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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convergence of inflation: A necessary prerequisite for EMU? (1996)
    Springer
    Open economies review 7 (1996), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-708X
    Keywords: European monetary unification ; inflation convergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This article assesses the rationale for inflation convergence as a major criterion for the passage to the final stage of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). A simple two-country model is developed to examine the effects of the change in regime under different hypotheses concerning agents' expectations. The results suggest that, in the absence of convergence, the move to EMU is likely to produce spillover effects from the high-inflation to the low-inflation country. The latter, therefore, has a strong incentive to request strict convergence criteria for inflation before moving to EMU.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01891899
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Free’ iron, as detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, increases unequally in different tissues during dietary iron overload in the rat (1996)
    Springer
    BioMetals 9 (1996), S. 98-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy ; free iron ; iron overload ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract ‘Free’ iron concentration, as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and lipid peroxidation (LPO), as determined by thiobarbituric acid test, were assessed in the lung, heart, liver, spleen, brain and kidney of rats subjected to experimental iron overload. Two tests, Desferal- and NO-available iron, were used to measure ‘free’ iron and gave comparable results. The most pronounced accumulation of ‘free’ iron was observed in liver, kidney and spleen. Differences between control and iron loaded animals increased during the initial 90 days of treatment. Between 90 and 180 days ‘free’ iron concentration reached a steady state level, or even decreased, as in the case of liver. Lipid peroxidation level, measured in the organs of both treated and matched controls, did not give any significant difference during the initial 90 days of treatment. A significant augmentation was observed in liver, kidney, spleen and heart at 180 days. The results of the present research show that, under conditions of moderate siderosis, the occurrence of LPO is partially related to the level of ‘free’ iron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188097
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of qualitative inventory sampling using electric fishing and nets in a large, tropical river (Brazil) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 389 (1998), S. 89-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: large tropical river ; Paraná ; diversity ; qualitative sampling ; electric fishing ; gillnet ; seine net
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Qualitative fish sampling (single catch) using three methods (electric fishing, gillnets, seine nets) was assessed at three sites in the Ivai River (Paraná State, Brazil) to check their usefulness for quick inventory investigations. Electric fishing at a constant effort (15 min per each) was considered to be the best sampling technique. Taxon richness was calculated as the expected number of species using a rarefraction technique. Samples of 300–325 individuals, and 6–10 repetitions in neighbouring segments were sufficient. Even though electric fishing was conducted with the same effort in similar segments at each site there were many differences in species abundance. This suggests that the estimated fish specimen number obtained with constant effort is of limited validity on one sampling occasion and may be best considered as an ‘index of density’ only. The differences may partially be caused by the segments being located along the right and left bank of the large river (problem of different habitats). Qualitative and quantitative differences between electric fishing, gill-netting and seine-netting samples were very high at a high significance level. Nevertheless, as 22.4% taxa were caught only by gill or seine nets, these gears were important for complementing the species list.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003575514958
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared Studies of Ar(H2)2 at Low Temperature and High Pressure (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 111 (1998), S. 703-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An extensive infrared absorption study of the compound Ar(H 2)2 in the range of pressure from 5 to 30 GPa, and between 30 K and room temperature is presented. This study has permitted the identification and assignment of high–frequency and low frequency vibron–phonon combination bands, as well as of the roto–vibrational bands. Spectra changes lowering temperature, with the appearance of the Q 1(0) vibrational peak, are interpreted as arising from conversion of ortho–hydrogen into para–hydrogen in the solid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022222222426
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial variation of zooplankton groups in a tropical reservoir (Broa Reservoir, São Paulo State-Brazil) (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 357 (1997), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: zooplankton ecology ; spatial variation ; reservoirs ; geostatistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the spatial variation of zooplanktonic groups(cladocerans, rotifers, nauplii and adults of copepods) in the Broareservoir was studied using geostatistical tools. The variation inthe density of cladocerans and nauplii and adults of copepods isstructured along the geographic space in the form of gradients, whichimplies the rejection of the hypothesis of spatial homogeneity andrandomness. In other words, the variation in the density of thesegroups is not distributed randomly over the geographic space. Thepatterns of spatial variation observed can be attributed to differentfactors (advection, behavioral mechanisms and limnological factors).The last conclusion is congruent with the multiple forces hypothesis(Pinel-Alloul, 1995; Pinel-Alloul et al., 1995). Implications tosampling methodology are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003178618304
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    This paper was incompletely published in Topics in Catalysis Volume 3 (1996) pp. 387–406. The complete version is printed below. (1999)
    Springer
    Topics in catalysis 9 (1999), S. 251-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9028
    Keywords: Wells–Dawson heteropoly compound ; oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane ; isobutene synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal stability of the Wells–Dawson heteropoly compound K6P2W18O62·10H2O was examined under both reducing and oxidizing conditions, and its structural and morphological evolution was characterized by several complementary solid state techniques. It is shown that the primary structure of the title compound remains intact up to 770 K, while at higher temperature structural changes and rearrangements are observed. These modifications depend considerably on the treatment conditions and catalyst composition. Under oxidizing conditions the Wells–Dawson compound rearranges with formation of a mixed phase containing the Keggin-type unit K3PW12O40 and the hexatungstate K2W6O19. Furthermore, the catalytic activity in the oxidation of isobutane is affected considerably by these changes. The best catalytic performance was shown by the rearranged Wells–Dawson compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019187211613
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability and catalytic properties of the Wells-Dawson K6P2W18O62·10H2O heteropoly compound in the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene (1996)
    Springer
    Topics in catalysis 3 (1996), S. 387-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9028
    Keywords: Wells-Dawson heteropoly compound ; Keggin heteropoly compound ; oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane ; isobutane synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal stability of the Wells-Dawson heteropoly compound K6P2W18O62·10H2 was examined under both reducing and oxidizing conditions, and its structural and morphological evolution was characterized by several complementary solid state techniques. It is shown that the primary structure of this compound remains intact up to 770 K, while at higher temperature structural changes and rearrangements are observed. These modifications depend considerably on the treatment conditions and catalyst composition. Under oxidizing conditions the Wells-Dawson compound rearranges with formation of a mixed phase containing the Keggin-type unit K3PW12O40 and the hexatungstate K2W6O19. Furthermore, the catalytic activity in the oxidation of isobutane is affected considerably by these changes. The best catalytic performance was shown by the rearranged Wells-Dawson compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02113863
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved cyclic reduction for solving queueing problems (1997)
    Springer
    Numerical algorithms 15 (1997), S. 57-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: queueing problems ; M/G/1 type matrices ; cyclic reduction ; Toeplitz matrices ; FFT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The cyclic reduction technique (Buzbee et al., 1970), rephrased in functional form (Bini and Meini, 1996), provides a numerically stable, quadratically convergent method for solving the matrix equation X = ∑+ ∞ i=0 Xi Ai, where the Ai's are nonnegative k × k matrices such that ∑+ ∞ i=0 Ai is column stochastic. In this paper we propose a further improvement of the above method, based on a point-wise evaluation/interpolation at a suitable set of Fourier points, of the functional relations defining each step of cyclic reduction (Bini and Meini,1996). This new technique allows us to devise an algorithm based on FFT having a lower computational cost and a higher numerical stability. Numerical results and comparisons are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019206402431
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the parallel evaluation of a sparse polynomial at a point (1999)
    Springer
    Numerical algorithms 20 (1999), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: polynomial evaluation ; sparse polynomials ; parallel computations ; 65Y05 ; 65G05
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A new version of the Ruffini–Horner rule is presented for the evaluation of a polynomial of degree n at a point. In the PRAM model of parallel computation the new algorithm requires log n parallel steps with n/2+1 processors and the total number of arithmetic operations is n+⌈log2(n+1)⌉ -1 multiplications and n additions. If the polynomial is sparse, i.e., the number of nonzero coefficients is k≪ n, then the total number of operations is at most k(⌈log n⌉- ⌊log k⌋)+2k+⌈log n⌉. Moreover, similarly to the customary Ruffini–Horner rule, the algorithm is backward numerically stable. In other words, the value provided by applying the algorithm in floating point arithmetic with machine precision μ coincides with the value taken on at the same point by a slightly perturbed polynomial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019116203957
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical computation of polynomial zeros by means of Aberth's method (1996)
    Springer
    Numerical algorithms 13 (1996), S. 179-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: polynomial zeros ; Aberth's method ; numerical test ; starting approximations ; 65H05 ; 65Y20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An algorithm for computing polynomial zeros, based on Aberth's method, is presented. The starting approximations are chosen by means of a suitable application of Rouché's theorem. More precisely, an integerq ≥ 1 and a set of annuliA i,i=1,...,q, in the complex plane, are determined together with the numberk i of zeros of the polynomial contained in each annulusA i. As starting approximations we choosek i complex numbers lying on a suitable circle contained in the annulusA i, fori=1,...,q. The computation of Newton's correction is performed in such a way that overflow situations are removed. A suitable stop condition, based on a rigorous backward rounding error analysis, guarantees that the computed approximations are the exact zeros of a “nearby” polynomial. This implies the backward stability of our algorithm. We provide a Fortran 77 implementation of the algorithm which is robust against overflow and allows us to deal with polynomials of any degree, not necessarily monic, whose zeros and coefficients are representable as floating point numbers. In all the tests performed with more than 1000 polynomials having degrees from 10 up to 25,600 and randomly generated coefficients, the Fortran 77 implementation of our algorithm computed approximations to all the zeros within the relative precision allowed by the classical conditioning theorems with 11.1 average iterations. In the worst case the number of iterations needed has been at most 17. Comparisons with available public domain software and with the algorithm PA16AD of Harwell are performed and show the effectiveness of our approach. A multiprecision implementation in MATHEMATICA ™ is presented together with the results of the numerical tests performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207694
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