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  • Springer  (191)
  • Oxford University Press  (68)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)  (35)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
  • 2010-2014  (235)
  • 1975-1979  (71)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 49 (1978), S. 197-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Total fatty acid compositions of colonies of two hermatypic, reef-building corals collected during the day-time over a depth range of 21 m were determined to assess the effect of depth-related environmental factors upon the lipid content of these organisms. No systematic changes were found, suggesting a steady-state balance between algal and animal lipogenesis in these symbiotic partnerships. Stephanocoenia michelinii, a day and night feeder, contained lipids indicative of external dietary sources such as copepods, whereas Montastrea annularis, a night feeder, did not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 20 (1975), S. 31-49 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Electron-microscope autoradiography of diaphragm endplates of the American brown bat, labeled to saturation with tritiated α-bungarotoxin, has been used as a means to localize and quantitate the acetylcholine receptor there. Analysis of the grain distribution in these autoradiographs reveals that the receptor sites in this endplate are located on the postsynaptic membrane at an average density of 8,800/μ2. The sites are distributed asymmetrically along that membrane, being concentrated at the crests of the postjunctional folds—that portion nearest to the presynaptic membrane. The receptor site density at these regions of the postsynaptic membrane is estimated to be 20,000–25,000/μ2 of membrane surface. A comparison of these membrane site densities with those of endplates of red and white fibers of the mouse reveals a close similarity. On this basis, it is suggested that the receptor site density at the crests of the folds may be a characteristic feature of endplates of vertebrates. In contrast to the acetylcholine receptor sites, cholinesterase sites (determined autoradiographically in3H-diisopropylfluorophosphate-labeled endplates) are largely distributed in a uniform manner over the postjunctional folds. The function of the secondary folds is, therefore, reassessed. Ultrastructural evidence available from other laboratories on the spatial characteristics of transmitter release and of postsynaptic dense particles is in accord with a model drawn for this molecular architecture at the vertebrate endplate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 21 (1976), S. 79-83 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes an approach to the analysis of the inputoutput relationships present in a neuron pool that receives a number of inputs. These inputs consist of primary inputs to the neuron pool and inputs resulting from feedback of information from the neuron pool as well. Multiple input-output relationships are obtained in terms of the synaptic weightings of the inputs, the membrane response characteristics of the neurons and the conduction delays on the feedback pathways.y=(I+MHD) -1 ·MFx is the explicit representation of the cell pool behavior assuming quasi-linear conditions, wherey is the output vector of cell responses,I is the identity matrix,M is the response matrix of the cells,H is the feedback synaptic weighting matrix,D is the delay matrix,F is the input weighting matrix, andx is the input vector. It is shown that a solution to this formulation exists, is unique, is stable, and can be computed by specified algorithms. An insight gained from this formulation suggests that the output of each cell in the pool is related to virtually all of the inputs to the pool and the outputs of all cells in the pool.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Blue-green algae ; Gas vesicles ; Gas vacuoles ; Pseudovacuoles ; Growth ; Photosynthesis ; Oxygen evolution ; Pigments ; Light shielding ; Volume regulation ; Free space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Physiological evidence was obtained for a light shielding role for gas vacuoles inMicrocystis aeruginosa Kuetz. emend. Elenkin, by comparing photosynthetic oxygen evolution, growth behaviour and pigment composition of cells with intact or collapsed gas vacuoles. The oxygen evolution rates were strongly dependent on cell concentration, a maximum rate for cells with intact gas vacuoles occurring at about 1.4×109 cells/ml and for cells with collapsed gas vacuoles at about 2.5×109 cells/ml. By using light saturation curves for oxygen evolution, it was estimated that at low light intensities up to 30% of the photosynthetically useable light was shielded at a cell concentration of 6×108 cells/ml. Collapsing the gas vacuoles twice daily did not alter the initial growth rate of the cultures, but enabled them to reach a higher final cell density. Collapsing of gas vacuoles during growth for about four generations resulted in a lower level of all acetone soluble pigments with a greater relative reduction in carotenoids than in chlorophyll a. Collapse of the gas vacuoles does not alter the cell volume. Various optical interactions which could account for light shielding are discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theory of computing systems 13 (1979), S. 237-254 
    ISSN: 1433-0490
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Let {U 1 ,⋯,Un} denote stochastic processes with imbedded signals {u 1 ,⋯,un} respectively. A mapT is said to extract {u 1,⋯,un} without distortion provided $$\xi _i = Tu_i , i = 1,...,n$$ whereξ i , i = 1,⋯,n are chosen apriori. The mapT is said to be optimal whenever it minimizes $$J(T) = E\sum\limits_i {||\Xi _\iota - TU_i ||^2 } $$ whereΞ i , i = i,⋯,n are suitable stochastic processes. The mapT is called an optimal distortion free signal extractor if it also is causal. This paper analyses polynomic optimal distortion free signal extractors.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 63 (1976), S. 207-211 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theory of computing systems 11 (1977), S. 259-274 
    ISSN: 1433-0490
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract LetK denote an arbitrary compact subset of realL 2. Letf be any causal continuous function onL 2. Then there is a linear differential system:ż(t)=A(t)z(t)+B(t)u(t), and a memoryless polynomic state to output mapw(t)=φ(z(t),t) such that the system, $$\hat f$$ , thereby computed satisfies $$\mathop {\sup }\limits_{u \in K} ||f(u) - \hat f(u)||〈 \varepsilon$$ whereε 〉0 is arbitrary. This and other results are developed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 14 (1975), S. 926-930 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nachdem auf die Vorteile desCouette-Viskosimeters für Viskositätsmessungen bei hohen Schergeschwindigkeiten hingewiesen worden ist, werden wesentliche Verbesserungen des Geräts nachBarber beschrieben, die zur Entwicklung eines Instruments geführt haben, das Messungen unter laminaren Scherbedingungen über mehrere Dekaden der Schergeschwindigkeit erlaubt. Der Bereich ist mehr als doppelt so groß wie bei früher beschriebenen Instrumenten und reicht bis über 106 sec−1. Dabei tritt nur eine geringe viskose Erwärmung auf, und es kann noch bei Temperaturen von mehr als 100°C gemessen werden.
    Notes: Summary The advantages of theCouette-type concentric cylinder viscometer have been cited for making viscosity measurements at high shear rates. Significant improvements in theBarber design are described which have resulted in the development of an instrument which can make measurements under laminar shear conditions at over several decades of shear rate. The range is over twice that of previous instruments demonstrating the achievement of shear rates to above 1 000 000 sec−1, and with minimum viscous heating and over a temperature range of over 100°C.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 16 (1977), S. 568-572 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wenn Normalkraftmessungen in Kegel-Platte-, Platte-Platte-Anordnungen oder in exzentrisch rotierenden Scheiben durchgeführt werden, ist meistens eine Korrektur für die auftretenden Trägheitseffekte erforderlich. Dies ist besonders dann notwendig, wenn die Messungen bei hohen Rotationsgeschwindigkeiten sowie großen Radien der Meßsysteme durchgeführt werden oder bei Substanzen, die unter den Testbedingungen nur kleine Normalkräfte zeigen (z.B. bei Lösungen mit niedriger Viskosität und geringer Elastizität). Theoretische Ausdrücke für diese Korrekturen werden angegeben. Diese wurden für eine Anzahl von newtonschen Lösungen und für verschiedene Meßanordnungen getestet. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse zeigen — bei einem maximalen Fehler von 4% —, daß die Theorie gut bestätigt wird. Die Oberflächenspannung hat keinen Einfluß auf die Ergebnisse. Die notwendige Korrektur in exzentrisch rotierenden Scheiben ist nicht gleich der in Kegel-Platte- oder Platte-Platte-Anordnungen. Es wird darüber hinaus gezeigt, daß der Fehler bei der Bestimmung der 1. Normalspannungsdifferenz in Polymerlösungen extrem große Werte annehmen kann. Die 1. Normalspannungsdifferenz kann negativ werden, wenn die erforderliche Korrektur nicht durchgeführt wird. Dies wird am Beispiel von wäßrigen Polyacrylamidlösungen demonstriert.
    Notes: Summary When making normal-force measurements in cone-and-plate, parallel plate, or Eccentric Rotating Disc (E. R. D.) geometries, a correction for inertial effects is often imperative. This is especially true when making measurements at high rotation speeds, using large diameter tools, or when the material under test generates little normal-force (e. g. for fluids of low viscosity and elasticity). Theoretical expressions for this correction are quoted herein and are tested for a variety of Newtonian fluids and test geometries. These are found to be accurate to within an experimental error of maximal 4%. Surface tension has no influence. The correction for parallel plate and cone-and-plate is different from that for E.R.D. It is also demonstrated herein that failure to make this correction can lead to apparent first normalstress differences which are greatly in error and even negative for polymer solutions. This is illustrated with an example using aqueous polyacrylamide solutions.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 18 (1979), S. 657-661 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Messungen bei stationärer Scherung (Viskosität und erste Normalspannungsdifferenz), harmonischperiodischer Scherbeanspruchung (dynamische Viskosität und Speichermodul), sowie rheo-optische Messungen (Mikrophotographien unter polarisiertem Licht während der Scherung mit stroboskopischer Beleuchtung) wurden an einem konzentrierten Poly-β-Benzyl-Aspartat-Gel durchgeführt. Die Eigenschaften erwiesen sich in ausgeprägter Weise als von der Scherungsvorgeschichte abhängig. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf die Existenz einer scherempfindlichen, heilbaren Netzwerkstruktur hin.
    Notes: Summary Steady shear (viscosity and first normal stress difference), dynamic (viscosity and storage modulus), and rheo-optical measurements (polarized light micrographs taken during shear with stroboscopic illumination) were all made on a concentrated gel of poly-β-benzyl-aspartate. The properties were found to be strongly dependent on prior shear history. Results are consistent with the existence of a shear-sensitive and healable network.
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