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  • Institute of Physics  (243)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (15)
  • Copernicus  (12)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Asymmetric secondary electron emission flux in ferroelectric KTiOPO4 crystal (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 7166-7168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: It is shown that secondary electron emission current from ferroelectric domains with opposite directions of spontaneous polarization in ferroelectric KTiOPO4 crystals (KTP) is substantially asymmetric. The effect originates from asymmetry of elementary electron processes in noncentrosymmetric crystals. A nondestructive method of ferroelectric domain observation by secondary electron emission microscopy in KTP crystals is developed, which enables observation of a domain grating in periodically poled KTP frequency doubler. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363741
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Domain inversion in KTiOPO4 crystal near the Curie point (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 4823-4826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A microscopic mechanism of the outdiffusion-induced domain inversion in KTiOPO4 crystals near the Curie point without applying an external electric field is developed. It is described in terms of a built-in electric field, for reasons of a gradient of donorlike centers. The predicted dominant role of the n-type charges is proved by experimental observations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357255
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Low-temperature thermoluminescence of cuprate high-temperature superconductors (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 2712-2714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The thermoluminescence (TL) of three different high-temperature superconducting materials, namely ErBaCuO, YbBaCuO, and (Bi,Pb)SrCaCuO, has been measured after x irradiation at 20 K. This comparative low-temperature TL investigation has revealed a close similarity in the structure of the glow curves for all three compounds in the 20–300 K temperature range. Strongest glow peaks are shown to appear below the superconducting transition temperature. The origin of the various glow peaks is discussed in terms of radiative recombination of thermally released holes with trapped electron centers. The model is supported by further TL measurements of the ErBaCuO compound, thermally treated, in reducing and oxidizing atmospheres. It is demonstrated that the TL intensity is closely related to the oxygen stoichiometry of the material, namely, the oxygen vacancies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356202
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Defect-property correlations in garnet crystals. IV. The optical properties of nickel-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 1366-1369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Nickel-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ni:YAG) has an optical absorption spectrum characteristic of Ni+3 located on octahedral sites with an absorption peak at 420 nm. When annealed in reducing atmospheres, the nickel converts to Ni+2 and the 420-nm absorption peak vanishes. Codoping with zirconium fixes the nickel into the Ni+2 state under all annealing conditions. Under these circumstances, some of the nickel is believed to enter the lattice on tetrahedral sites. The characteristic 320-nm defect emission is observed in all crystals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344437
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Defect property correlations in garnet crystals. II. Electrical conductivity and optical absorption in Ca3Al2Ge3O12 (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 5320-5324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Electrical conductivity and ionic transference measurements performed at varying temperatures and partial pressures of oxygen show that CALGAR (Ca3Al2Ge3O12), a luminescent garnet, is a mixed ionic-electronic conductor. An activation energy of 1 eV for ionic diffusion is measured. An absorption band at 400 nm, whose magnitude can be controlled by varying the annealing atmosphere, is attributed to an O− center.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.334848
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fermi level control and deep levels in semi-insulating 4H–SiC (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 5040-5044 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Temperature dependent Hall effect, optical admittance spectroscopy, and optical absorption measurements of semi-insulating bulk 4H–SiC are reported. Both intentionally vanadium doped material and commercial grade semi-insulating material were investigated. The carrier concentration versus inverse temperature results from Hall effect measurements up to 1000 K indicated the samples were dominated by one of two deep levels near midgap. In addition to the deep donor level of substitutional vanadium, Ec−1.6 eV, we observed another level at Ec−1.1 eV in some samples, indicating that levels other than the vanadium donor can pin the Fermi level in semi-insulating SiC. Optical admittance measurements on the semi-insulating material indicate the presence of levels at Ec−1.73 and 1.18 eV that were previously observed in conducting samples with this technique and we attribute these levels to the same defects producing the 1.1 and 1.6 eV levels seen by Hall effect. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements of dopant and impurity concentrations are reported. Even though vanadium is present in all of these samples, along with other impurities we are at present unable to definitively identify the 1.1 eV level. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371476
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ferroelectric phase transition temperatures of KTiOPO4 crystals grown from self-fluxes (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1941-1943 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The origin of diversity in the reported ferroelectric phase transition (Curie) temperatures Tc, of KTiOPO4 (KTP) crystals grown from self-fluxes has been studied. A series of crystals has been grown by the top-seeded solution method from fluxes of different K/P molar ratios and solute concentrations, covering most of the KTP crystallization field in the K2O–P2O5–TiO2 ternary system. Curie temperatures of as-grown and high-temperature annealed crystals have been measured using the standard dielectric technique and found to spread from 883 to 960 °C. We show that the actual Tc values depend on the solution chemical composition, and a functional representation of this dependence is given. Inherent gradients of the Tc in as-grown KTP crystals are discussed in terms of the nonuniformity of their physical properties. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114575
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Energetic proton generation in ultra-intense laser–solid interactions (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 542-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: An explanation for the energetic ions observed in the PetaWatt experiments is presented. In solid target experiments with focused intensities exceeding 1020 W/cm2, high-energy electron generation, hard bremsstrahlung, and energetic protons have been observed on the backside of the target. In this report, an attempt is made to explain the physical process present that will explain the presence of these energetic protons, as well as explain the number, energy, and angular spread of the protons observed in experiment. In particular, we hypothesize that hot electrons produced on the front of the target are sent through to the back off the target, where they ionize the hydrogen layer there. These ions are then accelerated by the hot electron cloud, to tens of MeV energies in distances of order tens of μm, whereupon they end up being detected in the radiographic and spectrographic detectors. © 2001 American Institute of Physics
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1333697
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Size dependence of the orientational disorder and melting transitions of finite N2 islands deposited on graphite (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 3744-3748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The orientational order–disorder and melting transition temperatures for quasi two-dimensional islands of N2 molecules deposited on graphite are calculated for sizes 1≤N≤256 molecules, using a Monte Carlo procedure with free surface boundary conditions. These transition temperatures are strong functions of N, and the values for 256 molecules are close to those measured experimentally for fractional macroscopic monolayers. Calculated results show that the two sublattice herringbone orientational structure persists up to the orientational transition temperature, above which hindered planar rotation occurs. The registered (square root of)3×(square root of)3 mass center structure exists until melting, where the islands disassociate. These features are consistent with experiment. Below melting, the root mean square fluctuations of the mass centers away from their (square root of)3×(square root of)3 equilibrium values are substantially larger than for bulk N2 or for small three-dimensional rare gas clusters. The fluctuations are also substantially larger for edge molecules than for those in the center.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462955
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of copper related defects on the electron transport properties of semi-insulating CdSe (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 1234-1236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Semi-insulating CdSe crystals with a reduced concentration of electron trapping centers have been grown and characterized. The existence of complex electron traps is attributed to the presence of trace copper impurity. The trap density, trap level depth, trapping time, cross section for trapping of electrons, and the electron mobility have been determined for the first time on one single CdSe crystal using the combination of space-charge-limited currents (SCLC's) method, standard nuclear measurements, and the transient charge technique (TCT). The advantages for applications of semi-insulating CdSe as a novel material for spectrometer grade nuclear radiation detectors are emphasized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99166
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