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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 206-208 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new probe (tip diameter=700 μm) consisting of a micro-light guide and a silver wire electrode was constructed to measure pyridine nucleotide fluorescence and field potentials from nerve tissues. Good kinetic correlations were found between the changes in field potentials and tissue pyridine nucleotide fluorescence caused by stoppage or by resumption of superfusion.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Verteilung von radioaktivem Phosphor im Gehirn virusinfizierter weisser Mäuse ist geprüft worden. Im Zeitpunkt maximaler Virusvermehrung nimmt die Aufnahme des radioaktiven Phosphors in den Phosphorverbindungen der infizierten Gehirne deutlich zu. Virologische und biochemische Aspekte wurden diskutiert.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 23 (1986), S. 181-186 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Employing isoeletric focusing combined with enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot analysis, the fourth component of complement (C4) was analyzed in the two highly histocompatible, major histocompatibility complex homozygous groups (J and K) of Xenopus laevis. Each group had a characteristic C4 isoelectric focusing pattern, i. e., an isoelectric point range of 8.0–8.5 for J (C4 j C4 j ) and 7.6–8.1 for K (C4 k C4 k ). In (J x K)F1 frogs, C4 proteins were expressed in a codominant fashion (C4 j C4 k ). In the backcrossed progeny B1 [J × (J × K)F1], those with C4 j C4 j rejected (J × K)F1 skins hyperacutely (〈 17 days), were high responders against (J × K)F1 cells, and nonstimulators to J cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), but they did not suffer from the graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR), even after the injection of (J x K)F1 cell-stimulated J splenocytes. On the other hand, the B1 frogs with C4 j C4 k acutely or chronically (〉 17 days) rejected (J × K)F1 skins, were low or nonresponders against (J × K)F1 cells and high stimulators to J cells in MLR, and they suffered from GVHR after the injection of prestimulated J splenocytes. These results argue for the notion that the genes equivalent to mammalian class III map to the MHC at the phylogenetic level of the anuran amphibian.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 11 (1998), S. 81-85 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Closterium ehrenbergii ; Chemoattractant ; Conjugation ; Sexual pheromone ; Protoplast-release-inducing protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In sexual reproduction of Closterium ehrenbergii, pairing with the sexual partner cells is the first process observed. A cell migration-inducing activity, specific for mating-type plus (mt+; NIES-228) cells, was detected in the culture medium of mating-type minus (mt–; NIES-229) cells. Light was necessary for production of the active substance by mt– cells and for migration of mt+ cells. The active substance was heat-labile and had an apparent molecular mass of 20 kDa, as determined by gel filtration. A protein of 20 kDa was detected in the active fraction of gel filtration after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on these results, it is proposed that a chemotactic sexual pheromone involved in the formation of sexual pairs of cells is secreted by mt– cells of C. ehrenbergii and is proteinaceous, like other sexual pheromones secreted by Closterium species.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Variation of the gel region with heat-treatment and variation of the melt-quenched glass region with cooling rates were compared for the B2O3-Na2O-TiO2 system. Gels were prepared by the sol-gel method without catalyst using boron tributoxide (B(OBu)3) sodium methoxide (NaOCH3) and titanium tetraisopropoxide (Ti(OPr)4). The gel region was in the composition range B2O3 = 0 to 90, Na2O = 0 to 60, and TiO2 = 0 to 100 mol % at 50 ° C. The crystalline phases precipitated were boric acid (H3BO3), sodium metaborate hydrate (NaBO22H2O), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). A 500 °C, heat treatment for 2 h reduced the gel regions to a composition range of B2O3 = 50 to 90, Na2O = 10 to 30 and TiO2 = 0 to 20 mol %, but treatment at 800 ° C produced melts which became glassy upon cooling. On the other hand, a twin-roller method produced a wide range of glass region which includes a high concentration of TiO2 up to 70 mol %. The as-prepared gel region was found to correspond fairly well to the twin-roller glass region and the thermally most stable gel region was close to the air-quenched glass region. It was speculated that the B2O3- or Na2O-rich composition had not gelled because of the high water solubility of these gels.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 497-504 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Thin films consisting of γ-Fe2O3 particles were prepared by a spin-on process using a solution of iron (III) nitrate dissolved in ethylene glycol. Film thickness was observed to be controlled by the solution viscosity as well as the revolution of a spinner. Local structures around iron ions in the solution were studied by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and the formation of an (FeO x ) n cluster was deduced. A film thus prepared was confirmed to consist of finely divided γ-Fe2O3 particles by TEM observation. Magnetic and optical properties of the films are briefly discussed.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Callus ; Cell wall ; Daucus (cell walls) ; Morphogenesis ; Neutral sugar ; Pectin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Carrot (Daucus carota L.) embryogenic callus (EC) loses its embryogenic competence and becomes nonembryogenic callus (NC) during long-term culture. With the loss of embryogenic competence, the cell clusters become smaller and the extent of intercellular attachments is reduced. Pectic fractions prepared from EC and NC were separated into two subfractions by gel filtration. A difference in sugar composition between EC and NC was found only in the high-molecular-mass (ca. 1300 kDa) subfraction, and the ratio of the amount of arabinose to that of galactose (Ara/Gal) was strongly and positively correlated with the size of cell clusters in several different cultures. From the results of sugar-composition and methylation analyses, and the results of treatment with exo-arabinanase, models of the neutral sugar chains of pectins from EC and NC are proposed. Both neutral sugar chains are composed of three regions. The basal region is composed of linearly linked arabinan 5-Araf〉 moieties in both types of callus. The middle galactan region is composed of 6-linked galactose, some of which branches at the 3 and 4 positions, and this region is larger and more frequently branched in NC than in EC. Finally, the terminal arabinan region is composed of 5-linked arabinose, branched at the 3 position, and the size of the terminal arabinan is larger in EC than in NC. The significance of the neutral sugar chains of pectins in the interaction of cell wall components and intercellular attachment is discussed.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cell patterning ; Coupled oscillators ; Microfabrication ; Physarum polycephalum ; Plasmodium ; Three-dimensional internal-structure microscope
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The plasmodium of the true slime moldPhysarum polycephalum, which shows various oscillatory phenomena, can be regarded as a collective of nonlinear oscillators. Partial bodies in the plasmodium, which are assumed to be nonlinear oscillators, are mutually connected by microscale tubes named plasmodial strand. The interactions among the oscillators can be strongly affected by the geometry and the dimension of the tube network. Investigation of the collective behavior under the condition that the configuration of the network can be manipulated gives significant information on the characteristics of the plasmodium from the viewpoint of nonlinear dynamics. In this study, we have developed a new method to control the geometry and the tube dimension of the plasmodium with a microfabricated structure. It is shown that the geometry of the plasmodium can be manipulated with a microstructure which is fabricated of ultrathick photoresist resin by photolithographic processes. In order to confirm that not only the geometry but also the dimension of the tubes can be controlled with the microstructure, we observed the cross section of the patterned plasmodium with a three-dimensional internal-structure microscope. By observing the oscillatory behavior of the partial bodies of the patterned plasmodium, it was confirmed that the coupling strength between two oscillators, which corresponds to the dimension of the plasmodial strand, can be controlled by the microstructure. It is concluded that the present method is suitable for further studies of the network of Physarum plasmodium as a collective nonlinear oscillator system.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Chemical composition ; Fatty particles ; Fine structure ; Heterosigma akashiwo ; Triacylglycerol ; Vertical migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In cells ofHeterosigma akashiwo cultured under a photoperiod of 12∶12 L∶D, one or several fatty particles have appeared, grew in size approximately the second hour of the dark period, diminished in size from the tenth hour of the dark period, and completely disappeared by the seventh hour of the light period. The particles, usually located on the side of the nucleus away from the flagellar bases, were partially surrounded by endoplasmic reticulum, but not bounded by a membrane. Lipids comprised 80% of the isolated particles fraction, proteins only 1%. Triacyl-glycerol occupied 80% of the acyllipids in the lipid fraction. Tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, and hexadecenoic acids comprised 80% of the total fatty acids composition.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Epitaxial layers of iron oxides have been grown on a MgO(001) substrate by evaporating natural Fe or57Fe from Knudsen cells in the presence of a NO2 flow directed to the substrate. The resulting layers have been investigated in situ with LEED, RHEED, AES and XPS and ex situ with CEMS and ion beam analysis. For substrate temperatures between 200 and 400°C we observe RHEED oscillations during deposition, indicative of layer-by-layer growth. By adjusting the flux of NO2 at the surface, all stable and metastable cubic phases in the Fe-O system could be grown: FeO (wustite), Fe3O4 (magnetite), γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite) and solid solutions between the latter two phases. Rutherford backscattering spectra show a relatively high minimum yield in the channel directions.
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