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  • Springer  (5,702)
  • 2000-2004  (5,702)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solidification and interfacial structure of in situ Al-4.5Cu/TiB2 composite (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 5605-5608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In situ particle reinforced Al-4.5Cu/TiB2 composite was fabricated with TiO2, H3BO3, Na3AlF6 powders and Al-4.5Cu alloy by reaction in melt. The composite can be directly casted into moulds to make composite parts. TiB2 particles distribute uniformly in the matrix. The average size of TiB2 particles is 0.93 μm. At the atomic scale, TiB2 is hexagonal, and exhibits hexagon or quadrilateral shape. The orientation relationships exist in the interfaces between TiB2 particle and α-Al, and between the reinforced small Al2Cu phase and α-Al in the composite. They are $$\begin{gathered} \left[ {0\bar 332} \right]_{TiB_2 } //\left[ {110} \right]_{\alpha - AI} \left\langle {01\bar 11} \right\rangle _{TiB_2 } //\left\langle {002} \right\rangle _{\alpha - AI} and\left[ {\bar 1\bar 32} \right]_{\alpha - AI} //\left[ {123} \right]_{AI_2 Cu} , \hfill \\ \left\langle {211} \right\rangle _{\alpha - AI} //\left\langle {111} \right\rangle _{AI_2 Cu} \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ . TiB2 particle is nucleation site for α-Al matrix growth in the composite. The interface between TiB2 particles and the matrix is clean and well bonded. No reaction product has been found through HREM observation. This is beneficial to the strength of the composite. The as-cast Al-4.5Cu/TiB2 composite exhibits mechanical excellent properties: the tensile strength is 416.7 MPa, the yield strength is 316.9 MPa, and the elongation is 3.3 pct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004869400097
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  • 2
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    Microstructure and properties of In situ Al/TiB2 composite fabricated by in-melt reaction method (2000)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-01
    Print ISSN: 1073-5623
    Electronic ISSN: 1543-1940
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil-released carbon dioxide from microbial biomass carbon in the cultivated soils of karst areas of southwest China (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 422-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial biomass carbon ; Soil-released carbon dioxide ; Karst areas ; Southwest China ; Ultisols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Soil microbial biomass and the emission of CO2 from the soil surface were measured in yellow soils (Ultisols) of the karst areas of southwest China. The soils are relatively weathered, leached and impoverished, and have a low input of plant residues. The measurements were made for a 1-year period and show a reciprocal relationship between microbial biomass and surface CO2 efflux. The highest (42.6±2.8 mg CO2-C m–2 h–1) and lowest (15.6±0.6 mg CO2-C m–2 h–1) CO2 effluxes are found in the summer and winter, respectively. The cumulative CO2 efflux is 0.24 kg CO2-C m–2 year–1. There is also a marked seasonal variation in the amount of soil microbial biomass carbon, but with the highest (644±71 μg C g–1 soil) and lowest (270±24 μg C g–1 soil) values occurring in the winter and summer, respectively. The cumulative loss of soil microbial biomass carbon in the top 10 cm of the soil was 608 μg C g–1 year–1 soil over 17 sampling times. The mean residence time of microbial biomass is estimated at 105 days, suggesting that the carbon in soil microbial biomass may act as a source of the CO2 released from soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003749900189
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Edgarite, FeNb3S6, first natural niobium-rich sulfide from the Khibina alkaline complex, Russian Far North: evidence for chalcophile behavior of Nb in a fenite (2000)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 138 (2000), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The new mineral species edgarite, FeNb3S6, was discovered in a feldspar-rich fenite, in a fenitized xenolith enclosed by nepheline syenite of the Khibina alkaline complex, Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia. It occurs as platy inclusions (up to 0.15 mm) in Ti-(V)-rich pyrrhotite and ferroan alabandite, and as dark gray aggregates of platy grains located on the surface of the pyrrhotite. The associated minerals include Ti-(V)-rich marcasite, Mn-Fe-rich wurtzite-2H, corundum, nearly end member phlogopite, rutile, monazite-(Ce), and a graphite-like material. Edgarite is soft (VHN5;10= 135–205 kg/mm2), distinctly bireflectant, and has a strong anisotropy. Its reflectance in air (and in oil) (R1 and R2 in percent, respectively) is: 470 nm: 28.1, 40.2 (13.0, 24.2), 546 nm: 27.4, 39.3 (12.3, 22.7), 589 nm: 27.0, 38.5 (12.2, 21.7), and 650 nm: 27.0, 36.9 (12.4, 20.3). The composition is Nb 52.87, Fe 10.12, V 0.36, Mn 0.10, Ti 0.04, S 35.86, sum 99.35 wt%, which corresponds to (Fe0.96V0.04Mn0.01)Σ1.01Nb3.03S5.95 (basis: Σ atoms=10). By analogy with synthetic FeNb3S6, the X-ray powder pattern of edgarite was indexed on a hexagonal cell, a=5.771(1), c=12.190(6) Å, and V=351.6(3) Å3, D calc is 4.99 g/cm3. The space group is most probably P6322, with Z=2. The strongest lines of the pattern [d in Å (I, hkl)] are: 6.11 (8, 002), 3.04 (6, 004), 2.88 (5, 110), 2.606 (8, 112), 2.096 (10, 114), 1.665 (8, 300), 1.524 (6, 008), 1.126 (7, 322), and 1.027 (6, 414). Edgarite appears to have formed at a very late or final stage of metasomatism, after the main event of fenitization, from a highly reduced, subalkaline S-C-H-rich fluid, which may have remobilized Nb as a result of destabilization of oxide minerals. These reducing conditions promoted the chalcophile behavior of lithophile elements (Nb, Ti, V and Mn) on a local scale in the fenite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050559
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human glycine decarboxylase gene (GLDC) and its highly conserved processed pseudogene ( ψ GLDC): their structure and expression, and the identification of a large deletion in a family with nonketotic hyperglycinemia (2000)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 106 (2000), S. 298-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Mutations in the glycine decarboxylase gene (GLDC) cause nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH), an inborn error of metabolism characterized by severe neurological disturbance. We have determined the structure of GLDC and of its pseudogene (ψ GLDC) and studied their expression for a molecular analysis of NKH. The GLDC gene spans at least 135 kb and consists of 25 exons. All donor and acceptor sites adhere to the canonical GT-AG rule, except for the donor site of intron 21, where a variant form GC is used instead of GT. The transcription initiation site has been assigned to a residue 163 bp upstream from the translation initiation triplet by primer extension analysis. The ψ GLDC gene has no intron and shares 97.5% homology with the coding region of functional GLDC, suggesting that ψ GLDC is a processed pseudogene that arose from the GLDC transcript about 4–8 million years ago. RNA blotting analysis has revealed that GLDC is expressed in human liver, kidney, brain, and placenta. We have also examined a patient with NKH with no detectable GLDC mRNA in his lymphoblasts. Exons 1–3 of the functional GLDC gene from this patient are not amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas those from control subjects are. These results suggest a large homozygous deletion (at least 30 kb) in the patient. Furthermore, we have devised a semi-quantitative PCR to estimate the number of GLDC alleles by using ψ GLDC as an internal control and have confirmed the homozygosity and heterozygosity of the deletion in the patient and his parents, respectively. Structural information of GLDC and ψ GLDC should facilitate the molecular analysis of NKH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390000250
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow behaviour of titanium dioxide dispersions in the presence of 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 485-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose ; Titanium dioxide ; Molecular weight ; Steric yield stress ; Viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The effects of 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) of weight-average molecular weight 15,000, 90,000 and 7,20,000 on the rheological properties of TiO2 dispersions were evaluated. For all three HECs, the maximum yield stress, τymax, (occurred at zero zeta potential), decreased with increasing HEC concentration. Interestingly, the largest reduction in τymax was observed with the HEC with the highest molecular weight. This reduction was attributed to steric interaction arising from adsorbed HEC. Adsorbed high-molecular-weight HEC formed an effectively thicker steric barrier because of its larger size and higher adsorption capacity. Bridging interactions that were expected to be important for the high-molecular-weight HEC were found to be unimportant here. In the flocculated regime, HEC enhanced the shear-thinning characteristics of the TiO2 dispersions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050544
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Precursors with Fine BaZrO3 Inclusions on the Growth and Microstructure of Textured YBCO (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 13 (2000), S. 575-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: texture YBCO ; BaZrO3 ; ultrafine particles ; pushing effect ; seeding effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We prepared precursors with fine BaZrO3 inclusions for melt-texture growth of high-temperature superconductors with nominal composition of Y1.5Ba2Cu3O y + x BaZrO3 (x = 0, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.1), by the process of liquid-phase powder melt-texture growth (LPMG). We then investigated the effects of the precursors on the texture growth and the microstructure of composite YBa2Cu3O7-δ/Y2BaCuO5 (YBCO). The BaZrO3 particles were about 100 nm in size in the textured YBa2Cu3O7-δ (Y123), observed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Owing to the pushing effects of growing fronts, fine particles were pushed out of and thus gathered in front of the growing fronts or between Y123 grains. The gathered particles in turn blocked the further growth of the Y123 grains. However, BaZrO3 particles seeded Y123 grains, giving rise to multigrain growths. These negative effects of BaZrO3 fine particles exclude themselves as effective flux pinning centers in the textured YBCO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007872800961
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The twofold effects of deformation twins on fracture behaviors of PST crystals of TiAl alloys (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (2000), S. 1595-1597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006785220176
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of NdMAl11O19 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (2000), S. 49-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006751815135
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different influence of EB irradiation on the structural behaviors of polycarbosilane and polysilazane fibers (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (2000), S. 1771-1773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006795422400
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