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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 85 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A highly efficient method of regenerating fertile, phenotypically normal plants from shoot apex cultures of T. aestivum was developed. The hypodermal layer (L2) of the vegetative apex containing germ line precursor cells could be located with bright field microscopy and targeted for microinjection. Fluorescently labelled dextrans were used as markers to develop a microinjection procedure which did not disrupt nuclear or cytoplasmic structure. This procedure was used to inject plasmid DNA into L2 cells. Capillary microinjection did not shear the plasmid DNA and delivery of DNA was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of DNA isolated from injected apices. The significance of these findings in relation to the development of cereal transformation systems will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 14 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Section 101A of the Water Industry Act 1991 requires that sewerage undertakers provide a public sewer to replace private wastewater systems if certain conditions are met. These include identification of pollution and amenity problems attributable to the private systems and economic justification of public sewer provision. Economic justification necessitates that the costs and the benefits of public sewer provision are compared. An environmental valuation study, using the contingent valuation method, has been carried out in three locations in south-east England to provide the average monetary value of the benefits accruing to households with unsatisfactory private systems. A statistical analysis of the survey-response data has yielded a monetary value which can be used in the assessment of the benefits of first-time public sewerage schemes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 23 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Marketing can be viewed as organized rational innovation - a function concerned with identifying the opportunity for change, inducing the action required and monitoring the change once introduced. This viewpoint establishes innovation as an eighth paradigm for marketing, alongside seven paradigms previously recognized within marketing theory. It is the only paradigm to focus directly on the function of marketing - on what the marketer actually does. As such, it draws traditional marketing management literature into marketing theory and highlights the problem of establishing and maintaining an innovative marketing function within an organizational environment resistant to change.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 5 (1968), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 11 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 85 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cell wall removal from plant cells can destabilize the cortical microtubules (MTs) in isolated protoplasts. The degree of destabilization depends on the origin and physiological condition of the cells, enzyme purity and digestion protocol, and the presence, in the digestion medium, of stabilizing factors such as Ca2+ or taxol. Disorientation of MTs in protoplasts and the absence of a “normal’ cell wall during early culture periods results in abnormalities in mitotic spindles, phragmoplasts, new cross-walls and chromosome segregation. These abnormalities are greatly reduced in older protoplast cultures, where a substantial cell wall had regenerated. It is suggested that the cell wall may serve to stabilize MTs through transmembrane proteins and may play a role in the spatial organization of MT nucleating sites.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 84 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Individual buds of Brassica napus cv. Topas, near the first pollen mitosis, were used for microspore culture. Bud and petal lengths were recorded. Microspores isolated from the individual buds were plated and small samples were fixed for cytology. Following embryo induction and three weeks of culturing, numbers of embryos were scored. Bud and petal lengths did not accurately indicate which buds would supply microspores that would form embryos at high frequencies. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine nuclei stained with Hoechst 33258 and vacuolar morphology of microspores was revealed by the weaker fluorescence due to glutaraldehyde fixation. Following isolation, nuclear and vacuolar characteristics were used to stage the microspores as miduninucleate, late uninucleate vacuolate, late uninucleate, mitotic, or binucleate. The relationship of developmental stage to the frequency of microspore-derived embryos was evaluated. A classification scheme was developed which uses the relative proportions of microspores at each of the stages to identify microspore isolations that would form embryos at high frequencies. It was found that when 1 to 87% of the isolated microspores were binucleate, 21.4 ± 3.0% of the viable microspores developed into embryos. This was a significant (P 〈 0.001) increase over the other 3 classes. The ability to select highly embryogenic microspore isolations is of great advantage for developmental cell biology studies.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 236 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zoocin A is a streptococcolytic enzyme produced by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus 4881 that has an unknown site of action on the peptidoglycans of susceptible organisms. Analysis of a mutant strain in which the genes for zoocin A and resistance to zoocin A were inactivated revealed that this strain was more susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics than the parental organism. Purified zoocin A had weak β-lactamase activity, bound radioactive penicillin covalently, and its streptococcolytic activity was inhibited by penicillin. Thus, zoocin A is a penicillin-binding protein and presumably is a d-alanyl endopeptidase.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 228 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To determine if the genes for lysostaphin endopeptidase (end) and lysostaphin resistance (epr) function in streptococci, we transferred these genes from Staphylococcus simulans biovar staphylolyticus into two strains of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. The end-containing streptococci were able to produce and process proendopeptidase. Strains containing epr were more resistant to lysis by the streptococcolytic enzyme zoocin A and amino acid analysis of the peptidoglycans of the epr-containing streptococci revealed insertion of serines in their cross bridges. This is the first report of the transfer of a femABX-like immunity factor resulting in a physiologically useful effect in a different genus.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 215 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zoocin A is a lysostaphin-like streptococcolytic enzyme produced by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus 4881 that specifically targets the cell walls of some closely related species. On the basis of sequence homology it was suggested that zoocin A was a domain-structured enzyme with the N-terminal domain responsible for catalysis (CAT) and the C-terminal domain for target recognition (SBD). Polypeptides corresponding to zoocin A (rZooA) and each of the putative domains (rCAT and rSBD) were prepared by use of recombinant technology. The biological activities of each was compared by use of a dye-release assay and a cell-binding assay. Cell wall hydrolysis was shown to be a function of CAT and target recognition a function of the SBD. Expression of the zoocin A immunity factor gene produced cell walls resistant to hydrolysis by either rZooA or its component domains, and with reduced capacity to bind rZooA and rSBD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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