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  • Springer  (171)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 21 (1972), S. 247-272 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit befaßt sich mit einer Untersuchung der atmosphärisch-elektrischen Zustände und Vorgänge in 700 bis 3000 m Höhe während Niederschlages verschiedenster Arten. Die Beziehung zwischen Potentialgradient (Feldstärke)E oder Spitzenentladungsstromi po und NiederschlagsstromdichteI pr läßt sich durch Regressionsgerade darstellen, deren Charakter bei gleichmäßigem Niederschlag unabhängig ist von der Art des Niederschlages und von der Höhe. Die Niederschlagsrate spielt nur eine nebensächliche Rolle und bestimmt nicht den Charakter der oben genannten Beziehungen. Bei gleichmäßigem Niederschlag sind Polarität vonE,I pr undi po durch den Aggregatzustand des Niederschlages bestimmt. Bei Schneefall sindE,i po positiv,I pr negativ. In Regen gelten umgekehrte Vorzeichen. Der Vorzeichenwechsel erfolgt, wenn Schneepartikel im freien Fall schmelzen, was im Mittel bei +1,1°C erfolgt. Der bekannte Spiegelbildeffekt gilt als Regel, nicht jedoch als exaktes Gesetz. Eine Reihe von Beobachtungen über Abweichungen von der strengen Spiegelung der Werte weist darauf hin, daß die Theorie nicht gelten kann, welche darauf beruht, daß primär hohe Werte vonE Spitzenentladungen auslösen, die ihrerseits Ionen erzeugen, welche durch Niederschlag eingefangen werden, so daßE undI pr spiegelbildlich verlaufen. Vielmehr werden durch niederschlags-elektrische Prozesse primärE und sekundäri po beeinflußt. Die Ladung an Wolkenunterseiten ist — außer beim Gewitter — für niederschlags-elektrische Vorgänge ohne Belang. Im Niederschlag wird das Verhalten der luftelektrischen Größen durch die niederschlags-physikalischen Vorgänge in der allernächsten Umgebung vom Beobachtungspunkt bestimmt. Die oben genannten Polaritäten der luftelektrischen Größen während Niederschlages gelten nur für gleichmäßigen Niederschlag. Nimmt die atmosphärische Stabilität unter einen gewissen Schwellenwert ab, so treten Polaritätswechsel der atmosphärisch-elektrischen Größen auf, die nichts mit dem Aggregatzustand und auch nichts mit der elektrischen Ladung an der Wolkenunterseite (außer im Gewitter) zu tun haben. Die Häufigkeit der Polaritätswechsel läßt sich als Funktion der Austausch-Intensität über der Station darstellen. Diese Beziehung kann für praktische Zwecke der Bestimmung des Turbulenzgrades verwendet werden.
    Notes: Summary This paper is concerned with a study of the atmospheric electrical conditions and processes at 700 up to 3000 m a. s. l. during precipitations of the most varied kind. The relation between potential gradientE or, respectively, point discharge currenti po , and precipitation current densityI pr may be represented by regression lines whose character during steady precipitations is independent of the kind of precipitation or altitude a. s. l. The precipitation rate plays only a subordinate part and does not control the character of the above mentioned relations. During steady precipitations the polarities ofE,I pr andi po are determined by the physical state of the precipitations. During snowfall,E andi po are positive,I pr is negative; during rainfall, the opposite signs apply. The sign reversal takes place when snow particles melt in free fall, which, as an average, takes place at +1.1° C. The well-known mirror image effect applies as a rule rather than an exact law. A number of observations regarding deviations from the strict mirroring of the values indicate that the theory cannot be valid which claims that high primary values ofE would trigger point discharges which, in turn, generate ions that are captured by precipitation, with the result thatE andI pr proceed in a mirror-inverted manner. The truth is that by processes of precipitation electricity,E is primarily influenced, andi po secondarily. The charge on cloud bases, except in thunderstorms, is irrelevant to precipitation electrical processes. In precipitation, the behavior of the atmospheric electrical quantities is governed by the precipitation physical processes in the most immediate vicinity of the observation site. The above mentioned polarities of the atmospheric electric quantities during precipitation are applicable only to steady precipitations. If the atmospheric stability is decreased below a certain threshold value, polarity changes of the atmospheric electrical quantities will occur which have nothing to do with the physical state nor with the electric charge on the cloud base (except in thunderstorms). The frequency of the polarity changes may be presented as a function of the exchange intensity above the station. This relation may be used for practical purposes of determining the degree of turbulence.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 21 (1965), S. 207-208 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An der Ratte wurde der Einfluss von oral verabreichtem Vitamin A auf die östrogeninduzierte Metaplasie der Uterusschleimhaut untersucht. Kleine Dosen von Vitamin A (250 IE pro Woche) sind zur Vermeidung dieser Metaplasie wirksamer als grosse Dosen von Vitamin A (100 000 IE pro Woche).
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 1492-1493 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Chez les rats qui ont subi une ablation de la glande pinéale, la présence simultanée de perte de vue et d'anosmie empèchent la croissance compensatoire de l'ovaire chez la femelle et celle des glandes surrénales chez la mâle. Une hypertrophie du rein provoquée expérimentalement après une néphrectomie unilatérale n'est pas modifiée par la perte de vue et l'anosmie.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 247-247 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pinealectomized and intact adult female white-footed mice were maintained outdoors from 28 November to 2 January. At the termination of the experiment, ovarian weight was significantly greater (p〈0.02) in the pinealectomized group compared with that of the intact animals. Microscopic examination of the ovaries revealed that those of the intact animals had fewer and smaller follicles than those from animals which had had their pineal glands removed.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; hypophysectomy ; N-acetyltransferase ; melatonin ; prolactin ; growth hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hypophysectomy in adult male rats greatly attenuated the nocturnal rise in both pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and melatonin content. High nighttime levels of NAT and melatonin were not restored by treating the animals with either prolactin or growth hormone, alone or in combination. Treating intact rats with bromocriptine, which depresses circulating prolactin levels, also was without effect on pineal melatonin synthesis. It appears that neither prolactin nor growth hormone are of major importance in determining pineal melatonin production.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 769-774 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Natural and artificial electric and magnetic fields ; possible biological effects of electric and magnetic fields and of atmospherics ; atmospheric small ions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The features and intensities of electric and magnetic fields in the environment are described. Natural as well as technical constant and variable fields are considered in the light of their possible biological effects. The upper limits of the various fields are discussed. Results of laboratory measurements and also of epidemiological investigations are presented. The question is raised whether atmospheric small ions can cause a biological effect.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 1153-1154 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Halbseitige Kastration fÜhrt bei geblendeten Goldhamstermännchen mit Atrophie der Geschlechtsorgane nur nach Pinealektomie zu kompensatorischer Hodenhypertrophie.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 1341-1342 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Male and female gerbils were implanted s.c. with a pellet containing 2 mg melatonin/23 mg beeswax every 2 weeks for a total of 3 implants. A significant depression of ovarian and uterine weight was noted in female gerbils receiving melatonin implants. In the melatonin-treated male gerbils, growth of the accessory organs was significantly inhibited although testis size was not depressed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 1071-1072 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both the superficial and deep pineal components of the intact hamster contain a rich network of green to yellow-green fluorescent nerve fibres. After either superior cervical ganglionectomy or after transection of the nervi conarii the majority of the fluorescing fibres disappeared from both the superficial and deep pineal mases. Although the deep pineal remained intact after surgical removal of the superficial pineal, it was devoid of any green or yellowgreen fluorescent fibres.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies show that the suppression of gonadal function in blind-anosmic rats is dependent on the pineal gland. The present results demonstrate that in young female rats both the pineal gland and dual sensory deprivation have additional independent antigonaldal effects.
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