ALBERT

Description: High resolution stable water isotope composition (δ18O and δD) of firn cores FP-1 retrieved at King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The core was sampled at 5 cm resolution at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) ice core facilities in Bremerhaven, Germany. Stable water isotopes analysis were carried out at AWI in Potsdam, Germany.

Description: High resolution stable water isotope composition (δ18O and δD)of firn core FP-3 retrieved at King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The core was sampled at 5 cm resolution at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) ice core facilities in Bremerhaven, Germany. Stable water isotopes analysis were carried out at AWI in Potsdam, Germany.

Description: High resolution stable water isotope composition (δ18O and δD) of firn core FP-4 retrieved at King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The core was sampled at 5 cm resolution at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) ice core facilities in Bremerhaven, Germany. Stable water isotopes analysis were carried out at AWI in Potsdam, Germany.

Description: The paper presents oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of 284 precipitation event samples systematically collected in Irkutsk, in the Baikal region (southeast Siberia), between June 2011 and April 2017. This is the first high-resolution dataset of stable isotopes of precipitation from this poorly studied region of continental Asia, which has a high potential for isotope-based palaeoclimate research. The dataset revealed distinct seasonal variations: relatively high δ¹⁸O (up to -4‰) and δD (up to -40‰) values characterize summer air masses, and lighter isotope composition (-41‰ for δ¹⁸O and -322‰ for δD) is characteristic of winter precipitation. Our results show that air temperature mainly affects the isotope composition of precipitation, and no significant correlations were obtained for precipitation amount and relative humidity. A new temperature dependence was established for weighted mean monthly precipitation: +0.50‰/°C (r² = 0.83; p 〈 0.01; n = 55) for δ¹⁸O and +3.8‰/°C (r² = 0.83, p 〈 0.01; n = 55) for δD. Secondary fractionation processes (e.g., contribution of recycled moisture) were identified mainly in summer from low d excess. Backward trajectories assessed with the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model indicate that precipitation with the lowest mean δ¹⁸O and δD values reaches Irkutsk in winter related to moisture transport from the Arctic. Precipitation originating from the west/southwest with the heaviest mean isotope composition reaches Irkutsk in summer, thus representing moisture transport across Eurasia. Generally, moisture transport from the west, that is, the Atlantic Ocean predominates throughout the year. A comparison of our new isotope dataset with simulation results using the European Centre/Hamburg version 5 (ECHAM5)-wiso climate model reveals a good agreement of variations in δ¹⁸O (r² = 0.87; p 〈 0.01; n = 55) and air temperature (r² = 0.99; p 〈 0.01; n = 71). However, the ECHAM5-wiso model fails to capture observed variations in d excess (r² = 0.14; p 〈 0.01; n = 55). This disagreement can be partly explained by a model deficit of capturing regional hydrological processes associated with secondary moisture supply in summer.

Description: The data presented is a unique ten+ year data record obtained from in-situ measurements in steep bedrock permafrost in an Alpine environment on the Matterhorn Hörnligrat, Zermatt, Switzerland at 3500 m a.s.l. during the time period 2008-2018 by the PermaSense project. This data set constitutes the longest, densest and most diverse data record in the history of mountain permafrost research worldwide with 17 different sensor types used at 29 distinct sensor locations consisting of over 114.5 million data points captured over the past decade. By documenting and sharing this data in this form we contribute to making our past research reproducible and facilitate future research based on this data e.g. in the area of analysis methodology, comparative studies, assessment of change in the environment, natural hazard warning and the development of process models (code for generating, processing and validating this data set is published on Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2542715, 2019). This data set provides primary data products as well as derived data products: GNSS raw data: GNSS observables in the form of daily RINEX 2.11 files GNSS derived data products: Daily positions computed using double-differencing GNSS processing Timelapse images: High-resolution visible light images Timeseries data raw: Per-year and location files or raw sampled data: Weather station, ground temperature, ground resistivity, fracture displacement and inclinometer data Timeseries derived data products: Cleaned and aggregated hourly values of the above Timeseries sanity plots: Standardized plots to obtain a visual overview and check data All data contained in this data set including updates to newer data can also be retrieved using the toolset available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2542715, 2019 from the online PermaSense data repository at http://data.permasense.ch.

Description: Here, we present a new isotopic dataset of near-surface water vapour and oceanic surface water continuously surveyed from the Polarstern research vessel during a period of two years from 2015-06-29 to 2017-07-01. The dataset covers areas spanning from the North Pole to the coasts of Antarctica in the Atlantic sector. Water vapour observations have been measured continuously on-board using a Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer from a 29 m elevation above the sea level. The oceanic water has been sampled on a daily basis and later analyzed for water isotopic composition at the Alfred Wegener Institut laboratory in Potsdam, Germany. These observations contribute to better understand the creation of the first water vapour isotopic signal during oceanic evaporation. They reveal that the vapour deuterium excess within the atmospheric boundary layer is not modulated by wind speed, contrary to the commonly used theory, but controlled by relative humidity and sea surface temperature only. In sea ice covered regions, the sublimation of deposited snow on sea ice is also revealed as a key process controlling the local water vapour isotopic composition.

Description: High resolution stable water isotope composition (d18O and dD) of firn cores: FP-1, FP-3 and FP-4 retrieved at King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The cores were sampled at 5 cm resolution at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) ice core facilities in Bremerhaven, Germany. Stable water isotopes analysis were carried out at AWI in Potsdam, Germany.