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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome 14 maternal uniparental disomy in the euploid cell line of a fetus with mosaic 46,XX/47,XX,+14 karyotype (1994)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 94 (1994), S. 355-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the parental origin of the extra chromosome 14 and of the two chromosomes 14 of the euploid cell line, in a case of fetal mosaicism 46,XX/47,XX+14 diagnosed at amniocentesis. Molecular analysis of five polymorphic loci of the short tandem repeat type was performed. Markers D14S43 and D14S49 showed the presence of maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 in the apparently normal cell line. The distribution of the markers analysed along the chromosome suggests maternal heterodisomy with a large isodisomic segment in the telomeric region, possibly caused by meiotic crossing-over.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201592
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of conditional distributions in the analysis of ion channel recordings (1991)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 20 (1991), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Ion channels ; Markov processes ; Conditional distributions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method to test the Markov nature of ion channel gating is proposed. It makes use of singly and doubly conditional distributions. The application of this method to recordings from single BK channels provides evidence that at least two states of the underlying kinetic scheme are left at a constant rate. Moreover, the probabilities, when leaving a state, of reaching another given state are shown to be constant for all the states of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00183277
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deformations induced by d.c. electric field in cholesteric liquid crystals (1982)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 1 (1982), S. 607-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si riportano i risultati di misure accoppiate di capacità e di riflessione selettiva compiute su una miscela colesterica sottoposta ad un campo elettrico statico orientato parallelamente all'asse dell'elica. Si trova una ben definita sequenza dell'insorgere delle diverse deformazioni se lo spessore del campione è molto piú grande del passo dell'elica. Tre distinte soglie sono misurate per spessori compresi tra 6 μm e 100 μm.
    Abstract: Резюме Мы приводим результаты связанных измерений емкости и селективного оптического отражения, проведенных на холестеричной смеси, помещенной в статическое злектрическое поле, параллельно спиральной оси. Получается определенная иерархия для появления различных деформаций, если толщина образца много больше, чем винтовой шаг. ъыли обнаружены три резко выраженных порога для толщин образцов в диапазоне 6 μm≤d≤100 μm.
    Notes: Summary We report results of coupled capacitance and optical measurements made on a cholesteric mixture submitted to a d.c. electric field parallel to the helical axis. A definite hierarchy for the onset of different deformations is found if the sample thickness is much larger than the helical pitch. Three distinct thresholds are measured for sample thickness in the range 6 μm≤d≤100 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02453103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New optical methods to study director orientation in liquid crystals (1988)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 10 (1988), S. 1325-1333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals ; Phase equilibria, phase transitions and critical points of specific substances ; Biophysics of neurophysiological processes (excluding perception processes and speech)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Riportiamo nuovi metodi ottici utili per investigare l’ordine orientazionale di cristalli liquidi nematici. Il primo utilizza una tecnica ottica lineare e una cella a spessore variabile per ottenere una misura precisa delle energie di ancoraggio. Il secondo sfrutta la self phase modulation non lineare per valutare l’anisotropia elastica di un cristallo liquido nematico. Si riportano esempi di misure compiute su cristalli liquidi ad allineamento ibrido.
    Abstract: Резюме Обсуждаются новые оптические метоэы исследования ориентационного порядка в нематических жидких кристаллах. Первый метод исполжзует линейую оптическую технику и ячейки переменной толщины для точных измерений энергии зацепления на границах. Второй метод использует нелинейную фазовую модуляцию для определения упругой анизотропии нематического жидкого кристалла. Приводятся примеры измерений, проведенных на жидких кристаллах гибридной упорядоченностью.
    Notes: Summary We report new optical methods useful to investigate the orientational order of nematic liquid crystals. The first one uses a linear optical technique and a variable-thickness cell to get a precise measurement of the anchoring energies at the boundaries. The second one exploits the nonlinear self-phase modulation to evaluate the elastic anisotropy of a nematic liquid crystal. Examples are reported of measurements performed on hybrid aligned liquid crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02455424
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear liquid-crystal interfaces: Determination of the local director orientation (1990)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 1273-1280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Nonlinear optics ; Liquid crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We present a new computational method which allows to work out the director orientation in each location of a nematic liquid-crystal cell from a measurement of its reflectivity. We show how it is possible to extract this information from the fringe pattern due to the onset of total internal reflection inside the sample. The very good agreement with the expected results makes the method suitable to study several kinds of deformations occurring in liquid crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450393
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical properties of lyotropic mesophases (1984)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 3 (1984), S. 30-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals ; Optical properties and materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si riporta una breve rassegna degli studi preliminari sulle proprietà ottiche delle mesofasi liotropiche. Si presentano nuovi risultati delle misure degli indici di rifrazione per varie fasi di un sistema ternario. Particolare risaltoè dato alle proprietà ottiche delle diverse mesofasi liotropiche di tipo nematico. Infine una breve rassegna è dedicata agli effetti ottici dovuti all'applicazione di campi esterni come il campo magnetico, quello elettrico e quello meccanico.
    Abstract: Резюме Предлагается краткий обзор проведенных исследований оптических свойств лиотропных мезофаз. Приводятся новые результаты измерений показа телей преломления в различных фазах трехкомпонентной системы. Особое внимание уделяется оптическим свойствам различных лиотропных нематических мезофаз. В заключение обсуждаются оптические эффекты, связанные с внешними полями: магнитными, электрическими и механическими.
    Notes: Summary A brief review of early studies of optical properties of lyotropic mesophases is presented. New results about refractive-index measurements in various phases of a ternary system are shown. Emphasis is given to the optical properties of the different lyotropic nematic mesophases. Finally a short review is then devoted to the optical effects of external applied fields such as magnetic, electric and mechanical ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02452200
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational spectroscopic study of disposable soft contact lenses. Correlations with the bacterial adhesion on their surface (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 834-837 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Raman and infrared spectra of two types of disposable soft contact lenses are presented and discussed in order to correlate the chemical structures of the polymers to bacterial adhesion on their surface. The results of the adhesion study show that Staphylococcus aureus adheres better to more hydrophilic lenses. The spectroscopic results point out that the different chemical structures of the polymers can explain not only the different water amounts in the lenses, but also play an important role on the adhesion capability of Staphylococcus aureus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213144
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and optical properties of new inorganic phosphate matrices (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 2 (1994), S. 787-789 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: phosphates ; optical properties ; refractive index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We have developed the chemical conditions to prepare highly concentrated mixtures of different metallic chlorides (Sn, Al, Cr) and phosphoric acid. We let them dry at room temperature for bulk materials, but for films the temperature of drying can reach 400°C. The structure of bulk compounds have been examined through elastic neutron diffraction experiments correlated with X ray diffraction at large angle. These compounds are amorphous and we observed, using the differential scanning calorimetry at low temperature, that T g values can be determined at more than 100 K below room temperature. This material could be considered as a “liquid glass” at room temperature. Several other metallic elements are under progress to determine if this behavior is depending on the nature of the element. Bulk materials have been codoped with a dye (oxazine) and trivalent erbium ion. By UV excitation of the dye we observed the absorption spectrum Er3+ in the emission band of oxazine, that is an evidence of the energy transfer effect. Films made by spin coating technique have been doped with Dispersed Red 1 (DR 1). We studied the effect of organic additives (hydrosolubles polymers like PVP) on the kinetics of photoisomerisation of DR 1. Films are also used as waveguide. Several modes have been observed and their refractive index values determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00486351
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostic application of first trimester trophoblast sampling in 100 pregnancies (1984)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 66 (1984), S. 252-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results of the diagnostic application of first trimester trophoblast sampling in 100 pregnancies are reported in detail. Further improvement of the method for routine, direct chromosome analysis resulted in a technique which proved to be fast, simple, and efficient. We found that short-term incubation of villi permits the application of many experimental methods, such as visualization of sister chromatid exchanges and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Fetal karyotyping was successful in each of the 96 pregnancies in which fetal material was obtained from a total of 98 fetuses. There were 42 males and 56 females, and an abnormal chromosome constitution was found in 12 cases. Two trisomic fetuses were found among the eight pregnancies at risk for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and this indicates that fetal sexing (which is achieved with our method in two hours) should not be performed without chromosome visualization. The results indicate a risk of 8% of an abnormal fetus for mothers aged 35 years or more, while the risk of failure of sampling and of spontaneous abortion after villi sampling were 4 and 6%, respectively. Enzyme determinations were performed in three pregnancies at risk for gangliosidosis GM1, Niemann-Pick disease, and Hurler syndrome. In this last case inconsistency between the results of the assay of iduronidase on chorionic villi and amniotic fluid cells was found. This unexplained error indicates the need for extensive characterisation in chorionic villi of the series of enzymes involved in metabolic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286612
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved Intestinal Absorption of an Enteric-Coated Sodium Ursodeoxycholate Formulation (1994)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 11 (1994), S. 642-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: ursodeoxycholic acid ; glycoursodeoxycholic acid ; bile acid intestinal absorption ; cholesterol gallstones dissolution ; liver disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new enteric-coated formulation of sodium ursodeoxycholate was prepared and administered to man. The barrier film disintegrates and releases the drug only at pH ≥5.5. The sodium salt of glycoursodeoxycholate was also prepared and encapsulated like ursodeoxycholate. Serum levels of ursodeoxycholate and glycoursodeoxycholate were measured by specific enzyme immunoassay after oral administration of their sodium salts in an enteric-coated formulation at equimolar doses of 475 and 540 mg. The same subjects also received in separate experiments ursodeoxycholic acid, sodium ursodeoxycholate, and glycoursodeoxycholic acid in gelatin capsules. The mean area under the curve (µmol/L ·hr) following administration of enteric-coated sodium ursodeoxycholate (45±8) was significantly higher than that of either ursodeoxycholic acid (26 ±5 ; P 〈 0.01) or sodium ursodeoxycholate (25±6; P 〈 0.001) administered in a conventional gelatin capsule. No differences were found when glycoursodeoxycholic acid was administered as an enteric-coated sodium salt or in acid form in gelatin capsules. Ursodeoxycholic was administered at a dose of 10 µmol/min/kg over 1 hr to bile fistula rats both intraduodenally (i.d.) and intravenously (i.v.). The experiment included administration of the sodium salt in solution and the acid as a suspension. A similar experiment was performed with glycoursodeoxycholic acid. The ratio of the amount recovered from bile in the i.d. to that in the i.v. experiment is almost 1 for the sodium salt of ursodeoxycholate in solution, while it drops to 0.55 for ursodeoxycholic acid. No differences were found between i.v. and i.d. administration when glycoursodeoxycholic acid was administered in acid form and as a soluble sodium salt. The results in rats point out that the limiting factor for ursodeoxycholic acid intestinal absorption is its poor solubility and the high pH (8.4) it requires for micellar solubilization. On the other hand, glycoursodeoxycholic acid is well absorbed either in acid form or as a sodium salt because of its higher solubility at lower pH (6.4). The new enteric-coated sodium ursodeoxycholate formulation resulted in complete solubilization and increased absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018907825281
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