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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nest re-use and communal nesting inMicrothurge corumbae (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), with special reference to nest defense (1992)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 39 (1992), S. 301-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Nest re-use ; communal nesting ; nest defense ; Microthurge corumbae ; Megachilidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Observations on the nesting activities ofMicrothurge corumbae, carried out at the University Campus of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, from 1977 to 1981, indicated that 61.9 % of nests were re-used by succeeding generations. Re-use by one generation was more frequent than by two generations, and re-use by a third was observed only once. Nests were re-used by one or several females. Single females were more frequently in the first re-use. In these cases nest re-use did not differ essentially from the solitary foundation of a new nest, except for the adoption of a pre-existing nest without excavation. In multifemale nests, analysis of relative age (wing wear), ovarian and spermathecal conditions of associated females and the content of nests at excavation indicated that the social pattern in such colonies is communal. There is some evidence that the associated females are relatives. The chalcidoid waspLeucospis was the principal nest parasite, and ants of the genusCrematogaster were nest predators. In multifemale nests, the rate of parasitism was significantly lower than in solitary nests, indicating that nest-sharing resulted in improved nest defense. On the other hand, the absence of predation on immatures of the first generation of M.commbae in multifemale nests suggests that such nests are also more resistant to attack by predators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01323950
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response ofPhloeotribus scarabaeoides (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) to ethylene in an olfactometer (1995)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 77-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Ethylene ; kairomone ; Phloeotribus scarabaeoides ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of ethylene, pure or in formulation, in the colonization behaviour of the olive bark beetle,Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) has been investigated in the laboratory. Ethylene has been found to be attractive in both sexes; the formulation ethrel 48 was active in an olfactometer up to several months. Ethylene, whose concentration varies with the developmental stage or the condition of the tree or its wood, may play an important role in the primary attraction of these scolytids to their host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964924
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of parent density on fecundity of two parasitoids [Hym.: Pteromalidae] of the olive beetle,Phloeotribus scarabaeoides [Col.: Scolytidae] (1991)
    Springer
    BioControl 36 (1991), S. 473-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: parasitoid rearing ; Cheiropachus quadrum ; Raphitelus maculatus ; biotic potential ; olive tree beetle ; élevage ; parasitoïde ; Cheiropachus quadrum ; Raphitelus maculatus ; potentialité biologique ; scolyte de l'olivier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons réalisé l'élevage des principaux parasitoïdes du scolyte de l'olivier,Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bernard, 1788) au Sud de l'Espagne:Cheiropachus quandrum (Fabricius, 1787) etRaphitelus maculatus Walker, 1834, en conditions contrôlées de laboratoire (22±2°C, 60±5% H.R. et photopériode 16L.: 8 D.), et nous avons testé différentes densités de population pour en connaître le comportement reproducteur, ce qui est très important pour obtenir un meilleur rendement de l'élevage. Les résultats de l'examen montrent l'existence d'une forte concurrence entre les individus du même sexe; chez la femelle cela implique une réduction de la fécondité, montrant une corrélation potentiellement négative avec la densité de population. Nous avons évalué les potentialités biologiques qui correspondent aux 2 principales espèces de parasitoïdes, avec et sans concurrence des ΦΦ par l'oviposition, et nous avons discuté les rapports entre la colonisation des sites d'infestation du scolyte de l'olivier et ses parasitoïdes.
    Notes: Abstract Under laboratory conditions (22±2°C, 60%±5% H.R.; and 16L.: 8D. photoperiod), the rearing of the 2 main parasitoids ofPhloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bernard, 1788) in Southern Spain:Cheiropachus quadrum (Fabricius, 1787) andRaphitelus maculatus Walker, 1834 (Hym.: Pteromalidae) has been carried out. Several densities of population of the parasitoids have been tested in order to determine their reproductive behaviour, and this is significant if the output of a rearing is to be increased. A great competition among the individuals of the same sex has been observed; in the case of the ΦΦ, a potential negative correlation with the increase of density of population, has been noted. The biotic potential belonging to the 2 principal parasitoids species with and without competition, are calculated, and the aspects concerning the parasitoid colonization of the olive tree beetle infestation spots, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374429
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of chemicals attractive to the olive bark beetle, Phloeotribus scarabaeoides, in laboratory bioassays (1998)
    Springer
    BioControl 43 (1998), S. 345-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: 2-methyl ketones ; aldehydes ; analysis ; attractants ; Coleoptera ; monoterpenes ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The semiochemical system of the olive bark beetle Phloeotribus scarabaeoides was investigated. During the course of their life-cycle, whole insects, excised hindguts, frass, wood and leaves were collected, from both the field and from a laboratory rearing system. Samples were analysed by capillary GC/MS, after solvent extraction, collection of air volatiles on a sorbent or solid sample injection. Olfactometer bioassays were used to test the different samples and individual compounds for attraction to both sexes. Decanal, undecanal, 2-decanone, 2-nonanone and 2-undecanone, as well as α- and β-pinene, were identified as attractive compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009931601673
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of breeding conditions on longevity and fecundity ofRaphitelus maculatus [Hym.: Pteromalidae] reared under standard laboratory conditions (1990)
    Springer
    BioControl 35 (1990), S. 411-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: parasitoids ; breeding conditions ; Raphitelus maculatus ; nourishment ; parasitoides ; conditions d'élevage ; Raphitelus maculatus ; alimentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Raphitelus maculatus Walker est un parasitoide fréquemment associé au scolyte de l'olivier,Phloeotribus scarabaeoides Bernard, qui hiverne dans les branches de l'olivier (Olea europea L.). Dans les conditions contrôlées de laboratoire (22 ± 2°C, 60% H.R. et photopériode 16L∶8.0.),R. maculatus complète son cycle larvaire en 17 jours environ, tandisqueP. scarabaeoides effectue son développement en 48 jours. On a étudié l'effet des conditions d'élevage sur la longévité des adultes et sur la fécondité des femelles et on a observé qu'elles sont très sensibles aux conditions alimentaires. La longévité varie selon la disponibilité en eau et en nourriture entre 2.65 et 14.95 jours chez les ♂♂, entre 5.04 et 15.57 jours chez les ♀♀. La fécondité (nombre moyen d'œufs déposés) varie entre 18.2/♀♀ sans nourriture et 44.5/♀♀ alimentée.
    Notes: Abstract The rearing ofRaphitelus maculatus Walker, which oviposits through the bark onto beetle larvae has been carry out under standard laboratory conditions of 22 ± 2°C, 60% R.H. and photoperiod 16L∶8D. The host (Phloeotribus scarabaeoides Bernard) has been reared by cutting fresh branches of living olive tree on which they overwinter as adults. The effect of several rearing conditions (feeding conditions) on longevity and fecundity has been tested. The time of parasitoid and host development as well as the periods of emergence from the infested cut branches has been determined. It has been noted that both longevity and fecundity are influenced by the feeding conditions, reaching toca. double value when parasitoids were fully fed. Under standard rearing conditionsR. maculatus completes its life cycle in 17–18 days depending on sex, whereasP. scarabaeoides takes about 48 days. Finally 3 emergence periods has been observed from which the 1st is the most important and the 3rd is always the less significantly one, provided that the emerging brood cannot oviposits easier than the parents due to a decrease on host larvae proportion as well as on parasitoid fecundity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375265
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved electrophoretic method for a screening program for haemoglobinopathies (1980)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 875-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method for a screening program for haemoglobinopathies in a starch agar gel mixed with saponin is presented. Normal and abnormal blood containing haemoglobins S, C, I, M Boston, D Punjab, beta thalassaemia major and beta thalassaemia minor, were applied, in a tray with the capacity for 100 samples. The electrophoresis was performed in 45 min using 300 V. This method offers special advantages for the examination of a large number of samples, using a small amount of whole blood and without the previous preparation of haemoglobin solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01978625
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A preliminary note on the relationship between the number of adultPrays oleae Bern. caught in pheromone traps and the resulting level of infestation (1981)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 1282-1283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Preliminary studies in Granada, Spain, have shown a highly significant correlation between the number of adult malePrays oleae caught in pheromone traps and the resulting level of infestation in all the 3 annual generations of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01948361
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of soil adhesion to radiocaesium uptake by leafy vegetables (1994)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 33 (1994), S. 373-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Goiânia accident, Brazil, was used as an opportunity to quantify the contributions of different mechanisms, in particular mass loading, leading to caesium uptake by leafy vegetables in a semi-urban environment contaminated with137Cs. Soil splash contributions of 70–90% were quantified for lettuce and 50–60% for green cole. Soil mass loadings of 130 and 340 mg · g−1 were estimated for lettuce and 120 and 150 mg · g−1 for green cole. The results call attention to the potential significant contribution of the soil splash to radionuclide uptake by plants which have the edible plant parts near the soil surface (within 30–40 cm) and low root uptake factors. For radiological assessment purposes it could also be necessary to consider the contamination of crops by this mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01210458
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of ethylene on primary attraction of the olive beetle,Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bern.) (Col., Scolytidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 723-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Primary attraction ; Scolytidae ; olive beetle ; Phloeotribus scarabaeoides ; ethylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two experiments have been carried out to verify the effect of ethylene on the primary attraction ofPhloeotribus scarabaeoides under both laboratory and field conditions. The experiments were based on the enhancement of ethylene production by olive branches and trunks after the application of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid. Under laboratory conditions, the beetles' response was strongly stimulated on the treated branches. Under field conditions, the treatment aided the location of the olive wood by the flying beetles, and the attack density was significantly greater in the treated wood at the end of the experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01925582
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between ambient humidity and ionic conductivity of poly(thionaphtheneindole): behaviour as an amperometric humidity sensor (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 27 (1997), S. 441-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrical characteristics of oxidized poly(thionaphtheneindole) were investigated as a function of ambient relative humidity (r.h.). The current flowing through a pressed pellet of material between two massive gold electrodes plotted against voltage gives a wave-shaped curve with a halfwave potential at V 〈$〉=〈$〉~3V. The current recorded at 4V (plateau of the wave) is a sigmoidal function of r.h. with the inflexion point at ~60%. An interpretation of these findings is given, based on the influence of water on the dielectric constant of the material and on acid–base equilibrium between poly(thionaphtheneindole) and water, from which protons are produced. The behaviour of poly (thionaphtheneindole) as the active component of an amperometric humidity sensor is also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018417821896
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