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  • Springer  (30)
  • 1995-1999  (21)
  • 1990-1994  (9)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Promoter Region of the Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthetase III Gene of Squalus acanthias (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 43 (1996), S. 602-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words:Squalus acanthias— Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase — Promoter —Rana catesbeiana— TATA box — TACAAA — C/EBP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase III (CPSase III) of Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes glutamine-dependent formation of carbamoyl phosphate for urea synthesis. In this paper we report the results of cloning a 10-kb segment of genomic DNA which includes the region flanking the 5′ end of the spiny dogfish CPSase III gene. A total of 1,295 base pairs of sequence straddling the start codon was obtained. Primer extension experiments revealed that the transcription start site is the G located 114 residues upstream of the translation start codon ATG. The first exon has 240 base pairs, including the 5′ untranslated region, the coding sequence for the signal peptide (38 amino acids), and the four N-terminal amino acids of the mature enzyme. The boundary of the first exon and the first intron of the CPSase III gene is concordant with that of rat and frog (Rana catesbeiana) CPSase I, which have been suggested to have evolved from CPSase III. The putative TATA box sequence, TACAAA, is located at position −31 with an uncommonly found C at the third position. Two C/EBP binding site sequences, ATTCTGCAAG (−405 to −397) and GTGCAGTAAG (−168 to −160), were identified in the promoter region, which suggests that spiny dogfish CPSase III might be subjected to transactivation of transcription by C/EBP-related proteins, as has been reported for rat CPSase I. The preparation and binding of a recombinant RcC/EBP-1 protein (the R. catesbeiana homolog of the mammalian C/EBPα) to the two spiny dogfish C/EBP binding sequences are described. Two putative heat-shock binding elements were also identified in the promoter region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02202108
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The promoter region of the carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase III gene ofSqualus acanthias (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 43 (1996), S. 602-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Squalus acanthias ; Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase ; Promoter ; Rana catesbeiana ; TATA box ; TACAAA ; C/EBP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase III (CPSase III) ofSqualus acanthias (spiny dogfish) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes glutamine-dependent formation of carbamoyl phosphate for urea synthesis. In this paper we report the results of cloning a 10-kb segment of genomic DNA which includes the region flanking the 5′ end of the spiny dogfish CPSase III gene. A total of 1,295 base pairs of sequence straddling the start codon was obtained. Primer extension experiments revealed that the transcription start site is the G located 114 residues upstream of the translation start codon ATG. The first exon has 240 base pairs, including the 5′ untranslated region, the coding sequence for the signal peptide (38 amino acids), and the four N-terminal amino acids of the mature enzyme. The boundary of the first exon and the first intron of the CPSase III gene is concordant with that of rat and frog (Rana catesbeiana) CPSase I, which have been suggested to have evolved from CPSase III. The putative TATA box sequence, TACAAA, is located at position −31 with an uncommonly found C at the third position. Two C/EBP binding site sequences, ATTCTGCAAG (−405 to −397) and GTGCAGTAAG (−168 to −160), were identified in the promoter region, which suggests that spiny dogfish CPSase III might be subjected to transactivation of transcription by C/EBP-related proteins, as has been reported for rat CPSase I. The preparation and binding of a recombinant RcC/EBP-1 protein (theR. catesbeiana homolog of the mammalian C/EBPα) to the two spiny dogfish C/EBP binding sequences are described. Two putative heatshock binding elements were also identified in the promoter region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02202108
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of collagen and mineral to the elastic anisotropy of bone (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Acoustic microscopy ; Bone ; Collagen fiber ; Elastic anisotropy ; Mineral crystal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It has long been thought that collagen fibers within the bone matrix are deposited in an aligned pattern that channels mineral growth. If this model of bone structure is correct, both organic and inorganic phases of bone should have similar elastic anisotropy. Using an acoustic microscope, we measured longitudinal and transverse acoustic velocities of cortical specimens taken from 10 dog femurs before and after removal of either the mineral (using 10% EDTA) or collagen phases (using 7% sodium hypochlorite) and calculated longitudinal (CL) and transverse (CT) elastic coefficients. The anisotropy ratio (CL/CT) decreased significantly after demineralization (1.61 before versus 1.06 after, P〈0.0001, paired t-test). However, there was no significant change after decollagenization (1.51 before versus 1.48 after, P=0.617, paired t-test). We conclude that the orientation of mineral crystals is the primary determinant of bone anisotropy, and the collagen matrix within osteonal bone has little directional orientation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299319
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remodeling and the repair of fatigue damage (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 53 (1993), S. S75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Microdamage ; Remodeling ; Fatigue ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary This paper reviews the direct and indirect evidence for and against the idea that bone remodeling repairs fatigue damage. It defines experiments that should be performed to determine whether the accumulation and repair of fatigue damage is relevant to the pathogenesis of osteoporotic fracture. The experimental evidence favors the hypothesis that microdamage evokes local remodeling. The data suggest that the balance between the microdamage burden and bone repair is nearly constant. The indirect evidence comes from clinical observations that show positive relationships between depressed bone formation rate or prolonged remodeling period with bone fracture. More compelling indirect evidence comes from studies in which bone remodeling was pharmaceutically depressed, and fracture incidence rose in direct proportion. Data on microdamage accumulation were not collected in these studies. Conversely, some experimental evidence disputes a direct relationship between fatigue microdamage and repair. In these studies, increased amounts of bone microdamage in hyperadrenocortical dogs, and in irradiated dogs, could not be demonstrated even though bone fragility increased without associated osteopenia. Finally, the indirect evidence that argues that microdamage does not initiate repair is based on inference and does not provide an adequate test of the hypothesis. In balance, the current body of evidence favors the contention that bone remodeling repairs fatigue damage and thereby prevents fracture. Future studies should verify that microdamage accumulates when bone fracture occurs in conjunction with depressed remodeling activation frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01673407
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning motion, ocellar morphology and orientation mechanisms in the phototaxis of the nematode Mermis nigrescens (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 167 (1990), S. 257-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Scanning motion ; Shadowing ; Ocellus ; Mechanism ; Orientation ; Phototaxis ; Klinotaxis ; Photomovement ; Transverse phototaxis ; Nematode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The putative ocellus of Mermis females consists of a hollow cylinder of dense hemoglobin pigmentation located in the anterior tip. The exact location of the photoreceptive nerve endings, however, is unknown. During phototaxis a continual bending or scanning motion of the head (anterior 2 mm) causes the orientation of the tip to swing about the direction of the source. By turning off (shuttering) the light source whenever the tip orientation was to one side of the source direction, the average orientation of the base of the head, and eventually the body orientation, was caused to be biased about 28° to the opposite side. Because the shuttering was synchronized with the scanning motion, the scanning motion must be involved in the maintenance of orientation to light. The direction of the bias rules out a two-signal comparison mechanism of orientation and demonstrates that a deviation of the tip from the source direction must decrease, rather than increase, the illumination of the photoreceptors. These findings, and the ocellar morphology, require that the photoreceptors be located inside the hollow tube of pigmentation where they can be shadowed by the pigment during deviations of the tip. Focusing by the curved anterior end should cause a similar modulation of the illumination at this location. The occasional episodes of transverse phototaxis can be explained by the leakiness of the pigment walls to transverse illumination. Analysis of the motion of the anterior in the presence and absence of shuttering indicates that the orientation of the base of the head, due to the motion of the neck, is controlled by the signals generated during one or more cycles of the scanning motion of the head. The orientation may be regulated by the phase relationship between the photoreceptor signal and putative proprioceptive signals that indicate the bending in the head.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188118
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Components of phototaxis of the nematode Mermis nigrescens (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 167 (1990), S. 245-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Undulatory locomotion ; Scanning motion ; Directed turn ; Orientation ; Phototaxis ; Klinotaxis ; Photomovement ; Nematode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The gravid females of Mermis are positively phototaxic at the time of their migration to egglaying sites in vegetation on which their grasshopper hosts feed. On a horizontal felt surface, segments of the path traced by the tail are oriented approximately towards a source of monochromatic light in the 350–540 nm region, but are not oriented at longer wavelengths and in the dark. The components of this phototaxis include locomotion by the posterior 4/5 of the body, orientational bending of the neck region while the anterior is held above the substrate, and a scanning motion (bending) of the head region (anterior 2 mm). Like other nematodes and snakes, propulsion is associated with posteriorly propagated body waves, but unlike other animals known, the waves tend to lie perpendicular to a felt surface, and unlike other nematodes, contact with the surface is on the female's ventral surface. The body waves are initiated by the motion of the anterior 1/5 (15 mm) of the body, the average orientation of which determines the path of the following 4/5. During phototaxis, the anterior tip is swung both sideways and vertically about the direction towards the light source. The tip motion is a result of a scanning motion of the head and a slower orientational bending of the neck. The base of the head appears to be actively directed towards the source by the bending of the neck. This behavior can resolve two light sources positioned 120° apart but not 90° apart. The scanning motion of the head is independent of neck orientation and appears to enhance the probability of discovering the direction of a new source. Discovery is followed by a directed turn of the base of the head towards the source which is initiated by the bending of the neck. Locomotion of the body follows the path of the anterior through the turn and phototaxis is thus initiated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188117
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple inheritance of key traits distinguishing maize and teosinte (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 252 (1996), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Teosinte ; Maize ; Morphological traits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The segregation of key traits distinguishing maize and teosinte was analyzed in three F2 and three backcross populations derived from crosses of the modern maize inbred T232 withZea mays ssp.parviglumis. These traits were (i) paired vs. single female spikelets; (ii) two-ranked vs. many-ranked ears; (iii) non-indurated vs. indurated glumes; (iv) inclination of the kernels toward the rachis, and (v) distichous vs. polystichous central staminate spike. All traits showed a simple mode of inheritance except for paired female spikes, which appeared to be controlled by two genes. The loci controlling these major changes were mapped with RFLP markers to four chromosomal regions. These results support the suggestion that maize became differentiated from teosinte with as few as five major gene changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02173202
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple inheritance of key traits distinguishing maize and teosinte (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 252 (1996), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Teosinte ; Maize ; Morphological traits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The segregation of key traits distinguishing maize and teosinte was analyzed in three F2 and three backcross populations derived from crosses of the modern maize inbred T232 with Zea mays ssp. parviglumis. These traits were (i) paired vs. single female spikelets; (ii) two-ranked vs. many-ranked ears; (iii) non-indurated vs. indurated glumes; (iv) inclination of the kernels toward the rachis, and (v) distichous vs. polystichous central staminate spike. All traits showed a simple mode of inheritance except for paired female spikes, which appeared to be controlled by two genes. The loci controlling these major changes were mapped with RFLP markers to four chromosomal regions. These results support the suggestion that maize became differentiated from teosinte with as few as five major gene changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004389670004
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lead exposure from conventional and cottage lead smelting in Jamaica (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1991), S. 65-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A survey was conducted to determine the distribution and determinants of environmental and blood lead levels near a conventional and several cottage lead smelters and to assess the relationship between environmental and blood lead levels in a tropical, developing-country setting. Fifty-eight households were studied in the Red Pond community, the site of the established smelter and several backyard smelters, and 21 households were studied in the adjacent, upwind Ebony Vale community in Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica. Households were investigated, using questionnaires, soil and housedust lead measurements, and blood lead (PbB) measurements from 372 residents. Soil lead levels in Red Pond exceeded 500 parts per million (ppm) at 24% of households (maximum-18,600 ppm), compared to 0% in Ebony Vale (maximum 150 ppm). Geometric mean PbB in Red Pond, where 44% of children 〈6 years of age had PbB levels ≥ 25 micrograms per deciliter (μg/dL), was more than twice that Ebony Vale in all age groups (p 〈 0.0005). Within Red Pond, proximity to backyard smelters and to the conventional smelter were independent predictors of soil lead (p 〈 0.05). Soil lead was the strongest predictor of PbB among Red Pond subjects under 12 years of age. The blood lead-soil lead relationship in children differed from that reported in developed countries; blood lead levels were higher than expected for the household-specific soil lead levels that were observed. These data indicate that cottage lead smelters, like conventional ones, are a hazard for nearby residents and that children exposed to lead contamination in tropical, developing countries may be at higher risk for developing elevated blood lead levels than similarly-exposed children in developed countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055558
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and Characterization of Twelve Microsatellite Loci for Rockfish (Sebastes) (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biotechnology 1 (1999), S. 311-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2236
    Keywords: Key words:Sebastes, rockfish, microsatellites.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract: We describe the first microsatellites for rockfishes in the diverse genus Sebastes. Clones containing microsatellites were isolated from the genomic library of a quillback rockfish, Sebastes maliger. Twelve microsatellites are characterized; six of these are polymorphic in quillback rockfish, and eight are polymorphic in at least one rockfish species on which they were tested. The number of alleles per variable locus ranged from 4 to 15 and averaged 6.8. The expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.38 to 0.79 and averaged 0.60 in these loci. These loci should prove valuable in studies examining species identification, population genetics, hybridization, paternity, kinship, and microsatellite evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00011780
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