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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of an enhancer element in the mouse B7-1 promoter (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 50 (1999), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words B7-1 ; Promoter ; Enhancer ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050697
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Error estimates for the patching method in the bidimensional case (1999)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 82 (1999), S. 621-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):65N35
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002110050433
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Characterization of Vanadium-Containing ZrSiO4 Solid Solutions from Gels (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 15 (1999), S. 221-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: colloidal gels ; vanadium-containing solid solutions ; zircon ; ceramic pigments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A procedure is reported for the preparation of vanadium-doped zircon pigmenting system with different vanadia loadings which enabled their complete formation and further characterization. Vanadium-zircon solid solutions were prepared by gelling mixtures of ZrO2 and V2O5 colloidal sols and tetraethylorthosilicate and studied over the temperature range up to the formation of zircon. The reaction sequence of gels was evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance. It was found that the first crystalline phase detected was a vanadium-containing tetragonal ZrO2 solid solution where vanadium was stabilized in the reduced V+4 state. The formation of the V-ZrSiO4 solid solution occurred by the reaction between the monoclinic form of V+4-ZrO2 solid solution and the amorphous silica phase. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX) data, measurements of lattice parameters and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance of V-ZrSiO4 solid solutions revealed that vanadium was dissolved as V+4 replacing Si+4 in tetrahedral sites in the crystal structure of zircon. The solubility limit of vanadium in ZrSiO4 was about 0.01 mole of vanadium per mole of zircon (0.5 wt% as V2O5).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008784824917
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Event-Based Techniques to Debug an Object Request Broker (1999)
    Springer
    The journal of supercomputing 13 (1999), S. 133-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0484
    Keywords: Distributed Debugging ; Object Request Broker ; Fault Injection ; Behavior modeling ; software instrumentation ; events
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This work presents a debugging system built for the Object Request Broker (ORB) used in the construction of Solaris MC, a multicomputer OS. Even though it has been built and tested on a particular ORB, we believe similar ideas could be employed on other ORBs with similar structure and goals. The goal of this system is to provide a means to stress the ORB behavior in a controlled manner while logging the events occurred during its execution. The tool, called the Fault Injection and Event Logging Tool (FIELT) helps system programmers to find possible inconsistencies in the code by means of a post-mortem analysis of the collected trace data. The approach taken to design the event logging follows the event-driven techniques to monitorize distributed systems. Failures in the ORB are injected by software instrumentation and these injected failures are considered as special events. This allows us to reason about the correctness of the ORB in a broad sense, where its expected behavior includes to gracefully cope with failures. The number of potentially relevant events produced during the ORB execution is unmanageably high. There is, thus, a need to find a minimum subset of those events which, without losing relevant system behavior, allows us to infer its correctness (or lack of). We address this problem using a new model for ORB computations, assigning each event produced by the ORB to one of the high level objects it manages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008092327910
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient rheological behavior of lyotropic solutions of ethyl cellulose in m-cresol (1999)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 38 (1999), S. 108-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Key words Transient experiments ; Lyotropic ; Liquid-crystal ; Ethyl-cellulose ; Defects texture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Transient rheological features of anisotropic 30 and 40 wt.% ethyl-cellulose/m-cresol solutions were investigated, taking as a reference other lyotropes like poly(γ-benzylglutamate) in m-cresol, poly(p-phenylene-terephthalamide) in sulfuric acid and hydroxypropylcellulose in water. Strain scaling oscillations before reaching steady state, with a half-period of 20 strain units for 30 wt.% and 22.5 strain units for 40 wt.% in both stress growth and transient viscosity in creep, revealed that director tumbling takes place for ethylcellulose solutions. Large strain recoveries (2–3 strain units) obtained in recoil experiments confirmed the hypothesis of a tumbling regime. In contrast to the majority of reported lyotropes, we did not observe a master curve of strain recovery versus the product of preshear rate by time. This result appears to be associated with the existence of another mechanism of relaxation, in addition to unwinding of the defect texture created by tumbling. Dynamic viscoelastic results after cessation of flow suggest that a slower mechanism of relaxation, associated with texture or polydomain coarsening, takes place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003970050161
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight among Phaseolus Species and Common Bean Improvement (1999)
    Springer
    Crop science 39 (1999), S. 80-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is highly susceptible to common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye. High levels of cultivar resistance would minimize yield losses, reduce bactericide use and production costs, and facilitate integrated disease-and-crop management and the production and distribution of pathogen-free seed. We aimed to (i) assess the levels of CBB resistance of different Phaseolus species in the tropics, (ii) determine the CBB reaction of resistant cultivars and advanced breeding lines, and (iii) report on CBB resistance of lines developed from P. vulgaris × P. acutifolius (tepary bean) hybridization and gene pyramiding at CIAT. Between 1994 and 1998, we evaluated, in the field, 162 accessions of tepary, scarlet runner (P. coccineus), lima (P. lunatus), and common beans, 119 CBB-resistant cultivars and advanced breeding lines of common bean, and six lines recently developed by interspecific hybridization and gene pyramiding. For inoculation, we used aspersion, surgical blades, and/or multiple needles. The highest levels (scores of 1.2-2.0) of CBB resistance were found in P. acutifolius accessions, G40029 and G40156, followed by P. lunatus (scores of 4.2-6.2), P. coccineus (scores of 4.8-5.5), and P. vulgaris (scores of 4.5-6.4). Resistance available in P. coccineus and P. vulgaris landraces has already been transferred for common bean. But resistance transferred from P. acutifolius was much lower (scores of 3.8-4.5) than those available. Gene pyramiding produced lines with high CBB resistance (scores of 1.5-2.4), and is thus, a suitable method for developing CBB-resistant cultivars of different market classes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two Cycles of Recurrent Selection for Seed Yield in Common Bean (1999)
    Springer
    Crop science 39 (1999), S. 391-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Phaseolus vulgaris L.) can be improved by exploiting the genetic variability available in the crop's cultivated races and gene pools. The objectives of this study were to (i) compare yield gains obtained through two cycles of recurrent selection, based on S1family tests, in two types of populations [interracial Middle American (MA) and inter-gene-pool Andean × Middle American (AMA)], and (ii) estimate genetic variance, heritability, and expected gains from selection. The MA population comprised 11 parents from race Mesoamerica, three from Jalisco (Mexico), and two from Durango (Mexico). The AMA population had six parents from race Mesoamerica, one from Jalisco, five from Nueva Granada (northern Andes), and two from Chile (also Andean). From the initial cycle (C0) of each population, 45 S2families were evaluated at three locations in Colombia in 1992 to select the 10 highest yielding families to be intermated in a diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals) to generate 45 S1families for cycle 1 (C1). Similarly, 45 S1families from C1 and cycle 2 (C2) were evaluated in 1993 and 1995 respectively. The 10 highest yielding selected families from each of C0 ,C1, and C2 and a corresponding bulk of all 45 S1families from each of the three cycles were evaluated at three sites in 1997. Data were recorded for seed yield, seed weight, and maturity. Genetic variance among 45 S1families in C1 and C2 was greater in the AMA population than in the MA, diminishing from C1 to C2 in MA and increasing in AMA. Heritability for seed yield ranged from 0.31 to 0.46, for seed weight from 0.75 to 0.86, and for maturity from 0.50 to 0.81. Expected gains from selection for seed yield was lower (3-4%) in C2 compared with C1 (7.9-13.2.%). The mean yields of C0, C1, and C2 of the MA were significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher than those of the AMA. The C2 of both MA and AMA out yielded their respective C1 and C0families. The average realized yield gain per selection cycle was 15% or higher in both populations. These results justify the use of recurrent selection in interracial and inter-gene-pool populations for improving seed yield of common bean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the Glass Transition Temperatures of Some New Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers Using Modulated Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MTDSC) (1999)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 16 (1999), S. 1464-1469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: dynamic differential scanning calorimetry ; thermogravimetric analysis ; methyl methacrylate ; surface area ; graft copolymers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the glass transition temperatures of new graft copolymers using Modulated Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MTDSC), and to assess the differences between starch and cellulosic derivatives of methyl methacrylate and between two different drying methods used in their preparation. Methods. Graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate were synthesized and dried by oven or freeze-drying. Surface area measurements and different thermal analysis techniques (Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and MTDSC) were used to characterize these copolymers. Results. DSC was not sensitive enough to identify the Tgs of the copolymers, however they were clearly identifiable by MTDSC. Tg values obtained may depend on the method of preparation that also altered their physical characteristics e.g. specific surface area. Cellulose derivatives showed lower Tgs than starch derivatives. The results also depended on the drying method used, thus, freeze dried products had slightly lower Tgs than oven dried products. Conclusions. MTDSC represents a useful thermal technique that allows the identification of glass transitions in these new copolymers with higher sensitivity and resolution than conventional DSC, separating the transition from overlapping phenomena such as decomposition or dehydration. The Tg of this new class of copolymers appeared to be dependent on polymer composition and drying method used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018971630036
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic interactions between Hsp90 and the Cdc2 mitotic machineryin the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 261 (1999), S. 242-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordscdc2 ; swo1 ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; Hsp90 ; Mitosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, wee1 encodes a tyrosine kinase that inhibits entry into mitosis by phophorylating Cdc2, the universal cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) that regulates the G2/M transition in all eukaryotic cells. A search for suppressors of the G2 arrest caused by overexpression of wee1 led to the isolation of a new allele of swo1 (named swo1-w1), the gene coding for chaperone Hsp90, which is required to stabilise Wee1. The swo1-w1 allele carries a glycine to aspartic acid substitution at amino acid 155 that results in a partial loss of Hsp90 function. Cells bearing the swo1-w1 mutation in combination with the point mutation cdc2-33 or cdc2-M26 showed severe mitotic defects. Genetic interactions were not observed in combination with point mutations in other cdc genes, suggesting that Cdc2 specifically interacts with Hsp90. This synthetic lethal swo1-w1 cdc2-33 (or cdc2-M26) strain had normal levels of Cdc2 protein and histone H1 phosphorylation activity, indicating that Hsp90 is required to enable Cdc2 to interact with its mitotic substrates or regulators, rather than for its proper folding or stabilisation. In a wild-type background, swo1-w1 mutant cells were sensitive to temperature as well as to other stress agents, such as KCl, ethanol and formamide. Under these stressful growth conditions, the swo1-w1 cells displayed anaphase B arrest and aberrant septation patterns, indicating that a subset of proteins involved in mitosis and cytokinesis is highly dependent on chaperone Hsp90 for function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050963
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the cadmium complex of peptide 49–61: a putative nucleation center for cadmium-induced folding in rabbit liver metallothionein IIA (1999)
    Springer
    JBIC 4 (1999), S. 495-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1327
    Keywords: Key words Metallothionein ; Peptide-metal complexes ; 111Cd NMR ; Protein folding ; Molecular mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The synthetic peptide fragment containing residues 49–61 of rabbit liver metallothionein II (MT-II) (Ac-Ile-Cys-Lys-Gly-Ala-Ser-Asp-Lys-Cys-Ser-Cys-Cys-Ala-COOH), which includes the only sequential four cysteines bound to the same metal ion in Cd7MT, forms a stable, monomeric Cd-peptide complex with 1 : 1 stoichiometry (Cd:peptide) via Cd-thiolate interactions. This represents the first synthesis of a single metal-binding site of MT independent of the domains. The 111Cd NMR chemical shift at 716 ppm indicates that the 111Cd2+ in the metal site is terminally coordinated to four side-chain thiolates of the cysteine residues. The pH of half dissociation for this Cd-peptide derivative, ∼3.3, demonstrates an affinity similar to that for Cd7MT. Molecular mechanics calculations show that the thermodynamically most stable folding for this isolated Cd2+ center has the same counterclockwise chirality (Λ or S) observed in the native holo-protein. These properties are consistent with its proposed role as a nucleation center for cadmium-induced protein folding. However, the kinetic reactivity of the CdS4 structure toward 5,5′-dithiobis(5-nitrobenzoate) (DTNB) and EDTA is greatly increased compared to the complete cluster (α-domain or holo-protein). The rate law for the reaction with DTNB is rate=(k uf +k 1,f +k 2,f [DTNB])[peptide], where k uf=0.15 s–1, k 1,f=2.59×10–3 s–1, and k 2,f=0.88 M–1 s–1. The ultrafast step (uf), observable only by stopped-flow measurement, is unprecedented for mammalian (M7MT) and crustacean (M6MT) holo-proteins or the isolated domains. The accommodation of other metal ions by the peptide indicates a rich coordination chemistry, including stoichiometries of M-peptide for Hg2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+, M2-peptide for Hg2+ and Au+, and (Et3PAu)2-peptide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007750050335
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