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  • 1
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    OVERWINTER LOSSES OF NITROGEN-15 LABELLED UREA FERTILIZER (1986)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Description: Field studies using 15N microplots were conducted to quantify the uptake and disappearance of fall- and spring-applied urea N on low organic matter, irrigated soils. Urea was mixed with the surface soil to maximize the potential for overwinter nitrification and subsequent losses of the fertilizer N. In three irrigated soils, losses of fall-applied urea averaged 24–31% compared with 11–21% of that applied at seeding. Barley took up 33–42% of spring-applied urea N but only 16–36% of fall-applied urea N. The lower uptake of fall-applied N apparently resulted from higher N losses rather than from the immobilization of fall-applied urea. Fall application resulted in lower soil reserves of residual fertilizer N after the growing season, as compared to spring application, in two of the three studies. Sixty percent of the fertilizer N recovered from the soil remained in the surface 15 cm. The application of 50 mm of water in the fall or 100 mm in the early spring, to intensify any effects of moisture, had a minimal effect on N losses or the distribution of N in the soil. This suggests that an individual rainfall event would not greatly affect the uptake or losses of fall-applied fertilizer on well-drained soil. The observed fertilizer losses, however, support practices such as concentrating fall-applied fertilizers in bands or the use of nitrification inhibitors. Key words: Denitrification, nitrogen, fertilizer, N balance, N losses, urea
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 2
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    DENITRIFICATION IN SEVERAL ALBERTA SOILS: INHIBITION BY SULFUR ANIONS (1982)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-05-01
    Description: The microbial potential for denitrification and the effects of sulfur anions on this process were assessed in five Alberta soils. The denitrification potential of the various soils was ranked as follows: Black 〉 Dark Brown 〉 Brown [Formula: see text] Gray Luvisol [Formula: see text] Solodized Solonetz. The rate of denitrification in any soil was dependent on the chemical characteristics of that soil and the availability of a suitable carbon substrate for the denitrifying microorganisms. Denitrification was stimulated in three of the last four soils by adding 300 μg glucose-C/g of soil. Addition of 100 or 500 μg SO42−-S/g of soil had little or no effect on the rate of denitrification. In contrast, soils with added Na2SO3, Na2S2O3, and Na2S had reduced rates of denitrification and nitrite accumulated. The data suggest that microbial reduction of these sulfur anions to S2− occurred, and that S2− blocked the terminal steps of the enzyme pathway for denitrification, resulting in the accumulation of NO2−. The inhibition of denitrification by the sulfur anions could be overcome by adding 900 μg glucose-C/g of soil.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Arsenic Residues by Activation Analysis (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: —Arsenic bearing compounds have been used as insecticides, fungicides and herbicides. Wide-spread use of these chemicals could lead to build-up in the soil. Detection of arsenic requires special apparatus and sophisticated techniques. A method using neutron activation analysis was developed that required only drying of samples and encapsulation. Using activation analysis, it was found that arsenic was concentrated in the root of tomato plants. Data indicated a discrimination within the plant between fruit, stems and leaves, and root. Thus, it was concluded that soil concentrations of arsenic would have to be at the level that causes a reduction in fruit size and/ or yield before fruit concentration of arsenic would exceed the tolerance. This situation is not likely to occur at concentrations used for defoliation of horticultural crops prior to mechanical harvest. Activation analysis could be used to detect microgram quantities of arsenic in milligram size samples. The method was precise and repeatable and did not require elaborate sample preparation techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb10347.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF STORAGE CONDITIONS ON CHIP QUALITY OF POTATOES (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Potatoes of Shurchip, Norchip and Kennebec cultivars were stored for 4–17 wk at 40–55°F, reconditioned, chipped, and fried. For all cultivars, storage time, storage temperature, and period of reconditioning had a significant influence on finished chip quality as measured by Agtron color reflectance instruments and PCII Coughlin Ratings. These data were used to calculate a linear regression equation for predicting either value when the other is known. Color reflectance evaluation using only the green mode had merit over use of the total of all color modes. Mini-chip color data poorly correlated with that for commercial-type fryer chips.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1977.tb12639.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Chemical Composition of Maple Sugar Sand (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 28 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The gritty material obtained by filtering commercial maple sirup was analyzed to determine its composition and to relate its composition to the amount of sugar sand deposited to determine the factors responsible for the formation of sugar sand. The samples, taken over a two-year period, contained calcium, malic acid, and undetermined material (probably silica) as the major constituents. The calcium, malic acid, and calcium malate content gave highly significant positive correlations with the amount of sugar sand formed, whereas the percentage of undetermined material gave a negative correlation. There was also evidence that the malic acid content was more critical in the formation of sugar sand than the calcium content. Highly significant negative correlations were obtained between the percent sugar sand deposited and the iron, copper, and boron content. Further, these constituents also gave highly significant negative correlations when compared with the calcium content of the sugar sand. The presence of potassium, magnesium, and molybdenum appeared to have little effect on the formation of sugar sand. The nonvolatile organic acids present in sugar sand were determined by paper chromatography. Results showed that sugar sand contains malic, citric, succinic, fumaric, and three unidentified organic acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1963.tb00180.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DETINNING IN CANNED TOMATOES CAUSED BY ACCUMULATIONS OF NITRATE IN THE FRUIT (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 36 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: — The 1965 experimental crop of Floradel variety tomatoes accumulated no nitrate and removed only about 15% of the tin from their containers in a 2-yr storage period. The 1966 Florida crop of Homestead 24 variety tomatoes accumulated from about 50–80 ppm in the fruit and removed about 70% of the tin from their cans. All fertilizer application variables except the lowest resulted in about the same level of nitrate accumulation. The nitrate in most of these variables was exhausted in about 6 mo and the rate of detinning leveled off soon after. The correlation between loss of nitrate and tin removal was significant at the 5% level. Detinning in these cans approached a “problem level’ in that about 70% of the tin was removed in 18 mo. In the 1965 tomato crop at Ohio State University there was no apparent connection between the levels of applied nitrogen and the nitrate accumulated in the fruit. In the 1966 Ohio tomatoes, the treatments with no applied nitrogen accumulated less nitrate in the fruit than the other treatments with varying levels of nitrate fertilization. The differences among the detinning histories of the various treatments followed in a general way the differences in nitrate accumulation. Detinning in individual cans varied between extremely wide limits. There were no differences apparent among the treatment variables in the 1965 crop. In the 1966 tomatoes the zero applied nitrogen treatment consistently showed less detinning than the others. In both the 1965 and 1966 crops the nitrate in the canned samples was exhausted after about 2 mo of storage. Essentially all of the detinning in these tomatoes occurred during the first 6 mo. Regression equations from pooled results of field studies and work on nitrate fortification of non-aggressive tomatoes suggest that an initial nitrate concentration of the order of 100 ppm can constitute a rapid detinning problem in tomatoes in a 303 can having a tin coating weight of 1.00 Ib/bb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1971.tb04057.x
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