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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 12 (1978), S. 89-92 
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass die entwickelte ERS-Technik auf Probleme der Mineralisation an Knochengewebe angewandt werden kann. Die Kinetik des Mineralisationsvorganges in Verbindung mit induzierter Knochenbildung wird beschrieben.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1090-6533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A study is made of a layer having an exponentially broad spectrum of local resistances, one of whose dimensions is smaller than the self-averaging dimension. An investigation is made of the hypothesis of scale invariance and the Gell-Mann-Low function for finite scaling in systems with an exponentially broad spread of resistances. A comparative analysis is made of the scale behavior of these systems and the case of strong localization.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 30 (1980), S. 179-182 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Crystallinity of mineral ; Pineal sand ; Electron spin resonance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Crystallinity of mineral in human pineal calcospherulites was determined by electron spin resonance spectrometry after irradiation of the samples with gamma rays in a60Co-source. The radiation-induced stable paramagnetic centers in the crystalline lattice of hydroxyapatite crystals were used as a marker of the crystalline fraction and related to the total mineral content. The crystallinity of pineal sand is higher than that of compact bone. The numerical value of the crystallinity coefficient depends on both the average crystal size of hydroxyapatite and the percentage of the crystalline fraction in the total amount of mineral. Literature data show that the average size of hydroxyapatite crystals in pineal sand are smaller than in bone tissue. It is, therefore, concluded that the higher crystallinity of pineal acervuli is due to the lower percentage of the submicrocrystalline fraction in their mineral.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 28 (1995), S. 240-247 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To assess the involvement of T-lymphocytes in ozone-induced lung damage, CD-1 mice were exposed to air or 0.7 ppm ozone (1.37 mg O3/m3 air) in the presence and absence of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CSA). Mice were thus divided into four treatment groups for both the 4 and 14 day exposure times: 1) AIR + VEH, 2) AIR + CSA, 3) O3 + VEH, and 4) O3 + CSA. Thy-1.2 positive cells (T-lymphocytes) per pulmonary lesion were determined and quantitative histomorphometric analysis of lesion volume was performed. By Day 14, the number of T-lymphocytes per lesion in O3 + VEH (vehicle) animals had increased to approximately 3.5 times that seen at Day 4. At 4 and 14 days of O3 + CSA treatment, the number of T cells per lesion was half that seen in O3 + VEH mice. At Day 4, lesion size and appearance were comparable in O3 + VEH and O3 + CSA animals, while at Day 14, O3 + CSA treatment resulted in larger and more cellular lesions that contained a greater proportion of polymorphonuclear cells, and the lesions extended further into the lung periphery. Inflammatory cells were observed in areas of epithelial cell proliferation and in alveolar spaces distal to the small airway terminus. After 14 days, lesion volume was approximately twice as great following O3 + CSA administration than with O3 treatment alone. These results are consistent with effects seen in another model of immunosuppression, the nude mouse, and they implicate a regulatory role for T-lymphocytes in the response to ozone.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das durch die Bestrahlungssterilisation in Knochentransplantaten induzierte stabile ESR-Signal wurde als biologisches Merkmal für die quantitative Bestimmung des zeitlichen Verlaufs der Knochenresorption benützt. Allotransplantate am KaninchenCalvaria ergaben einen linearen Abfall des Spins/mg im Zeitbereich von 0–15 Wochen.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Electron spin resonance ; Resorption ; Irradiation ; Bone ; Graft
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La technique de la résonance aux électrons (ESR) a été utilisée pour étudier la résorption et la substitution progressive de greffons osseux stérilisés par irradiation (à une dose de 3.3 Mrads) chez le lapin et le chien. Le signal stable d'ESR, émis par la perte de substance structurale induite par le rayonnement au niveau du minéral osseux, est utilisé comme marqueur biologique. La concentration de résonance et le nombre total des centres paramagnétiques sont mesurés avant et après greffe. Ue décroissance progressive de la concentration de résonance et du nombre total des centres paramagnétiques est observée après des intervalles de temps variables, faisant suite à l'implantation. En considérant la stabilité inhabituelle et le manque de réactivité chimique des centres paramagnétiques intéressés, il apparait que la décroissance des intensités du signal ESR observé indique une résorption et une substitution progressive. Cette méthode parait intéressante pour des recherches sur les tissues calcifiés.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Zur Erforschung der Resorption und der schleichenden Substitution von radiosterilisierten (Dosis: 3,3 Mrad) Knochentransplantaten bei Kaninchen und Hunden wurde die Technik der elektronischen Drehresonanz (ESR) angewendet. Als biologische Markierung diente das stabile ESR-Signal, welches aufgrund des bestrahlungsbedingten Strukturdefektes im Knochenmineral entsteht. Die Drehkonzentration und die Gesamtzahl der paramagnetischen Zentren wurden vor und nach dem Transplantieren gemessen. In verschiedenen Zeitintervallen konnte nach der Implantierung eine allmähliche Abnahme der Drehkonzentration sowie der Gesamtzahl der paramagnetischen Zentren beobachtet werden. Aus der ungewöhnlichen Stabilität und der fehlenden chemischen Reaktionsfähigkeit der beteiligten paramagnetischen Zentren wird geschlossen, daß die beobachtete abnehmende ESR-Signalintensität ei Zeichen für die zunehmende Resorption und Substitution ist. Es scheint, daß mit der besprochenen Technik eine brauchbare Methode zur Erforschung von mineralisiertem Gewebe zur Verfügung steht.
    Notes: Abstract The electron spin resonance (ESR) technique has been applied to the investigation of the resorption and creeping substitution of radiosterilized (3.3 Mrads dose) bone grafts in rabbits and dogs. The stable ESR signal arising from the radiation-induced structural defect in bone mineral was used as a biological label. the spin concentration and the total number of paramagnetic centres were measured before and after grafting. The gradual decrement of spin concentration as well as that of total number of paramagnetic centres were observed at varioust ime intervals after implantation. On the basis of the unusual stability and lack of chemical reaction of the paramagnetic centres involved, it is concluded that the decrease of the observed ESR signal intensities indicates progressive resorption and substitution. it seems that the proposed method can be useful for research o mineralized tissues.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Electron spin resonance ; Crystallinity ; Bone ; Osteons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Several groups containing 10–15 isolated osteons differing in their degree of maturity were analysed. Samples were isolated from undecalcified human and bovine bone sections. The crystallinity coefficient, defined as the ratio of the number of radiation-induced paramagnetic defects in the crystalline lattice of hydroxyapatite to the total ash content, was calculated. The results were compared with measurements performed on fragments of total cortical bone, primary periosteal bone, and inner circumferential lamellar bone. The results show a higher crystallinity of fully calcified osteons as compared with that found at the initial stage of calcification. No differences in the ash content were observed between human osteons, from different stages of calcification evaluated morphologically and by X-ray absorption. These differences were evident when bovine osteons differing in their stage of calcification were compared. Human fully calcified osteons contain 60% ash and their crystallinity coefficient is 52.1. Human osteons at the initial stage of calcification contain 57% ash and their crystallinity coefficient is 40.6. The same parameters for fully calcified bovine osteons and for bovine osteons at the initial stage of calcification are 59% ash, 62.6 crystallinity coefficient and 46% ash, 43.0 crystallinity coefficient, respectively.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Arterial smooth muscle cells in contractile and synthetic state were analyzed by optical diffractometry. Cell sections (80–90 nm) were photographed in an electron microscope and diffraction patterns of the plates (negatives) were produced using a helium-neon laser. Radial and angular distributions of light intensity in the diffractograms were measured and digitized using an electronic detector plate consisting of ring- and wedge-shaped photosensitive elements; radial distributions provide information about size of structures and distances between them and angular distributions about spatial orientation of structures in the images. Micrographs of nuclei and cytoplasm were analyzed separately (40–50 plates in each group). Computerized statistical analysis of radial distributions of light intensity showed that the nuclear chromatin pattern differed between cells in contractile and synthetic state. The probability that the observed difference could have arisen purely by chance was less than 10−5. Computer-aided classification to the a priori known cell group was correct in 96.5% of the cases. Analysis of radial distributions of light intensity similarly showed marked differences in cytoplasmic structure between cells in contractile state (dominated by bundles of myofilaments) and synthetic state (dominated by cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum). The probability that the observed difference could have arisen purely by chance was less than 10−5. Computer-aided classification to the a priori known cell group was correct in 92.0% of the cases. In contrast, analysis of angular distributions of light intensity did not indicate any statistically significant differences between contractile and synthetic state cells. A likely reason is that both myofilaments and cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum were arranged in parallel. The results demonstrate that optical diffractometry is a useful method for image analysis in studies of cell fine structure. It provides information about size and orientation of structures with poorly defined shape and is particularly well suited for studies on cell differentiation and effects of pharmacological and other experimental treatments on cell fine structure. It represents an alternative and a complement to stereology for quantitative and objective evaluation of morphological data.
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