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  • 1
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The Late Precambrian or “Eocambrian” and the lowermost part of Palaeozoic rocks of West Africa and of the Western half of Central Africa include two lithostratigraphic sequences of sediments which we can identify as well on the craton as in the orogenic belts. The lower sequence, argillaceous, green colour, sometimes flyschoid, begins with a tillite or a mixtite. The upper sequence made of reddish, mainly continental sandstones, represents in some areas the molasse of the Pan-African Fold Belt. These two sequences, and notably at the base of the first one the tillite horizon, seem to be older in the South (Katangan and West-Congolian Chains) than in the North (Adrar of Mauritania). This diachronism is thought to be related to polar wandering, the South pole having shifted in that interval of time from South-Africa to West of the Senegal coast.
    Abstract: Résumé Le Précambrian terminal ou “Eocambrien” et la base du Paléozoïque de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et de la partie occidentale de l'Afrique centrale comprennent deux ensembles lithostratigraphiques identifiables aussi bien dans les couvertures cratoniques que dans les chaînes. L'ensemble inférieur, argileux, vert, parfois flyschoïde, débute par une tillite ou une mixtite. L'ensemble supérieur, gréseux, rouge, à dominante continentale, est interprété dans certaines zones comme la molasse de la chaîne pan-africaine. ces deux ensembles, et en particulier la tillite á la base du premier, semblent plus anciens au Sud (chaînes katangienne et ouest-congolience) qu'au Nord (Adrar de Mauritanie). Cet âge plus jeune vers le Nord va de Pair avec le mouvement du pôle sud, qui, â époque, se déplace de l'Afrique du Sud au large des côtes du Sénegal.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das obere Präkambrium oder “Eokambrium” und die Basis des Paläozoikums von Westafrika und im westlichen Teil von Zentralafrika sind aus zwei lithostratigraphischen Abfolgen gebildet, die gleichfalls auf den Kratonen und in den Gebirgsketten zu erkennen sind. Die untere feinklastische Abfolge, grün, manchmal flyschartig, beginnt mit einem Tillit oder einem Mixtit. Die obere rote, sandige Abfolge, kontinentalen Ursprungs, wird örtlich als eine von der pan-afrikanischen Orogenese gebildete Molasse angesehen. Diese beiden Abfolgen, besonders die Tillite, scheinen diachron und im Süden älter (Katangische und West-Kongolische Gebirgsketten) als im Norden (Adrar von Mauritanien) zu sein. Diese Verjüngung nach Norden kann mit einer Polwanderung in Verbindung gebracht werden; der Südpol zieht während dieser Zeit von Südafrika in das Gebiet westlich der senegalesischen Küste.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A petrographic and microstructural study of the crystalline and metamorphic basement rocks of the Haute Moulouya region in the central part of Morocco revealed a chronology of tectono-metamorphic and intrusive events. These events have been dated by the Rb-Sr method. The crystalline basement is affected by two tectono-metamorphic episodes; the first occurred during the Upper Devonian at 366±7 m. y. (with λ87Rb=1.42 × 10−11 y−1). These events are followed by intrusions which are Visean and Namurian in age, granodiorites crystallized at 347±17 m. y. and are followed by alkaline granites at 329±6 m. y. and by calco-alkaline granites at 319±6 m. y. A pneumatolysis then accompanied shearing of the rocks. The degradation of preexisting minerals and the formation of new minerals, especially muscovites, in some granites occurred around 315 m. y. This event is also related to intrusions of pegmatites at 310 m. y. and granites with graphic structures and aplites at 302±3 m. y. The comparison of the isotopic and microstructural results also allowed estimation of the influence of the different tectono-metamorphic episodes on the strontium isotopic homogeneity of whole rocks, minerals and fine fractions 〈2 μ.
    Abstract: Résumé L'étude pétrographique et microtectonique a permis d'établir la chronologie relative des épisodes tectono-métamorphiques et intrusifs qui affectent le socle cristallin et cristallophyllien de la Haute Moulouya dans le Moyen Maroc. Ces différents épisodes ont pu être datés par la méthode rubidium-strontium. Ainsi, deux phases tectono-métamorphiques ont pu être distinguées dans le socle cristallophyllien et attribuées au Dévonien supérieur, la première se terminant vers 366±7 M. a. (avec λ87Rb=1,42 × 10−11 an−1). Les épisodes intrusifs se situent dans le Viséen et le Namurien; ils débutent par la mise en place de granodiorites vers 347±17 M. a. et se poursuivent par celle de granites alcalins vers 329±6 M. a. et de granites calco-alcalins vers 319±6 M. a. L'ensemble de ces formations est ensuite affecté par des cisaillements contemporains de cristallisations pneumatolytiques; les néocristallisations liées à cette dernière phase de déformation ont pu être datées de 315 M. a. dans certains granites. Des venues filoniennes de pegmatite vers 310 M. a., de granite à structure graphique et d'aplite à 302±3 M. a. sont liées a ce phénomène tardif. La confrontation des analyses isotopiques et microtectoniques permet d'apprécier l'importance de certains épisodes tectono-métamorphiques sur l'homogénéisation isotopique du strontium contenu dans les roches totales, les minéraux ou les fractions fines 〈 2 μ.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine petrographische Gefügeanalyse der kristallinen und metamorphen Basisgesteine der Haute Moulouya Region in Zentralmarokko ergab eine Chronologie der tektono-metamorphen und intrusiven Vorgänge. Diese Ereignisse wurden mit Hilfe der Rb-Sr-Methode datiert. Die kristalline Basis ist von zwei tektono-metamorphen Phasen beeinflußt. Die erste dieser Phasen entstand während des Oberdevons vor 366±7 mJ (mit λ87Rb = 1.42 × 10−11 mJ). Beiden Phasen folgten Intrusionen mit Altern von Visé und Namur. Dabei entstanden Granodiorite in einem Alter von 347±17 mJ. Diesen folgten Alkaligranite mit 329 ±6 mJ und schließlich Kalkalkaligranite mit 319±6 mJ; darauf setzte ein Scherbeanspruchung ein, die von einer Pneumatolyse begleitet wurde. Der Zerfall der älteren Mineralphasen sowie die Bildung von neuen Mineralen (besonders Muscovit) in manchen Graniten entstand vor etwa 315 Millionen Jahren. Dieser Vorgang ist auch mit der Intrusion von Pegmatiten vor etwa 310 mJ in Beziehung zu setzen. Spätere Intrusionen von Graniten mit schriftgranatischem Gefüge und Apliten erfolgte etwa vor 302±3 mJ. Der Vergleich von Isotopenverteilung und mikrostrukturellem Gefüge lieferte eine Basis für die Einschätzung der Beeinflussung durch die verschiedenen tektono-metamorphen Phasen auf die Homogenität der Strontiumisotope im gesamten Gestein, in den Mineralien und in den feinen Fraktionen 〈2 μ.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Erquy series (Côtes du Nord, France) consists, in its upper part, of spilitic pillow lavas with some interbedded volcano-sedimentary horizons. The Rb-Sr system of the pillows allowed the construction of a whole-rock isochron at 482±10 M.a. with an initial87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7055±0.0002. These rocks and the associated keratophyres give, on the other hand, K-Ar ages of 285±16 M.a. interpreted as the consequence of late-hercynian tectonism. A volcano-sedimentary horizon interbedded with such pillow flows has been studied from petrographic, mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic (Rb-Sr and K-Ar) points of view. The sequence keeps a sedimentary “memory”. Its clay fractions 〈2 μm and corresponding whole-rocks fit an isochron which is identical to that of the volcanic rocks: 494±11 M.a. with an initial87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7052±0.0005. The clay fractions give K-Ar data at about 450 M.a., but those which contain important amounts of volcanic glass, at the top of the horizon, have K-Ar values as low as 400 M.a., and those which contain almost no glass have a K-Ar age close to the Rb-Sr age at 480 M.a. This study emphasizes the possibility of a complete reset of the K-Ar system of spilitic rocks by a tectonic event without notice-able temperature increase. This result may have important implications on combined paleomagnetic and K-Ar studies: it seems that a least for spilites and keratophyres, the Curie point and Ar blocking temperature can be very different.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Athabasca basin (Saskatchewan, Canada) contains ten major high-grade uranium deposits (-300,000 tons U, mean grade -2% U). These deposits are spatially related to the major middle Proterozoic unconformity between the Aphebian-Archaean basement and the Helikian cover9'11. The newly formed ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 117 (1994), S. 253-262 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Sequential leaching experiments were made on Recent glauconies and clay fractions of the associated mud from off-shore Africa near the estuary of the Congo River. Analyses of major/rare earth elements (REE) and Nd isotopic compositions on the resulting leachate and residue pairs allow identification of at least three important and isotopically distinct components which contributed to the glauconitization process: (1) a detrital component with relatively high 87Sr/86Sr and relatively low 143Nd/144Nd isotopic ratios; (2) a phosphate phase rich in REE and Sr with sea water Sr and Nd isotopic characteristics; (3) a component rich in organic matter and Ca with a sea water Sr isotopic signature, a relatively low Nd isotopic composition and elevated Sm/Nd ratios. This latter component probably represents the suspended organic and carbonate-rich river load. The detrital and the river components were mixed up in the muddy off-shore sediment, ingested by worms, and integrated into faecal pellets. The resulting material has Sr and Nd isotopic signatures intermediate between those of the detrital and river components, and represents the precursor of the glaucony minerals. During the subsequent dissolution-crystallization process, the glauconitic pellets remain isotopically closed to any external supply, but expulsion of Sr and Nd with increasing degree of maturation is observed without any effect on the Sr and Nd isotopic compositions. At a higher maturation stage (K2O〉4.5%), the Sr and Nd isotopic compositions tend to decrease and increase, respectively, approximating the isotopic composition values of the phosphate-rich phase. Because the Sr and Nd concentrations decrease, the evolution of the glauconies toward lower Sr and higher Nd isotopic compositions can only be explained by expulsion of Sr and Nd of the detrital component with high Sr and low Nd isotopic signatures. Dissolution of the chemically unstable, wormdigested clay material from mud may be responsible for the liberation of these elements. Consequently, the phosphate-rich phase with sea water Sr and Nd isotopic signatures becomes increasingly important for the isotopic characteristics of the maturing glauconite grains, and sea water isotopic signatures can be reached during the stage of mature glauconite (K2O〉6.5%), without chemical exchange with the depositional environment.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-04-01
    Print ISSN: 1866-6280
    Electronic ISSN: 1866-6299
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1994-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0010-7999
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0967
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2003-02-21
    Print ISSN: 0010-7999
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0967
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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