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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 741-750 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Hybridization histochemistry ; hybridocytochemistry ; in situ hybridization ; gene expression ; histochemical hybridization ; nucleic acid hybridization ; histocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The location of gene expression by hybridization histochemistry is being applied in many areas of research and diagnosis. The aim of this technique is to detect specific mRNA in cells and tissues by hybridization with a complementary DNA or RNA probe. Requirements for optimal specificity, sensitivity, resolution and speed of detection may not all be encompassed in one simple technique suitable for all applications, thus appropriate procedures should be selected for specific objectives. With reference to published procedures and our own extensive experience, we have evaluated fixatives, probes, labels and other aspects of the technique critical to the preservation and hybridization in situ of mRNA and detection and quantition of hybrids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Gentamicin ; Prediction equation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Aminoglycoside antibiotics have a narrow margin of safety between therapeutic and toxic levels. The current study used multiple frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis to develop prediction equations for gentamicin distribution space in neonates. Methods: Gentamicin pharmacokinetic parameters and bioimpedance were measured in 14 infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Stepwise regression analysis was used to develop predictive models, using impedance quotients (F2/R), weight and gestational age as variables, whose predictive performance was then tested in a second group of ten infants. Results: The prediction model with the smallest bias and highest concordance correlation was that which included F2/R0 and weight. This bias of 50 ml or 6.7% was less than half of that found using a model including weight alone. Conclusion: A bioelectrical impedance-based prediction equation for prediction of gentamicin distribution space in neonates was produced. Although this prediction equation represents only a small improvement over that using weight alone, this is of clinical significance due to the narrow margin between therapeutic and toxic levels for gentamicin. A clinical trial to confirm the value of this methodology is now warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) is a secreted enzyme produced predominantly by serous acinar cells of submandibular and parotid glands. We have investigated the developmental pattern of CA VI production by these glands in the sheep, from fetal life to adulthood, using immunohistochemistry. Also, a specific radioimmunoassay for CA VI was used to measure changes in enzyme expression in the parotid gland postnatally. CA VI is detectable by immunohistochemistry in parotid excretory ducts from 106 days gestation (term is 145 days), in striated ducts from 138 days and in acinar cells from 1 day postnatal. The duct cell content of CA VI declined as the acinar cell population increased, a feature also of CA VI immunoreactivity in the submandibular gland. Production of CA VI by submandibular duct cells was detectable initially at 125 days gestation, and acinar production was not seen before 29 days post-natal. Apart from the differing ontogeny of CA VI production in ducts and acini of parotid and submandibular glands, there was a parallel pattern of CA VI expression during the development of these major salivary glands.With the development of the acinar tissues in the postnatal lamb, there was a dramatic increase (about 600-fold) in the level of expression of CA VI in the parotid gland between days 7 and 59 as measured by radioimmunoassay.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 252 (1974), S. 167-168 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: preprohormone cleavage ; FMOC and BOC peptide synthesis ; sheep and trout bioassay ; renal function ; teleocalcin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The primary structure of the major protein from the Corpuscles of Stannius (CS) of the Australian eel was elucidated from the cDNA sequence and was found to bear close similarity to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the presumably homologous salmon hormone, teleocalcin (TC). The cDNA sequence predicted a preproprotein of 263 amino acids. Following removal of a 17 amino acid signal peptide, specific monobasic cleavage at an Arg-Phe bond generates the 231 amino acid mature form of the protein. The isolation and sequence determination of the prosequence confirms that the precursor contains a prosegment of 15 residues. Various fragments of the protein have been synthesized chemically and their biological activity assessed. The N-terminal 1–20 fragment of the mature protein inhibits calcium uptake in fingerling trout, the effect being similar, but not equipotent to salmon teleocalcin. Further, infusion of either the N-terminal 1–20 or the 81–94 fragment at 50 μg/h into the renal artery of conscious sheep, caused significant decreases in systemic plasma potassium concentration and in potassium excretion. The 1–20 fragment also gave rise to a small but significant increase in sodium excretion. Infusion of TC at the same rate results in a significant decrease in plasma potassium and phosphate concentration as well as a significant decrease in potassium excretion. Bovine PTH (1–34) at 100 μg/h causes a small decrease in plasma potassium and phosphate and an increase in plasma calcium concentration, and was the only peptide to cause a significant decrease in calcium excretion.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: phosphatidylcholine deacylation-reacylation ; human erythrocytes ; antigen expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The incorporation of [1-14C]palmitic or [1-14C]oleic acid into phosphatidylcholine and the effect on blood group antigen expression were examined in human erythrocytes stored at 4°C for 0-3 weeks. Blood drawn into EDTA was obtained by venepuncture from healthy volunteers. A 50% suspension of washed erythrocytes was incubated in buffer containing [1-14C]fatty acid for up to 60 min at 37°C with moderate shaking. Phosphatidylcholine was extracted and analyzed for uptake of radiolabelled fatty acid and phospholipid phosphorus content. Incorporation of [1-14C]palmitic or [1-14C]oleic acid into phosphatidylcholine was reduced during storage. The mechanism for the reduction in radiolabelled fatty acid incorporation into phosphatidylcholine was a 64% (p 〈 0.05) reduction in membrane phospholipase A2 activity. Although human erythrocyte membranes isolated from freshly drawn blood are capable of reacylating lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylcholine, with storage, a markedly different substrate preference between palmitoyl-Coenzyme A and oleoyl-Coenzyme A was observed. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activity assayed with oleoyl-Coenzyme A was unaltered with storage. In contrast, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activity assayed with palmitoyl-Coenzyme A was elevated 5.5-fold (p 〈 0.05). Despite these changes, storage of erythrocytes for up to 3 weeks did not result in altered expression of the various blood group antigens investigated. We conclude that the incorporation of palmitate and oleate into phosphatidylcholine is dramatically reduced during storage of human erythrocytes. The observed differential in vitro substrate utilization suggests that distinct acyltransferases are involved in the acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylcholine in human erythrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 127-128 (1993), S. 309-319 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase ; protein kinase anchoring proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) regulates a variety of diverse biochemical events through the phosphorylation of target proteins. Because PKA is a multifunctional enzyme with a broad substrate specificity, its compartmentalization may be a key regulatory event in controlling which particular target substrates are phosphorylated. In recent years it has been demonstrated that differential localization of the type II holoenzyme is directed through interaction of the regulatory subunit (RII) with a family ofA-KinaseAnchoringProteins (AKAPs). In this report, we review evidence for PKA compartmentalization and discuss the structural and functional properties of AKAPs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 14 (1992), S. 359-359 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal zona glomerulosa ; Ultrastructure ; Sodium depletion ; Sodium loading ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of alterations in sodium status upon the morphology of the adrenal zona glomerulosa in sheep have been examined qualitatively and quantitatively, using lightand electron microscopy, and correlated with functionally related biochemical data. With severe sodium depletion induced by parotid-cannula drainage, there was mitotic activity throughout the zona glomerulosa, and glandular cells showed striking ultrastructural changes. These changes particularly affected mitochondria, which were enlarged, rounded and showed replacement of their normal lamelliform cristae by thin elongated cristal elements and bundles of tubular “rod-like” structures. Quantitative morphometric studies showed an increase in the volumes of zona glomerulosa cells, nuclei, mitochondria, smooth and granular endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi profiles. In contrast, with dietary sodium loading, zona glomerulosa cells appeared shrunken and showed cytoplasmic lipid accumulation; mitochondria and other organelles were not significantly altered. The correlation of the ultrastructural cytological alterations in zona glomerulosa cells in sodium-depleted sheep with raised blood aldosterone levels suggests that such morphologic changes reflect a heightened capacity of these cells for aldosterone biosynthesis and secretion. These changes may also account for the increased sensitivity of the zona glomerulosa to aldosterone-producing stimuli during sodium deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 18 (1980), S. 81-86 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Blood flow ; Digitisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Blood flow detected by Doppler-shift velocimeters may be displayed using frequency analysers such as Spectrascribe (Medishield Corporation, London). To interpret these waveforms and produce rapid reliable diagnosis a digitiser/processor has been constructed. It is based on an Intel 4040 microprocessor and a Summagraphics magnetostrictive digitiser. Software is described that provides for operation either remotely via an RS232 interface or from the front panel of the instrument. Routines are provided for measurements of the various parameters used in Doppler-shift diagnosis plus general purpose area, distance and angle programs. Prompts are provided by an alphanumeric display, which also shows the relevant answer. The resulting equipment provides a simple, rapid and economic means of performing hitherto cumbersome measurements to be made routinely on a clinical basis.
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