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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 1180-1185 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Oxygen transfer ; tissue hypoxia ; mitochondria ; respiration, cellular ; diffusion, intracellular ; adaptation to hypoxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Studies of O2 supply in freshly isolated adult mammalian cells provide new insight into the factors that limit mitochondrial oxygenation in vivo. Of particular importance, mitochondria are present at high densities and often in apparent clusters, both of which contribute to local O2 gradients under hypoxic conditions. Current evidence indicates that the mitochondrial distribution is a component of the differentiated phenotype of adult mammalian cells and that specific motors and anchoring mechanisms are present to allow redistribution in response to developmental, physiological and pathological challenges. To compare the importance of resistance to O2 transfer under different conditions and at different sites along the supply path in vivo, a simple mathematical expression of relative resistance to O2 supply is introduced. Under various pathophysiological conditions, this resistance increases in specific regions of the pulmonary, circulatory of cellular supply path and results in O2 deficiency in the mitochondria. Regardless of cause, the relative resistance increases dramatically in the vicinity of mitochondrial clusters during hypoxia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 11 (1975), S. 897-914 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'influence de la fermeture de la fissure et de l'écoulement élastoplastique sur le comportement à la flexion de tôles minces fissurées, est étudiée en faisant appel à un programme de calcul par éléments finis de la flexion incrémentielle de la tôle en régime élastoplastique. Le programme d'éléments finis a été développé en recourant à des hypothèses satisfaisant la théorie des plaques du quatrième ordre de Kirchhoff; les propriétés mécaniques considérées pour le matériau permettent, par ailleurs, de considérer un écrouissage général isotrope, avec réactions élastiques locales lors du déchargement. Cette technique a été appliquée au problème d'une grande tôle circulaire traversée en son centre par une fissure et soumise à flexion pure en son pourtour. On établit la comparaison de deux cas types du problème de flexion: le premier, où l'on néglige la possibilité d'interférence des faces de la fissure avec le moment de flexion, et le second, où l'on introduit un obstacle cinématique au passage de la fissure au travers du plan de symétrie. Les résultats rapportés isolent les effets de l'écoulement élastoplastique et de la fermeture de la fissure.
    Notes: Abstract The influence of crack closure and elasto-plastic flow on the bending behavior of thin cracked plates is investigated through use of an incremental elasto-plastic plate bending finite element computer program. The finite element program was developed using assumptions consistent with Kirchhoff fourth order plate theory while the material property treatment permits general isotropic work hardening with local elastic unloading. This technique is applied to the problem of a large centrally through cracked plate subject to remote circular bending. Comparison is drawn between two cases of the bending problem. The first neglects the possibility of crack face interference with bending, and the second includes a kinematic prohibition against the crack face from passing through the symmetry plane. Results are reported which isolate the effects of elasto-plastic flow and crack closure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 81 (1996), S. 89-97 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Alternative stress intensity factor solutions are developed for several common fatigue crack propagation specimens. Unlike the K-solutions presently employed, the K-solutions developed herein allow direct integration of the Paris fatigue crack growth rate power law while retaining the same degree of accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 17 (1979), S. 365-370 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Fluorophotometer ; Ophthalmology ; Tear turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The use of fluorescein dye for the study of ocular dynamics in ophthalmology is briefly reviewed. General principles for designing objective fluorophotometers for measuring the rate of change of fluorescein concentration are discussed. Details of the circuitry and performance of a new improved objective fluorophotometer using a quartz-halogen excitation source and a synchronous detector are presented. In a preliminary clinical trial the mean tear turnover rate for ten normal subjects was found to be 21±13% min−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Forced-expiration measurement ; Pressure-transistor ; Ventilatory capacity ; Venturi-pneumotachography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 22 (1984), S. 94-96 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Electronci circuit ; Flow-volume loops ; Respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 24 (1986), S. 386-392 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Tear turnover ; Fluorophotometry ; Ophthalmology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An improved continuous reading fluorophotometer with provision for controlling the blink rate has been used to measure tear turnover rates in 14 normal healthy volunteers. A significant difference between morning and afternoon tear turnover results has been found, indicating a possible circadian rhythm in tear flow. Sources of potential systematic error in the measurement method have been identified and analysed. Fluorescence measurements using a thin film cell have confirmed predictions of nonlinearity in fluorophotometer output at high tear film concentrations. The error in tear film fluorescence due to diffusion of fluorescein into the cornea has also been investigated. Simple precautions to minimise these errors are suggested, which should make the measurement method suitable for clinical application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 30 (1992), S. 487-490 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Charge-coupled device ; Infra-red ; Pupillometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A new pupillometer for measuring the size of the pupil of the human eye is described. It uses two inexpensive 256-element charge coupled device (CCD) arrays in an orthogonal configuration. The system is controlled and data are analysed by means of a Z80A microcomputer. Software allows the position and diameter of the pupil to be displayed on a monochrome video monitor. Infra-red diodes irradiate the eye so that measurements can be made in darkness. The accuracy is better than ±0·1 mm, over the range 3·2–9·5 mm. Dynamic measurements of the pupil light reflex response can be made with sampling periods as short as 20 ms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 19 (1981), S. 783-785 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Electronic simulator ; Maximal expiration ; M.E.F.V. curve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 24 (1986), S. 333-336 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Electronic simulator ; Specific airways conductance ; Thoracic gas volume ; Whole-body plethysmography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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