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  • 1
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    Control of plant stem cell function by conserved interacting transcriptional regulators (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: Plant stem cells in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem are necessary for postembryonic development of aboveground tissues and roots, respectively, while secondary vascular stem cells sustain vascular development. WUSCHEL (WUS), a homeodomain transcription factor expressed in the rib meristem of the Arabidopsis SAM, is a key regulatory factor controlling SAM stem cell populations, and is thought to establish the shoot stem cell niche through a feedback circuit involving the CLAVATA3 (CLV3) peptide signalling pathway. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5), which is specifically expressed in the root quiescent centre, defines quiescent centre identity and functions interchangeably with WUS in the control of shoot and root stem cell niches. WOX4, expressed in Arabidopsis procambial cells, defines the vascular stem cell niche. WUS/WOX family proteins are evolutionarily and functionally conserved throughout the plant kingdom and emerge as key actors in the specification and maintenance of stem cells within all meristems. However, the nature of the genetic regime in stem cell niches that centre on WOX gene function has been elusive, and molecular links underlying conserved WUS/WOX function in stem cell niches remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) family of transcription regulators act as conserved interacting cofactors with WUS/WOX proteins. HAM and WUS share common targets in vivo and their physical interaction is important in driving downstream transcriptional programs and in promoting shoot stem cell proliferation. Differences in the overlapping expression patterns of WOX and HAM family members underlie the formation of diverse stem cell niche locations, and the HAM family is essential for all of these stem cell niches. These findings establish a new framework for the control of stem cell production during plant development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4297503/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4297503/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Yun -- Liu, Xing -- Engstrom, Eric M -- Nimchuk, Zachary L -- Pruneda-Paz, Jose L -- Tarr, Paul T -- Yan, An -- Kay, Steve A -- Meyerowitz, Elliot M -- GM056006/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM067837/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM094212/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056006/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067837/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM104244/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RC2 GM092412/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 15;517(7534):377-80. doi: 10.1038/nature13853. Epub 2014 Oct 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. ; Biology Department, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA. ; 1] Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. ; Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; University of Southern California, Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25363783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*cytology/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Histone Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Plant Shoots/cytology/genetics ; Protein Binding ; Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Systematic review and meta-analysis of community and facility-based HIV testing to address linkage to care gaps in sub-Saharan Africa (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-04
    Description: HIV testing and counselling is the first crucial step for linkage to HIV treatment and prevention. However, despite high HIV burden in sub-Saharan Africa, testing coverage is low, particularly among young adults and men. Community-based HIV testing and counselling (testing outside of health facilities) has the potential to reduce coverage gaps, but the relative impact of different modalities is not well assessed. We conducted a systematic review of HIV testing modalities, characterizing community (home, mobile, index, key populations, campaign, workplace and self-testing) and facility approaches by population reached, HIV positivity, CD4 count at diagnosis and linkage. Of 2,520 abstracts screened, 126 met eligibility criteria. Community HIV testing and counselling had high coverage and uptake and identified HIV-positive people at higher CD4 counts than facility testing. Mobile HIV testing reached the highest proportion of men of all modalities examined (50%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 47-54%) and home with self-testing reached the highest proportion of young adults (66%, 95% CI = 65-67%). Few studies evaluated HIV testing for key populations (commercial sex workers and men who have sex with men), but these interventions yielded high HIV positivity (38%, 95% CI = 19-62%) combined with the highest proportion of first-time testers (78%, 95% CI = 63-88%), indicating service gaps. Community testing with facilitated linkage (for example, counsellor follow-up to support linkage) achieved high linkage to care (95%, 95% CI = 87-98%) and antiretroviral initiation (75%, 95% CI = 68-82%). Expanding home and mobile testing, self-testing and outreach to key populations with facilitated linkage can increase the proportion of men, young adults and high-risk individuals linked to HIV treatment and prevention, and decrease HIV burden.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778960/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778960/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharma, Monisha -- Ying, Roger -- Tarr, Gillian -- Barnabas, Ruanne -- T32 AI007140/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 3;528(7580):S77-85. doi: 10.1038/nature16044.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 1510 San Juan Road 310e, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; School of Medicine, University of Washington, 4333 Brooklyn Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA. ; Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26633769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine/economics/*utilization ; HIV Infections/*diagnosis/*drug therapy/economics/virology ; *Health Services Needs and Demand/economics ; Humans ; Sex Distribution ; Viral Load/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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