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  • Springer  (358)
  • Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
  • 2000-2004  (143)
  • 1985-1989  (229)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 177-185 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: spotted alfalfa aphid ; Therioaphis trifolii ; aphid-resistant plants ; lucerne = alfalfa ; Medicago sativa ; variation ; bioassay ; antibiosis non-preference ; inter-plant movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude de la multiplication initiale des effectifs de T. trifolii, élevés au laboratoire sur pousses de différents pieds de luzerne, a servi de test d'antibiose pour les cultures en plein champ. La distribution de l'antibiose, dans des échantillons importants de plantes appartenant à des cultivars sélectionnés pour leur résistance aux pucerons, a présenté une forme en J, c'est-à-dire que la majorité des plantes était très résistante, quelques unes apparemment sensibles, et un certain nombre intermédiaires entre ces deux extrêmes. Pour un niveau donné d'antibiose, la reproduction, la mortalité et ainsi la distribution initiale en âges dans les populations de pucerons ont été généralement identiques. La multiplication végétative de plantes présentant un gradient de résistance à l'intérieur d'un cultivar et l'utilisation d'un plan de distribution des boutures ont permis l'étude de ce qui semble être l'effet de l'hétérogénéité spatiale sur la résistance des cultures aux attaques de pucerons. La simulation d'une invasion de la culture par les pucerons en plaçant des adulte sur toutes les boutures d'un rang ne pouvait donner une explication de la croissance de la population que si les pucerons se déplacaient le long du rang pour découvrir et exploiter les pieds les plus sensibles. Une distribution par taches, comme on peut l'envisager dans un champ, ne devrait pas gêner les pucerons, car bien que les mouvements d'évasion soient stimulés par les niveaux de résistance élevés (de non-préférence), on peut en déduire que les pucerons se déplaceront sur des plantes très résistantes, eventuellement pour atteindre des plantes moins résistantes placées derriere.
    Notes: Abstract Initial population growth of spotted alfalfa aphid reared on shoots cut from individual lucerne plants, was tested and used as a realistic bioassay of antibiosis. Within cultivars selected for aphid-resistance there was a J-shaped distribution of antibiosis between plants of the crop, the majority being highly resistant, a few apparently susceptible and a proportion partly-resistant. For a given level of antibiosis, reproduction, mortality and thus initial age distribution of aphid populations were generally similar. Vegetative cloning of plants from the range of resistance available in a cultivar has allowed studies of the likely effect of spatial variation of resistance in crops on aphid infestations, using experimental arrays of cut shoots. Simulation of aphid invasion of crops by the placement of adults on all shoots of an array gave results explicable only if the aphids moved through the array to find and breed on the more susceptible plants. A patchy arrangement of these, as might be expected in a field crop, would not hinder the aphids, for although movement off a plant is stimulated by higher resistance (non-preference) levels, it was inferred that aphids will move onto higher resistance plants, eventually to reach lower resistance plants beyond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 49 (1988), S. 75-82 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: aphid-resistance ; lucerne ; alfalfa ; Medicago sativa ; spotted alfalfa aphid ; Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata ; antibiosis ; bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In autumn 1981 there were widespread reports of a reduced level of antibiosis in lucerne crops and field trials where cultivars selected for resistance to the aphid, Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata, had been used. On our field trial, the plot of ‘CUF 101’ lucerne was infested to a level about 40% of that on the aphid-susceptible ‘Hunter River’, compared with an average of about 3% over the two years before and the two years after. An experimental study of possible causes using a bioassay technique on cloned plants representing the spectrum of resistance in CUF 101 indicated that loss of resistance was temporary and occurred apparently randomly among the tests, but that certain treatments increase the frequency of its occurrence. Lowered temperatures and the use of either young regrowth or senescent lucerne, each increased the frequency of loss of resistance. Inundation of lucerne by large numbers of aphids did not affect the expression of resistance directly, but the few progeny that survived to adulthood on partly-resistance lucerne were habituated and were then able to interact with the plants to increase the apparent frequency of breakdown of resistance. Plants which showed the loss of resistance developed aphid populations between 4x ad 25x those when they expressed their normal resistance level. Investigations suggest that the situation in autumn 1981 may have been the result of a prolonged and massive immigration of aphids into lucerne crops, which, on the aphid resistant cultivars allowed surviving aphids to exploit maximally the combined effects of factors causing some loss of resistance.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 17 (1985), S. 385-387 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Adult female whitespotted sawyers Monochamus scutellatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) were placed on succeeding days with two males differing visibly in size. Females showed a significant preference for the larger of two males. The rate of oviposition was significantly higher when the female was paired with the larger male. Both the rate of movement by the paired female and her rate of indicating non-receptivity were significantly lower when the female was paired with the larger male. This species exhibits resource defense polygyny, and females appear to choose mates mainly on the basis of the quality of resources defended. This study suggests, however, that when resource quality is constant, females choose mates on the basis of their size.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We report an upper-division undergraduate solid-state materials chemistry experiment involving the pit and crevice corrosion of a copper surface caused by an aqueous NaCl solution simulating a seawater environment. Surface corrosion of the copper can be shown quite dramatically using atomic force microscopy (AFM) within only hours of exposure to the saline solution. The copper surfaces can also be treated with an alkanethiol solution to form a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on the surface. When exposed to the salt-water solution, the SAM layer is shown by AFM to protect the surface from corrosion. We have also shown that several different AFM analysis methods are needed to adequately quantify the surface features including roughness and power spectral density. This experiment enables students to not only see how AFM can be used to observe changes in surface morphology, but also learn to develop an understanding of the analysis techniques used to quantify AFM data.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 13 (1989), S. 73-127 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Hydrogeological studies at Figeh Springs were directed to determine groundwater flow paths, research, storage and discharge units, and the maximum reliable yield. The project was designed to provide information upon which to base pumpage to augment low-season flows from the spring which is the major water supply for the city of Damascus, Syria. As a basis for conclusions and recommendations, work included extensive surface geologic mapping, air photographic interpretation, a detailed well and spring inventory, and a quality of water sampling program. Geologic structural work included mapping and jointing, faulting, and folding, and an analysis of their impact on groundwater movement.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cross-infection experiments were performed to determine the influence of temperature on infection rate in the Chondrus crispus Stackhouse-Petersenia pollagaster (Petersen) Sparrow pathosystem. C. crispus thalli were collected at Pubnico Harbor, Nova Scotia, Canada in the fall of 1981 to 1984. Infective zoospores were used to inoculate healthy thalli at five different temperatures. The highest infection rate was obtained at 20°C, while significantly lower rates were obtained at temperature extremes. The parasite's life cycle, consisting of infection of healthy thalli, endobiotic development, and release of zoospores, was completed in 48 to 72 h at 15° to 20°C.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 282 (1988), S. 535-544 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 11 (1985), S. 71-79 
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A total of 450 yeast isolates were obtained from up to 34 sites on 59 human subjects. The yeasts were characterized using morphological features and assimilation tests. Ten species were identified but, of these,Candida albicans andCandida parapsilosis were the most common and accounted for 84% of the isolates. An examination of the biotypes of the various species indicated a much greater diversity in the yeast microflora than that detected by species identifications alone. Fifty-five biotypes were differentiated and it is suggested that these could be regarded as distinct taxonomic or ecological entities.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Antigen presentation ; Autoimmune disease ; Evolution ; MHC ; Self peptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Comparison of peptides eluted from human class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and the proteins from which they are derived (source proteins) revealed that class I MHC bind peptides derived from proteins that are highly conserved, hydrophilic, and universally expressed, while the peptides themselves are hydrophobic and even more conserved than their source proteins. In contrast, source proteins for class II-bound peptides were not significantly more conserved than a random sample of proteins. Class II-bound peptides were generally more conserved than their source proteins but were significantly less conserved than class I-bound peptides. The characteristics of class I-bound peptides can probably be explained by the selectivity of processing and transport of peptides for binding by class I, while the relative lack of selectivity of peptide binding for class II may explain the high incidence of autoimmune diseases associated with alleles of these molecules.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 982-983 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Genome duplication Human chromosomes Major histocompatibility complex Paraloguous genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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