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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of Frankfurters Made From Electrically Stimulated Beef (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Frankfurters (3 replications of 4.54 kg meat batches) were conventionally made. Paired sides from beef were used for control (NES) and electrically stimulated (ES) meats (clods, flanks and plates). All-beef frankfurters (100% ES beef or 100% NES beef) and beef-pork frankfurters (80% ES beef-20% pork or 80% NES beef-20% pork) were made. The pork was not electrically stimulated. Proximate composition within cut of beef (plate, flank, clod) was not affected (P 〉 0.05) by ES. However, ES clods had (numerically) greater percentages of expressible juice loss, greater percentages of salt-soluble protein and lower percentages of juice loss during cooking than did NES clods (not statistically different). Use of ES beef alone or in combination with 20% pork did not affect external visual color, off-flavor, overall desirability or processing shrinkage of frankfurters. ES may affect certain properties (raw and cooked muscles) as measured in the laboratory, but when these ES muscles are used to make frankfurters, no real advantages or disadvantages were suggested by this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1982.tb11101.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Aspects of the Thermal History of the Earth (1937)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 4 (1937), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A number of thermal problems connected with the Earth are discussed–the early thermal history of the Earth and some of its consequences, the formation and state of the inner core, convection in the core and its relation to the Earth's magnetic field, and conditions in the upper mantle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1937.tb07118.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of different protein supplements on the utilization of untreated, formic acid-treated or enzyme-treated silages by growing steers (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three grass silages were made from perennial ryegrass ensiled without additive application (U) or with the application of formic acid (F) or an enzyme mixture of hemicellulases and cellulases (E).Analysis of silages showed that both untreated and enzyme-treated silages had higher lactic acid concentrations than formic acid-treated silage. Enzyme-treated silage had lower levels of ADF and NDF but higher concentrations of residual WSC than other silages.The silages were fed to growing steers supplemented with either rapeseed meal (RSM) (60 g kg−1 silage DM) or fishmeal (FM) at a level isonitrogenous with RSM diets, so providing six diets (UR, UF, ER, EF, FR, FF). Organic matter intakes were similar, but ADF intakes were significantly (P 〈 0·001) lower with enzyme-treated silage diets (UR, 1163; UF, 1160; ER, 1104; EF, 1035; FR, 1216; FF, 1213), as were intakes of NDF (P 〈 0·01) (UR, 1946; UF, 1955; ER, 1877; 1772; FR, 2031; FF, 2041). Apparent whole tract digestibilities of organic matter were significantly (P 〈 0·001) higher with enzyme-treated silages (UR, 0·644, UF, 0·644; ER, 0·668; EF, 0·678; FR, 0·633; FF, 0·633). Liveweight gains were generally higher with treated silage diets and RSM supported a greater response than FM (UR, 0·496; UF, 0·498; ER, 0·567; EF, 0·489; FR, 0·543; FF, 0·506) with both enzyme and formic acid-treated silages, although none of these differences were significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1992.tb02254.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein supplementation of formic acid- and enzyme-treated silages. 1. Digestibilities, organic matter and fibre digestion (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two silages were made from perennial ryegrass ensiled without wilting in 2-t capacity silos with the application of either formic acid or an enzyme mixture of cellulases and hemicellulases. Effluent losses were monitored over the ensiling period. Subsequent silage analysis showed that the enzyme-treated silage had higher concentrations of residual water soluble carbohydrate, lactic acid and acetic acid, and lower concentrations of cellulose, ADF and NDF. Effluent production was higher with the enzyme silage (formic acid, 211 1 t−1; enzyme, 2671 t−1). The silages were either offered as the sole diet or supplemented with rapeseed meal at two levels (60 or 120 g fresh weight kg−1 silage DM offered) to growing steers equipped with rumen cannulae and T-piece duodenal cannulae. Apparent whole tract digestibilities for DM, OM, N, ADF and NDF were similar for all diets although nitrogen retention (g d−1) was increased with supplementation of both silages (formic acid, 21·1; formic acid + 60 g, 23·5; formic acid+ 120 g, 28·5; enzyme, 22·6; enzyme + 60 g, 25·8; enzyme+ 120 g, 31·6). Rumen pH, ammonia and total volatile fatty acids patterns were similar. Supplementation increased the amount of organic matter apparently digested in the rumen (ADOMR) with formic acid-treated silage but not with enzyme-treated silage. Liveweight gains were similar for both unsupplemented silages (0·49 kg d−1). These increased to 0·55 and 0·65 kg d−1 for formic + 60 and formic + 120 respectively. Liveweight gains for the corresponding enzyme-treated supplemented diets were 0·81 and 0·91 kg d−1 respectively. Liveweight gains on supplemented enzyme-treated diets were significantly (P 〈 0·05) greater than those on formic acid-treated diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1992.tb02252.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymes as silage additives 2. The effect of grass dry matter content on silage quality and performance in sheep (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 46 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eight grass silages were made from two contrasting varieties of perennial ryegrass, four silages each from a late-cut early-maturing (high dry matter, HDM) variety and from an early-cut, late-maturing (low dry matter, LDM) variety. The grass was ensiled without additive (untreated), or with formic acid, or with one of two enzyme mixtures of hemicellulases and cellulases (enzyme 1 and enzyme 2) for a period of 130 d.Formic acid-treated silage had lower levels of lactic acid at both levels of dry matter than the other silages. Enzyme treatment of grass prior to ensilage resulted in reduced levels of cellulose, acid-detergent fibre and neutral-detergent fibre in LDM silages and lower acid-detergent fibre and neutral-detergent fibre in the HDM silages compared with the corresponding untreated and formic acid-treated silages. Voluntary intakes (g DM d−1) of untreated and enzyme-treated silages were significantly (P〈0·01) lower at both digestibilities compared with formic acid-treated silages (LDM: untreated, 982; formic, 1069; enzyme 1, 868; enzyme 2, 937; HDM: untreated, 931; formic, 1027; enzyme 1, 943; enzyme 2, 914). The organic matter, carbohydrate and nitrogen digestibility coefficients of LDM silages were significantly (P〈0·001) higher than those of HDM silages. There were no significant differences in any component digestibility related to silage additive.Comparison of digestibility coefficients for constituents of the LDM silages fed to sheep or steers showed no differences between species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1991.tb02222.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymes as silage additives. 1. Silage quality, digestion, digestibility and performance in growing cattle (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 46 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Four grass silages were made from perennial ryegrass ensiled after a 1h wilt in 2-t silos without additive application, with application of formic acid or with one of two enzyme mixtures of hemicellulases and cellulases (enzyme 1 and enzyme 2). Effluent losses were monitored over the ensiling period (130 d).Analyses of the silage showed that formic acid-treated silage had lower concentrations of lactic acid than the other silages. Both enzyme-treated silages had lower levels of cellulose, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) than the untreated and formic acid treated silages. Effluent production was highest with enzyme-treated silages.The silages were subsequently fed to growing steers equipped with rumen cannulae and T-piece duodenal cannulae. Apparent whole-tract digestibilities of organic matter constituents were significantly lower (P 〈 0·05) with both enzyme-treated silages (untreated; 0·736, formic acid; 0·722, enzyme 1; 0·694, enzyme 2; 0·703). Both untreated and enzyme 2-treated silages sustained higher nitrogen digestibilities (g g−1 intake) (untreated; 0·675, formic acid; 0·636, enzyme 1; 0·630, enzyme 2; 0·662) and N retentions (g d−1) untreated; 16·0, formic acid; 14·0, enzyme 1; 11·6, enzyme 2; 16·6), but none of these differences was significant. When formic acid-treated silage was offered, there was a greater amount of organic matter apparently digested in the rumen (ADOMR). Non-ammonia nitrogen and microbial nitrogen flows at the duodenum were similar on all diets. The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was highest with enzyme 2-treated silage and lowest with formic acid-treated silage (untreated, 35·4; formic acid, 25·2; enzyme 1, 30·4; enzyme 2, 39·4), but none of these differences were significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1991.tb02208.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein supplementation of formic acid- and enzyme-treated silages. 2. Nitrogen and amino acid digestion (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two silages were made from primary growth perennial ryegrass and ensiled after the application of either formic acid or an enzyme mixture of cellulase and hemicellulase. Silage analysis showed both silages to be well preserved with low pH of 3·70 and 3·62 for the formic and enzyme treatments respectively. Formic acid-treated silage had a higher total amino acid concentration than enzyme-treated silage. The silages were offered to growing steers either as the sole diet or supplemented with rapeseed meal at 60 g or 120 g fresh weight kg−1 silage DM offered, in a 6 × 6 Latin square arrangement.Non-ammonia nitrogen and microbial nitrogen flows at the duodenum (g d−1) were significantly (P 〈 0·05) increased by supplementation of enzyme-treated silage compared with formic acid-treated silage (enzyme, 83·6, 58·7; enzyme + 60 g, 101·7, 75·3; enzyme + 120 g, 112·5, 80·7; formic, 91·9, 63·7; formic + 60g, 88·3, 67·9; formic + 120 g, 95·5, 67·1) respectively. Efficiencies of microbial protein synthesis were increased for supplemented enzyme-treated silage diets and values were reduced for supplemented formic acid-treated silage diets compared with the silage only diets (enzyme, 27·9; enzyme + 60 37·7; enzyme + 120 g, 38·6; formic, 33·7; formic + 60g, 31·2; formic + 120 g, 28·8). Total amino acid flow at the duodenum increased with supplementation of both silages; however, microbial amino acid flow increased significantly (P 〈 0·05) with supplementation of enzyme-treated silage compared with formic acid-treated silage diets. Significantly greater amounts of cystine, methionine, alanine, valine and aspartic acid entered the small intestines of animals receiving supplemented enzyme silages compared with supplemented formic acid silages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1992.tb02253.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Genotoxic Substances in Cancer Patients Receiving Antineoplastic Drugs (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 534 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb30166.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF MYCOPLASMA ON THE KARYOLOGY OF NORMAL CELLS (1967)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 143 (1967), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb27707.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF CARCASS WEIGHT AND FAT THICKNESS OF LAMB CARCASSES ON SURFACE BACTERIA COUNTS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 44 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbial studies were conducted to determine the rate of build-up of surface bacteria during chilling and holding on carcasses of 141 lambs. Samples were obtained using the swab technique. Initial bacterial load was determined on hot carcasses. Chilled carcasses were sampled at 24 hr and after 4 and 7 days post slaughter. Bacterial counts indicated substantial reduction in numbers during chilling, at -2.2 °C for 24 hr from 6.4 × 103 to 5.1 × 102/cm2 for the total aerobic count on light lamb carcasses. Reduction in numbers of total aerobes during 24-hr chilling was not as great for heavy lamb carcasses, from 5.1 × 103 to 1.7 × 103/cm2 Numbers of phychrotrophic organisms after 4 and 7 days appear to be related to the thickness of fat cover. Carcasses having 0.36 cm or less of fat cover had significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher psychrophilic counts. No Salmonella were isolated and numbers of Clostridium perfringens in both groups of lamb carcasses were low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1979.tb06454.x
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