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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 819-820 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Abhängigkeit der Entwicklungszeit wird in Wildhanfpflanzen die Verteilung des Tetrahydrocannabinols gaschromatographisch bestimmt.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a series of studies to develop an effective high speed plankton sampler, hydrodynamic research was carried out on a modified model of the Clarke Jet Net. A theoretical analysis of the motion of the sampler was made using an IBM 7040 computer, and test tows were made in an experimental ship tank and at sea. To maintain the roll angle of the sampler at approximately zero, a v-shape bridle was applied. A pair of towing holes should be selected for the particular range of towing velocity. The calculated longitudinal stability seemed good in all the cases examined. Towing tests in the ship tank at 2 to 3 m/sec revealed sufficient stability. The motion of the sampler at speeds higher than 3 m/sec can be assumed from hydrodynamic coefficients derived from the ship tank experiment. Towing-cable characteristics, assumed by computation, indicated that about 500 m at 6 kt and 1,000 m at 12 kt should be paid out to lower the sampler down to 100 m. The effect of the sampler on the cable is found only adjacent to it and is almost negligible beyond 50 m from it in depth. Results of sea tests at 6 and 9 kt confirmed the stability of the sampler. Examination of the catch suggested that the present model can be used, with some modifications, for the quantitative and qualitative sampling of large zooplankton.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 2 (1972), S. 87-90 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Molecular Evolution ; Evolutionary Distance Estimation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A set of simple equations is derived which gives the relationship between the observed amino acid differences per 100 codons and the evolutionary distance per 100 codons using Holmquist's stochastic model of molecular evolution.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 1 (1971), S. 1-17 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Molecular Evolutionary Rate ; Population Genetics Theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary There are at least two outstanding features that characterize the rate of evolution at the molecular level as compared with that at the phenotypic level. They are; (1) remarkable uniformity for each molecule, and (2) very high overall rate when extrapolated to the whole DNA content. The population dynamics for the rate of mutant substitution was developed, and it was shown that if mutant substitutions in the population are carried out mainly by natural selection, the rate of substitution is given byk = 4 N e s 1 v, whereN e is the effective population number,s 1 is the selective advantage of the mutants, andv is the mutation rate per gamete for such advantageous mutants (assuming that 4N e s 1 ≫ 1). On the other hand, if the substitutions are mainly carried out by random fixation of selectively neutral or nearly neutral mutants, we havek = v, wherev is the mutation rate per gamete for such mutants. Reasons were presented for the view that evolutionary change of amino acids in proteins has been mainly caused by random fixation of neutral mutants rather than by natural selection. It was concluded that if this view is correct, we should expect that genes of “living fossils” have undergone almost as many DNA base replacements as the corresponding genes of more rapidly evolving species.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 1 (1971), S. 18-25 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Rate of Evolution ; Random Fixation ; Nearly Neutral Mutations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The variations of evolutionary rates in hemoglobins and cytochrome c among various lines of vertebrates are analysed by estimating the variance. The observed variances appear to be larger than expected purely by chance. If the amino acid substitutions in evolution are the result of random fixation of selectively neutral or nearly neutral mutations, the evolutionary rate of cistrons can be represented by the integral of the product of mutation rate and fixation probability in terms of selective values around the neutral point. This integral is called the effective neutral mutation rate. The influence of effective population number and generation time on the effective neutral mutation rate is discussed. It is concluded that the uniformity of the rate of amino acid substitutions over diverse lines is compatible with random fixation of neutral or very slightly deleterious mutations which have some chance of being selected against during the course of substitution. On the other hand, definitely advantageous mutations will introduce significant variation in the substitution rate among lines. Approximately 10% of the amino acid substitutions of average cistrons might be adaptive and create slight but significant variations in evolutionary rate among vertebrate lines, although the uniformity of evolutionary rate is still valid as a first approximation.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Strukturaufklärung eines Bradykinnin-potenzierenden Peptids, Peptids A, aus dem Gift vonAgkistrodon halys blomhoffii.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Potenz sechs β-adrenergischer Blockierungsmittel auf positiv inotrope Wirkung von Noradrenalin am isolierten, Blut zuführenden Papillarmuskel des Hundes vergleichend untersucht. Die Reihenfolge der Wirksamkeit: Köl366〉pindolol〉C-3〉Y-6124=YB−2 = propranolol (30:10:5:1)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 1322-1323 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nachweis, dass durch langdauernde Äthanol-Zufuhr die Adenyl-Zyklase-Aktivität in der Grosshirnrinde von Mäusen vermehrt wird, während die fermentative Aktivität bei der akuten Zufuhr sich nicht verändert. Die Empfindlichkeit der Adenyl-Zyklase-Aktivität auf Norepinephrin im Mäusegehrin ist nach dieser Äthanol-Zufuhr deutlich herabgesetzt.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 3 (1965), S. 164-173 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Vakuum-Ultraviolettspektren von Styrol, Benzaldehyd, Acetophenon und Benzoni-tril im Bereich von 1500 bis 2200 Å wurden gemessen: 200, 196, 189, 180 und 163 mμ für Styrol, 195,186,178 und 165 mμ für Benzaldehyd, 196, 191, 179 und 167 mμ für Acetophenon und 187,5, 180 und 167 mμ für Benzonitril im Vakuum-UV-Bereich. Berechnungen der π-Elektronensysteme der drei erstgenannten Verbindungen wurden unter Einschluß von Konfigurationen mit und ohne Charge Transfer durchgeführt und ergaben Übergangsenergien und Oszillatorstärken, die mit den Meßwerten befriedigend übereinstim-men. Zum oberen Zustand der 238 mμ-Bande von Styrol trägt die Charge Transfer Konfiguration 58% bei, und zu dem der 232 mμ-Bande von Benzaldehyd sogar 68%, woraus hervorgeht, daß es sich bei diesen beiden Banden um intramolekulare Charge Transfer Banden handelt. Die Elektronenaffinität der C=C- und der C=O-Gruppe beträgt nach diesen Berech-nungen −0,84, bzw. −1,20 eV.
    Abstract: Résumé Nous avons mesuré les spectres d'absorption du styrène, du benzaldehyde, de l'acéto-phénone et du benzonitrile entre 1500 et 2200 Å. Les bandes se situent à 200, 196, 89, 180 et 163 mπ pour le styrène; à 195, 186, 178 et 165 mπ pour le benzaldéhyde; à 196, 191, 179 et 167 mπ pour l'acétophénone et à 187,5, 180 et 167 mπ pour le bentonitrile. Les structures π-électroniques des trois premières molécules ont été étudiées, en considé-rant l'interaction entre les configurations forndamentales, localement excitées et excitées avec transfert de charge. Les énergies et forces oscillatrices calculées s'accordent bien aux valeurs observées. Le calcul montre que la configuration à transfert de charge entre avec 58% dans la bande à 238 mπ du styrène, et avec 68% dans celle à 232 mπ du benzaldéhyde. Par conséquent ces deux bandes peuvent être attribuées au transfert de charge intramoléculaire. Notre analyse des spectres donne les affinités électroniques des groupes C=C et C=O à −0,84 et −1,20 eV, respectivement.
    Notes: Abstract The vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra of styrene, benzaldehyde, acetophenone and benzonitrile have been measured in the wavelength region of 1500 to 2200 Å. The absorption bands in the vacuum ultraviolet region appear at 200, 196, 189, 180 and 163 mμ for styrene; at 195,186, 178 and 165 mμ for benzaldehyde; at 196, 191, 179 and 167 mμ for acetophenone; at 187.5, 180 and 167 mμ for benzonitrile. Theoretical studies of π-electron structures have been carried out with styrene, benzal-dehyde and acetophenone by considering configurational interactions among the ground, locally excited, and charge-transfer configurations. The calculated transition energies and oscillator strengths are in good agreement with the observed values. The theoretical results show that the contribution of the charge-transfer configuration amounts to 58 and 68% in the excited states of the 238 mμ band of styrene and of the 232 mμ band of benzaldehyde respectively. This means that these two bands may be regarded as the intramolecular charge-transfer band. The electron affinity of the C=C and C=O groups were determined to be respectively −0.84 and −1.20 eV from the present analysis of the ultraviolet spectra.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 29 (1973), S. 556-558 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im 24-h-Urin von Frauen mit der seltenen Itai-itai-Krankheit wurde das gleicheβ 2-mikroglobulin nachgewiesen, das auch bei chronischer Cadmium-Intoxikation ausgeschieden wird.
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