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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and partial characterization of a 31-kDa cysteine endopeptidase from germinated barley (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 199 (1996), S. 565-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Endopeptidase purification ; Germination ; Hordeum ; Malting ; Protein hydrolysis ; Storage protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Proteolytic enzymes hydrolyze cereal seed storage proteins into small peptides and amino acids, which are very important for seed germination and the malting process. A cysteine-class endopeptidase was purified from 4-d-germinated barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Morex). Four purification steps were used, carboxymethyl cellulose cation-exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing, size-exclusion chromatography, and electroelution from a polyacrylamide gel. The endopeptidase was most active at pH 4.5. It's isoelectric point (pI) was 4.4, as determined by isoelectric focusing, and it's SDS-PAGE molecular size was 31 kDa. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzed peptide bonds when the S2 site contained relatively large hydrophobic amino acids. The N-terminal amino acid sequence residues (1–9) of the 31-kDa endopeptidase had high homology to those of the EP-A and EP-B cysteine proteinases reported previously. The 31-kDa endopeptidase had a hydrolytic specificity similar to that of the Morex green malt 30-kDa endopeptidase we characterized previously, and also reacted with the antibody raised against the purified 30-kDa proteinase, but the two had different mobilities on non-denaturing PAGE. The hydrolytic specificities of both 30- and 31-kDa endopeptidases are such that both would very quickly cleave hordein (barley storage) proteins to small glutamine- and proline-rich peptides that could be quickly degraded to amino acids by barley exopeptidases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195188
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MUREX: a land-surface field experiment to study the annual cycle of the energy and water budgets (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 838-854 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Hydrology (evapotranspiration; soil moisture; water-energy interactions)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The MUREX (monitoring the usable soil reservoir experimentally) experiment was designed to provide continuous time series of field data over a long period, in order to improve and validate the Soil-vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) parameterisations employed in meteorological models. Intensive measurements were performed for more than three years over fallow farmland in southwestern France. To capture the main processes controlling land-atmosphere exchanges, the local climate was fully characterised, and surface water and energy fluxes, vegetation biomass, soil moisture profiles, surface soil moisture and surface and soil temperature were monitored. Additional physiological measurements were carried out during selected periods to describe the biological control of the fluxes. The MUREX data of 1995, 1996, and 1997 are presented. Four SVAT models are applied to the annual cycle of 1995. In general, they succeed in simulating the main features of the fallow functioning, although some shortcomings are revealed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0838-2
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Podospora anserina mutations inhibiting several developmental alternatives and growth renewal (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 5 (1982), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Developmental mutations ; Stationary physiology ; Podospora anserina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A mutation (modG) was selected on the basis of the suppression of a defect resulting from a mutation of modD gene. The modG mutation shows the same developmental consequences as modD mutations: the absence of protoperithecia and aerial hyphae, the non-renewal of growth from stationary cells and the non-germination of ascospores. Investigations of heterokaryotic mycelia showed that the action of modD and modG mutations on the formation of protoperithecia and aerial hyphae is autonomous. Furthermore, taking advantage of the thermosensitivity of a modD mutation, it was shown that the mutations have no incidence on cell differentiation prior to the achievement of stationary physiology. These findings lead to suggest the existence, in Podospora anserina, of a stage of cell totipotency, which we call the switch stage, that derives from the stationary state through the action of modD and mode genes. Accordingly, the switch stage would be the intermediate in the process of growth renewal from stationary cells and the basic stage for the selection of the developmental alternatives (aerial hyphae, protoperithecia ...) of Podospora mycelia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391803
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beat to beat analysis of the radiocardiogram (1961)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 17 (1961), S. 366-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein 3-Kanal-Magnetbandgerät ist für die gleichzeitige Registrierung von Electrocardiogramm und Radiocardiogramm verwendet worden. Die Methode ermöglicht das Studium der Veränderungen des Blutvolumens des Herzens während eines Schlagcyclus. Dadurch können Schlagvolumen und Residualvolumen der beiden Herzkammern getrennt gemessen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02201767
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perspective on “Statistical mechanics of isomerization dynamics in liquids and the transition state approximation” (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 103 (2000), S. 335-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Key words: Reactive flux – Molecular dynamics – Rate constants – Monte Carlo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. This paper provides a perspective on the use of the reactive flux formalism for calculating rate constants in condensed phase systems through molecular dynamics simulations. This approach makes possible the computation of rate constants even for systems with very high energy barriers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002149900059
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleation in finite systems: Theory and computer simulation (1979)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 65 (1979), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The free energy of formation of a droplet in a finite system containingN particles in a box of volumeV at a temperatureT is examined. For certain values of the supersaturation the free energy of formation has a maximum and a minimum. The maximum gives rise to a barrier to nucleation whereas the minimum corresponds to the formation of a stable droplet in equilibrium with vapor. Vapor imperfection and the radius dependence of the surface tension of the droplet are shown to affect the barrier and associated cluster distributions at equilibrium in significant ways. The theory is compared with computer simulation results using a Lennard-Jones fluid at a temperature of 84 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00643488
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collective properties of polyatomic gases in a magnetic field: Effects on light scattering spectrum (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 7 (1973), S. 311-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Senftleben-Beenakker effects ; hydrodynamics ; light scattering ; Waldmann-Snider equation ; generalized hydrodynamics ; projection operator techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of magnetic fields on collective properties of polyatomic gases has been extended outside the hydrodynamic regime. The calculations are based on a linearized Waldmann-Snider equation. The Waldmann-Snider collision operator is truncated yielding a finite matrix equation. The resulting matrix equation is solved on a computer to yield the polarized and depolarized light scattering spectra. These spectra are calculated in the absence and presence of a magnetic field. For long wavelengths it is found that the magnetic effects are of the same order of magnitude as in the Senftleben-Beenakker effects. For shorter wavelengths the effects disappear due to Doppler effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014907
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of adenosine in autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (1985)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 13 (1985), S. 321-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Adenosine ; Cerebral blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the role of adenosine, a purine nucleoside and potent vasodilator of cerebral pial vessels, during both acute (0–60 sec) and sustained (2–5 min) changes in cerebral perfusion pressure. Brain adenosine concentrations are rapidly increased within 5 sec of the onset of systemic hypotension and parallel, in a temporal fashion, the changes in pial vessel diameter and alterations in cerebral vascular resistance. During sustained hypotension, brain levels of adenosine are increased even within the autoregulatory range. These data are constant with the hypothesis that adenosine is an important metabolic factor in cerebral autoregulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000012
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The equity effects of state school finance reforms: A methodological critique and new evidence (1981)
    Springer
    Policy sciences 13 (1981), S. 75-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Since 1970, over half the states have reformed their school finance systems with improvement in equity of revenue and resource distributions as one of the stated goals. While numerous studies evaluating the equity effects of these often expensive reforms have been undertaken, there remains much disagreement about how to assess the reforms' impacts. In this article, we address the problems of measuring equity effects with an emphasis on the need for multiple definitions and an understanding of the value judgments inherent in all measures of equity. Next, three methodologies that have been used to assess the equity impacts of school finance reform are critiqued. Finally, in an effort to correct shortcomings of each, a fourth methodology is developed and new empirical evidence on the effects of reform based on that methodology are presented. The article concludes with observations about the importance of the choice of a methodology with which to evaluate complex policy changes that involve value judgments about what is fair, just, and equitable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00155933
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of the allelicMtz 3 andMtz 4 allotype genes to the formation of individual rabbit serum α2-macroglobulin molecules (1972)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 7 (1972), S. 95-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The contribution of the allelicMtz 3 andMtz 4 genes to the formation of individual rabbit serum α2-macroglobulin (α2M) molecules was examined by precipitation of α2M from rabbits of known genotype with antiallotype antisera. The α2M was isolated fromz 3z3 andz 4z4 homozygous andz 3z4 heterozygous rabbits, iodinated with I125 and precipitated by sequential reactions with antiallotype antiserum and goat anti-rabbit IgG. Purified unlabeled α2M or α2M in serum was used to inhibit competitively the reaction of antiallotype antiserum and labeled α2M. Nearly all α2M molecules have z3 or z4 antigenic determinants; approximately 50% of α2M molecules in heterozygotes have both. Altogether, the z3, z3,4, and z4 molecules in heterozygotes have approximately 60% of the number of z3 and 40% of the number of z4 determinants as compared to the respective homozygotes. Unlike all other known allelic blood protein systems of rabbits, allelic exclusion does not occur in α2M molecules of heterozygotes; rather, hybrid molecules are formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00486080
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