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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Report On ‘ChemLinks: Changing the Way Students Learn Chemistry’ (1998)
    Springer
    The chemical educator 3 (1998), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract ChemLinks is a collaborative effort by over seventy active participants from twenty-four academic institutions to write, test, and disseminate topical modules to be used to teach chemistry in the first and second years of the college curriculum. Twenty-four modules are currently under development and an additional seven will be started this year. In this workshop the leaders discussed the plan and philosophy behind this project and presented components from two modules as examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00897980171a
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Report On ‘Chemistry in a Biological Context’ (1998)
    Springer
    The chemical educator 3 (1998), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The American Chemical Society has started its first large-scale project related to opening up new options for undergraduate majors. Tentatively titled ‘Chemistry in a Biological Context,’ the work has only just begun. Participants are invited to provide early feedback into the nature and shape of the project.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00897980177a
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Report On ‘Comprehensive Curricular Change at a Small Liberal Arts College: Bioorganic First at Juniata College’ (1998)
    Springer
    The chemical educator 3 (1998), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Because the conceptual basis of the curriculum is that the majority of the students are not chemists, participants in this session examined which aspects of organic chemistry are really necessary for a nonchemical (mostly biological) audience. Participants learned about Juniata’s solution to this curriculum problem and considered whether any of the ideas are useful in other settings. An important consideration is whether the curriculum is indivisible or whether certain parts can be adopted without others. Particular examples from the Juniata curriculum were described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00897980165a
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental Studies of Shear Deformation of Mantle Materials: Towards Structural Geology of the Mantle (1998)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 151 (1998), S. 589-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Simple shear deformation, structural geology, seismic anisotropy, partial melting, lattice preferred orientation, shear localization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —A brief outline is given on experimental studies carried out in the Minnesota Mineral and Rock Physics Laboratory of microstructural evolution and rheology of mantle mineral aggregates or their analogues, using a simple shear deformation geometry. A simple shear deformation geometry allows us to unambiguously identify controlling factors of microstructural evolution and to obtain large strains at high pressures and temperatures, and thus provides a unique opportunity to investigate the "structural geology of the mantle." We have developed a simple shear deformation technique for use at high pressures and temperatures (pressure up to 16 GPa and temperature up to 2000 K) in both gas-medium and solid-medium apparati. This technique has been applied to the following mineral systems (i) olivine aggregates, (ii) olivine basaltic melt, (iii) CaTiO3 perovskite aggregates. The results have provided important data with which to understand the dynamics of the earth’s mantle, including the geometry of mantle convection, mechanisms of melt distribution and migration beneath mid-ocean ridges, and the mechanisms of shear localization. Limitations of laboratory studies and future directions are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050131
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new TNFA promoter allele identified in South American Blacks (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 44 (1996), S. 485-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050158
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Webs of Archived Distributed Computations for Asynchronous Collaboration (1997)
    Springer
    The journal of supercomputing 11 (1997), S. 101-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0484
    Keywords: distributed systems ; archiving ; transactions ; distributed sessions ; global snapshots ; asynchronous collaboration ; world wide web ; infospheres ; components ; composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We identify the mechanisms needed to construct archivable webs of distributed asynchronous collaborations and experiments. The distinguishing feature of our approach is that the component tools, software, data, and even participants are distributed over a worldwide network. We perform a requirements analysis of an infrastructure that supports such applications, and present the Caltech Infospheres Infrastructure as a prototype that satisfies the requirements identified. In describing this prototype, we highlight the useful mechanisms provided, present an algorithm for using the Infospheres Infrastructure to perform asynchronous global snapshots for archiving, and suggest future areas of exploration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007903821879
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusivity of Bile Salt/Phospholipid Aggregates in Mucin (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 13 (1996), S. 535-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: bile salt ; phospholipid ; diffusion ; mucin ; NMR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the mucous layer on the transport of the drug-solubilizing bile salt/phosphatidylcholine (BS/PC) aggregates. Methods. The self-diffusion coefficient of BS/PC aggregates in bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) was measured by Fourier-transform pulsed-field gradient spin-echo (FT-PGSE) 1H NMR spectroscopy. Results. In spite of the complexity of the mixture, the FT-PGSE technique allowed the unambiguous determination of the diffusivity of PC and 1H2HO (HDO, natural abundance in D2O). With a series of BS/ PC total lipid concentrations ranging from 1 to 7 g/dl, a progressive decrease in the effective diffusivity of HDO was observed with an increase in the both the BSM and total lipid concentration. The effective diffusivity of PC decreased with increasing lipid concentrations in the presence of mucin, while in the controls it increased. After correcting the effective diffusivity of PC for the obstruction effect of mucin, the size of the BS/PC mixed micelle was assessed. It appears that PC associates with BSM resulting in a decrease in the available PC for micellization. This reduces the average size of the mixed micelle within the mucous layer. Conclusions. The aggregation state of BS/PC micelle is altered by the presence of mucin which would have a direct impact on the transport of dietary lipid and solubilized drug through the aqueous boundary layer of the intestinal tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016085719058
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of Effect of Catheterization on the Pharmacokinetics of (-)-Carbovir in Rats (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 13 (1996), S. 1417-1418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016094521668
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative Brain Exposure to (-)-Carbovir After (-)-Carbovir or (-)-6-Aminocarbovir Intravenous Infusion in Rats (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 911-915 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: brain uptake ; (-)-carbovir ; (-)-6-aminocarbovir ; pro-drug
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. Evaluate the ability of (-)-6-aminocarbovir ((-)-6AC) to improve the CNS exposure to (-)-carbovir ((-)-CBV). Methods. Activation of (-)-6AC in vitro was assessed by incubations of rat brain tissue homogenates. The in vivo brain exposure to (-)-CBV was then examined in rats after iv infusions of either (-)-CBV (n = 4) or (-)-6AC (n = 5). The drugs were infused to steady-state via the jugular vein. At the end of the infusion, a bolus of [3H]inulin was injected via the femoral vein in order to obtain an estimate of the brain vascular space. Results. (-)-6AC was converted to (-)-CBV by incubations of rat brain tissue homogenates. After iv infusion of (-)-CBV, the brain/ blood concentration ratio of (-)-CBV was 0.032 ± 0.009. The brain/ blood concentration ratio of (-)-CBV after iv infusion of (-)-6AC was 0.080 ± 0.020. Conclusions. (-)-6AC improved the brain delivery of (-)-CBV, although the absolute exposure of the brain tissue to (-)-CBV was still quite low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016229624703
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a Solid State Reaction Product from a Lyophilized Formulation of a Cyclic Heptapeptide. A Novel Example of an Excipient-Induced Oxidation (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 13 (1996), S. 1811-1814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: peptide stability ; peptide formulation ; oxidation ; fibrinogen receptor antagonist ; mannitol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To elucidate the structure of a degradation product arising from a lyophilized formulation of a cyclic heptapeptide, and to provide a mechanism to account for its formation. Methods. Preparative HPLC was used to isolate the degradate in quantities sufficient for structural studies. A structure assignment was made on the basis of the compounds spectroscopic properties (UV, MS, NMR) and the results of amino acid analysis. Results. The degradate was identified as a benzaldehyde derivative arising from the oxidative deamination of an aminomethyl phenylalanine moiety. The extent of formation of this product is influenced by the amount of mannitol used as an excipient in the formulation. A mechanism is proposed whereby reducing sugar impurities in mannitol act as an oxidizing agent via the intermediacy of Schiff base adducts which subsequently undergo tautomerization and hydrolysis. Conclusions. Reducing sugar impurities in mannitol are responsible for the oxidative degradation of the peptide via a mechanism that involves Schiff base intermediates. This mechanism may be a potential route of degradation of other arylmethyl amines in mannitol-based formulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016024923002
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