ALBERT

Description: In the present work, a mild strategy was employed to obtain cotton fabrics (CFs) coated with Cu2(OH)PO4 (CHP) nanoparticles to achieve self-cleaning property. The phytic acid (IP6) assisted method was employed to synthesize nanoparticles (CHP-IP6). The as-prepared coated cotton fabrics were characterized using the following techniques: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The CHP-IP6 coated cotton fabrics showed significant photocatalytic activity, excellent photocatalytic stability, and good discoloration of methylene blue (MB) stains when exposed to sunlight, which could have important applications as tablecloths, household apparels, and industrial workwear.

Description: Carbon emissions in countries in the “Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)” account for more than half of the world’s total volume. According to the international energy agency report, the world transportation industry carbon emissions in 2015 came second on the list for the proportion of global carbon emissions across all industries, accounting for 23.96% of the total. Along with the advancement of the BRI construction, transportation industry carbon emissions will continue their rapid growth. Therefore, studying the factors affecting the carbon emissions of the transportation industry in countries in the BRI is conducive to the formulation of policies to control carbon emissions. In this paper, the CO2 emissions of the transportation industry in countries in the BRI line from 2005 to 2015 were measured, and then the influencing factors of 57 countries in the BRI were analyzed by using the panel data model. The results show that per capita GDP, urbanization level, and energy consumption structure have positive effects on the carbon emissions of transportation industry, while technology level and trade openness have negative effects on carbon emissions of the transportation industry. Therefore, in order to effectively control the carbon emissions of the transportation industry in the BRI countries, it is necessary to reasonably control the transportation industry carbon emissions caused by urbanization, optimize the energy consumption structure of the transportation industry, optimize the structure of the transportation industry, and improve the openness of trade and the technical level of the BRI countries.

Description: As a crucial and critical factor in monitoring the internal state of an engine, cylinder pressure is mainly used to monitor the burning efficiency, to detect engine faults, and to compute engine dynamics. Although the intrusive type cylinder pressure sensor has been greatly improved, it has been criticized by researchers for high cost, low reliability and short life due to severe working environments. Therefore, aimed at low-cost, real-time, non-invasive, and high-accuracy, this paper presents the cylinder pressure identification method also called a virtual cylinder pressure sensor, involving Frequency-Amplitude Modulated Fourier Series (FAMFS) and Extended-Kalman-Filter-optimized (EKF) engine model. This paper establishes an iterative speed model based on burning theory and Law of energy Conservation. Efficiency coefficient is used to represent operating state of engine from fuel to motion. The iterative speed model associated with the throttle opening value and the crankshaft load. The EKF is used to estimate the optimal output of this iteration model. The optimal output of the speed iteration model is utilized to separately compute the frequency and amplitude of the cylinder pressure cycle-to-cycle. A standard engine’s working cycle, identified by the 24th order Fourier series, is determined. Using frequency and amplitude obtained from the iteration model to modulate the Fourier series yields a complete pressure model. A commercial engine (EA211) provided by the China FAW Group corporate R&D center is used to verify the method. Test results show that this novel method possesses high accuracy and real-time capability, with an error percentage for speed below 9.6% and the cumulative error percentage of cylinder pressure less than 1.8% when A/F Ratio coefficient is setup at 0.85. Error percentage for speed below 1.7% and the cumulative error percentage of cylinder pressure no more than 1.4% when A/F Ratio coefficient is setup at 0.95. Thus, the novel method’s accuracy and feasibility are verified.