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between a peat carrier and bacterial seed treatments evaluated for biological control of the take-all diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 166-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Pseudomonas ; Disease predisposition ; Take-all ; Gaeumannomyces ; Seed treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field plots were established in Indiana, Oregon, and Montana to evaluate the potential for biological control of various strains of bacteria as seed treatments to reduce the severity of take-all root, crown, and foot rot of wheat. The bacteria were grown in liquid broth Cas-amino acid broth media, mixed with finely ground peat, and applied to seed with methyl cellulose as a glue just before planting in field soils conducive for severe take-all. Autoclave-sterilized peat (minus bacteria) seed treatments increased take-all, immobilized Mn, and reduced plant vigor and grain yields. These effects were intensified when the pH of the natural peat was adjusted from 5.2 to 7.0 with CaCO3. The ability of the bacterial strains to counteract this peat-induced predisposition to take-all varied, and was influenced by planting site, genetic tolerance of the cultivar, and N treatment. Although the strains differed in their ability to suppress the peat-induced take-all, none of the isolates fully nullified the deleterious effects of the peat carrier. It is clear from this study that the carrier used with potential biological-contol agents may have a greater influence on disease than the biological agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257761
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methyl bromide inhibits ripening and ethylene production in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) fruit (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 5 (1986), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Tomato fruit ripening and ethylene production were inhibited following treatment with methyl bromide (MB). Methyl bromide significantly delayed ripening initiation in mature-green (MG) fruit and retarded the rate of ripening of turning (T) fruit as measured by color development and flesh softening. Treatment with MB caused an initial transient burst of ethylene production, but the subsequent ripening-associated increase in ethylene was delayed. Ethylene treatment partially overcame MB inhibition in MG fruit but had no affect on T fruit. The inhibition of ethylene production by MB appears to be due to lack of formation of 1-aminocycloprone-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in MG fruit, whereas in T fruit lack of conversion of ACC to ethylene is indicated. A key feature of MB inhibition of ripening in tomato appears to be reduced sensitivity to ethylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027384
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of avocado (Persea americana) Cx-cellulase on the structural features of avocado cellulose (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 194 (1994), S. 573-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cellulose ; Cx cellulase ; Fruit (ripening, softening) ; Persea (fruit ripening)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit produce copious quantities of the enzyme Cx-cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) during ripening. The possibility that Cx-cellulase is able to disrupt cellulose microfibril oranization was investigated using molecular weight (Mr), x-ray diffraction, and ultrastructural analyses of cell walls from unripe avocado fruit incubated with the purified enzyme. Results indicate that Cx-cellulase causes a downshift in the Mr of unbranched cell-wall polymers in the Mr range of 106–107 Da. There is an increase in the proportion of crystalline cellulose, and cellulose fibrils appear to lose cohesiveness in response to enzyme activity. We propose that Cx-cellulase attacks avocado cellulose at accessible sites in the peripheral and integral noncrystalline regions of the microfibril, resulting in a loss of cohesiveness within the fibril structure and an alteration in the binding of associated cell-wall matrix polysaccharides. The initial loss of avocado mesocarp firmness during fruit ripening may be linked to the onset of Cx-cellulase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714472
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variance component estimation techniques compared for two mating designs with forest genetic architecture through computer simulation (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 236-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Minimum ; Norm ; Restricted ; Likelihood ; Half-diallel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Computer simulation was used to compare minimum variance quadratic estimation (MIVQUE), minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE), restricted maximum likelihood (REML), maximum likelihood (ML), and Henderson's Method 3 (HM3) on the basis of variance among estimates, mean square error (MSE), bias and probability of nearness for estimation of both individual variance components and three ratios of variance components. The investigation also compared three procedures for dealing with negative estimates and included the use of both individual observations and plot means as the experimental unit of the analysis. The structure of data simulated (field design, mating designs, genetic architecture and imbalance) represented typical analysis problems in quantitative forest genetics. Results of comparing the estimation techniques demonstrated that: estimates of probability of nearness did not discriminate among techniques; bias was discriminatory among procedures for dealing with negative estimates but not among estimation techniques (except ML); sampling variance among estimates was discriminatory among procedures for dealing with negative estimates, estimation techniques and unit of observation; and MSE provided no additional information to variance of the estimates. HM3 and REML were the closest competitors under these criteria; however, REML demonstrated greater robustness to imbalance. Of the three negative estimate procedures, two are of practical significance and guidelines for their application are presented. Estimates from individual observations were always preferable to those from plot means over the experimental levels of this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225903
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel avalanche opto-isolator (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 465-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624837
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trapping of excitation in the averageT-matrix approximation (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 30 (1983), S. 345-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: trapping ; donor-donor transfer ; donor-acceptor transfer ; averageT-matrix approximation ; diffusion ; random walk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the trapping of excitation by a random array of acceptor ions embedded in an assembly of donors. The problem is formulated in terms of coupled rate equations. Exact results for the fraction of excited donors are obtained in the zero and rapid donor-donor transfer limits for arbitrary ratios of the donor to trap concentration. The averageT-matrix approximation (ATA) is introduced to interpolate between these limits in situations where the concentration of traps is much less than the concentration of donor ions. In three-dimensional systems the ATA reproduces the results of earlier calculations in appropriate limits. The extension of the theory to higher trap concentration is discussed, as are problems connected with the application to one- and two-dimensional arrays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012308
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance studies of some antiferromagnetic Gd-monopnictides and Gd-monochalcogenides (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 26 (1977), S. 525-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the results of electron paramagnetic resonance studies of GdX (X=As, Sb, Bi, S, Se). The temperature dependence of the linewidth ΔH and effective g-factorg eff are discussed. Values for the Néel temperatureT N are inferred from coincident anomalies in ΔH andg eff. In the cases of X=S and Se, our estimates ofT N are significantly lower than theT N inferred from static susceptibility measurements. A possible source of the discrepancy is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00655425
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of disorder on the trapping of Frenkel excitons in three-dimensional systems (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 65 (1991), S. 1155-1159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Frenkel excitons ; three-dimensional systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A numerical study is made of the effect of disorder on the trapping of Frenkel excitons in three-dimensional systems atT=0 K. A Gaussian distribution of optical transition frequencies is assumed. The disorder enhances the decay of ak = 0 exciton created by pulsed optical excitation, but reduces the overall exciton trapping rate. An interpretation of the results in terms of increased exciton scattering and reduced exciton mobility is outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049604
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freezing Temperature in Dilute Ising Spin Glasses with Long-Range Interactions (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 90 (1998), S. 873-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Spin glasses ; long-range interactions ; freezing temperature ; localized and extended states
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The onset of spin-glass freezing in dilute Ising systems with long-range interactions is investigated with the use of numerical simulations. We show that taking pair correlations explicitly into account results in the renormalization of the interaction matrix and suppression of the density of localized states compared with conventional mean field theory. Application of the theory to the RKKY interaction in the dilute limit raises the question of the appropriate boundary eigenvalue of the effective interaction matrix that separates localized and extended states. We identify the onset of spin-glass freezing with the temperature T g at which this boundary eigenvalue is equal to one. Numerical simulations reproduces the linear concentration dependence of T g in the very dilute limit, in agreement with scaling relations, and show a significant improvement over the conventional mean-field theory in the value obtained for the freezing temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023237306231
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of ethylene production in developing strawberry fruit (1995)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 17 (1995), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Fragaria × ananassa ; ripening ; nonclimacteric ; respiration ; ethylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ethylene production, ACC content, and ACC oxidase activity were determined in strawberry fruit harvested at different stages of development and in fruit harvested green and developed in vitro in solutions containing sucrose. In fruit harvested at progressive stages of development from green through full ripe, ethylene production and ACC oxidase activity decreased whereas ACC content increased between the white and pink stages. Fruit detached at the green stage and developed to full ripe by immersion of the cut pedicel in sucrose solutions exhibited an increase in ACC content, decreased ethylene production, and no change in ACC oxidase activity. Detached green fruit provided with sucrose containing 0.5 mM silver (STS) had elevated ethylene production and more ACC oxidase activity than did fruit incubated without the silver salt. Green fruit provided with sucrose containing 1 mM ACC showed markedly increased ACC content, ACC oxidase activity, and ethylene production. These increases were noted following 4 days incubation in ACC, and were more pronounced after 11 days, at which time fruit of all treatments had attained a full-ripe stage of development. Calyx tissue exhibited more ACC oxidase activity, less ACC content, and similar ethylene production compared with receptacle tissue. ACC synthase could not be detected in fruit harvested at different developmental stages or in fruit detached and developed in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024492
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