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  • Springer  (55)
  • 1995-1999  (50)
  • 1960-1964  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adverse Health Experiences, Environmental Attitudes, and Pesticide Usage Behavior of Farm Operators (1999)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 283-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Risk perception ; pesticides ; pest management ; health effects ; agricultural pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Water pollution from agricultural pesticides continues to be a public concern. Given that the use of such pesticides on the farm is largely governed by voluntary behavior, it is important to understand what drives farmer behavior. Health belief models in public health and social psychology argue that persons who have adverse health experiences are likely to undertake preventive behavior. An analogous hypothesis set was tested here: farmers who believe they have had adverse health experiences from pesticides are likely to have heightened concerns about pesticides and are more likely to take greater precautions in dealing with pesticides. This work is based on an original survey of a population of 2700 corn and soybean growers in Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania using the U.S. Department of Agriculture data base. It was designed as a mail survey with telephone follow-up, and resulted in a 60 percent response rate. Farm operators report experiencing adverse health problems they believe are associated with pesticides that is equivalent to an incidence rate that is higher than the reported incidence of occupational pesticide poisonings, but similar to the reported incidence of all pesticide poisonings. Farmers who report experiencing such problems have more heightened concerns about water pollution from fertilizers and pesticides, and illness and injury from mixing, loading, and applying pesticides than farmers who have not experienced such problems. Farmers who report experiencing such problems also are more likely to report using alternative pest management practices than farmers who do not report having such problems. This implies that farmers who have had such experiences do care about the effects of application and do engage in alternative means of pest management, which at least involve the reduction in pesticide use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006929812285
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model of cell cycle behavior dominated by kinetics of a pathway stimulated by growth factors (1999)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 917-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A modified version of a previously developed mathematical model [Obeyesekere et al., Cell Prolif. (1997)] of the G1-phase of the cell cycle is presented. This model describes the regulation of the G1-phase that includes the interactions of the nuclear proteins, RB, cyclin E, cyclin D, cdk2, cdk4 and E2F. The effects of the growth factors on cyclin D synthesis under saturated or unsaturated growth factor conditions are investigated based on this model. The solutions to this model (a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations) are discussed with respect to existing experiments. Predictions based on mathematical analysis of this model are presented. In particular, results are presented on the existence of two stablesolutions, i. e., bistability within the G1-phase. It is shown that this bistability exists under unsaturated growth factor concentration levels. This phenomenon is very noticeable if the efficiency of the signal transduction, initiated by the growth factors leading to cyclin D synthesis, is low. The biological significance of this result as well as possible experimental designs to test these predictions are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1999.0118
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Survey of Approaches for Assessing and Managing the Risk of Extremes (1999)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Extreme events ; risk assessment ; risk management ; extreme value theory ; judgmental distributions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we review methods for assessing and managing the risk of extreme events, where “extreme events” are defined to be rare, severe, and outside the normal range of experience of the system in question. First, we discuss several systematic approaches for identifying possible extreme events. We then discuss some issues related to risk assessment of extreme events, including what type of output is needed (e.g., a single probability vs. a probability distribution), and alternatives to the probabilistic approach. Next, we present a number of probabilistic methods. These include: guidelines for eliciting informative probability distributions from experts; maximum entropy distributions; extreme value theory; other approaches for constructing prior distributions (such as reference or noninformative priors); the use of modeling and decomposition to estimate the probability (or distribution) of interest; and bounding methods. Finally, we briefly discuss several approaches for managing the risk of extreme events, and conclude with recommendations and directions for future research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006958311241
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of the liquid state (1964)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 3 (1964), S. 294-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Neue Überlegungen unter Verwendung eines kürzlich vorgeschlagenen Modells für die allgemeine Flüssigkeit gestatten auf einheitlicher Grundlage die Entwicklung eines Systems, das eine beliebige Kombination der drei Größen Dichte, Viskosität und Temperatur funktionell miteinander verknüpft. Die Dichte- und Viskositätsfunktionen werden geprüft mit Daten für fünfzehn verschiedene Substanzen, inklusive Salzzchmelzen, assoziierte und nicht assoziierte Flüssigkeiten. Die Frage der allgemeinen Verwendbarkeit der entwickelten Formeln wird kurz diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary On the basis of a generalized model for the liquid state which has previously been proposed, a new and improved rationalization is presented by which can be derived an accurate equation to represent the variation of liquid viscosities with temperature changes. The same model has been used to deduce a function which correctly represents the variation of liquid densities with temperature, and a reciprocal relationship between the latter two expressions leads to an equation between visocsity and density which is independent of temperature. The density and viscosity functions are tested with data for fifteen substances including associated and non-associated liquids, and molten salts. Considerations regarding the possible generality of the proposed functions are briefly examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02096165
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Choices and Consequences of Oviposition by Hylemya (Delia) Sp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 11 (1998), S. 371-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: oviposition behavior ; host selection ; offspring performance ; predispersal seed predation ; Anthomyiidae ; Hylemya ; Delia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hylema sp. 5 females oviposit on the undersides of sepals of developing buds of both Ipomopsis aggregata and Polemonium foliosissimum. Eggs deposited on the latter are significantly more likely to be fully protected by the sepal than are eggs deposited on the former. Unexposed eggs have a significantly greater likelihood of successfully developing to the larval stage than do exposed eggs. The difference in frequency of egg exposure on the two plant species can be attributed to differences in sepal morphology: I. aggregata sepals are significantly narrower than those of P. foliosissimum. The hypothesis that females preferentially oviposit on larger flowers was unconfirmed by a manipulative choice experiment. Plants differing in the size of their flowers were potted together and presented to Hylemya in arrays in the field. Flowers of the larger-flowered pair were no more likely to be oviposited on than flowers of the smaller-flowered pair. However, there were significant negative correlations between the corolla length and the percentage of flowers laid on per day at each of two sites. There was also a significant positive correlation between the corolla width and the percentage of flowers laid on at one site. Thus females appear to be using some measure of flower morphology, or a correlated trait, in making oviposition decisions. The degree to which Hylemya is making suboptimal choices between host plant species is discussed and requires further examination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020902714225
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental Studies of Shear Deformation of Mantle Materials: Towards Structural Geology of the Mantle (1998)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 151 (1998), S. 589-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Simple shear deformation, structural geology, seismic anisotropy, partial melting, lattice preferred orientation, shear localization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —A brief outline is given on experimental studies carried out in the Minnesota Mineral and Rock Physics Laboratory of microstructural evolution and rheology of mantle mineral aggregates or their analogues, using a simple shear deformation geometry. A simple shear deformation geometry allows us to unambiguously identify controlling factors of microstructural evolution and to obtain large strains at high pressures and temperatures, and thus provides a unique opportunity to investigate the "structural geology of the mantle." We have developed a simple shear deformation technique for use at high pressures and temperatures (pressure up to 16 GPa and temperature up to 2000 K) in both gas-medium and solid-medium apparati. This technique has been applied to the following mineral systems (i) olivine aggregates, (ii) olivine basaltic melt, (iii) CaTiO3 perovskite aggregates. The results have provided important data with which to understand the dynamics of the earth’s mantle, including the geometry of mantle convection, mechanisms of melt distribution and migration beneath mid-ocean ridges, and the mechanisms of shear localization. Limitations of laboratory studies and future directions are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050131
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2,6-Diamino-2,6-Didesoxy-D-Allose aus Glukosamin unter Verwendung einer Inversion mit Thionylchlorid (1964)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 51 (1964), S. 509-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00632214
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Webs of Archived Distributed Computations for Asynchronous Collaboration (1997)
    Springer
    The journal of supercomputing 11 (1997), S. 101-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0484
    Keywords: distributed systems ; archiving ; transactions ; distributed sessions ; global snapshots ; asynchronous collaboration ; world wide web ; infospheres ; components ; composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We identify the mechanisms needed to construct archivable webs of distributed asynchronous collaborations and experiments. The distinguishing feature of our approach is that the component tools, software, data, and even participants are distributed over a worldwide network. We perform a requirements analysis of an infrastructure that supports such applications, and present the Caltech Infospheres Infrastructure as a prototype that satisfies the requirements identified. In describing this prototype, we highlight the useful mechanisms provided, present an algorithm for using the Infospheres Infrastructure to perform asynchronous global snapshots for archiving, and suggest future areas of exploration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007903821879
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Report On ‘Chemistry in a Biological Context’ (1998)
    Springer
    The chemical educator 3 (1998), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The American Chemical Society has started its first large-scale project related to opening up new options for undergraduate majors. Tentatively titled ‘Chemistry in a Biological Context,’ the work has only just begun. Participants are invited to provide early feedback into the nature and shape of the project.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00897980177a
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Report On ‘ChemLinks: Changing the Way Students Learn Chemistry’ (1998)
    Springer
    The chemical educator 3 (1998), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract ChemLinks is a collaborative effort by over seventy active participants from twenty-four academic institutions to write, test, and disseminate topical modules to be used to teach chemistry in the first and second years of the college curriculum. Twenty-four modules are currently under development and an additional seven will be started this year. In this workshop the leaders discussed the plan and philosophy behind this project and presented components from two modules as examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00897980171a
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