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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathological study of rabbit intestinal mucosa infected with a hybrid strain of Shigella dysenteriae 1 carrying LPS biosynthesis genes of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 219 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The rfb gene cluster and the rfc gene of Salmonella enterica were introduced earlier into an invasive Shigella dysenteriae 1 strain by triparental cross. Antiserum was raised in rabbit against lipopolysaccharide isolated from the hybrid strain. Both the hybrid and the invasive S. dysenteriae 1 strain were found to have a titer of 1:2560 while for S. enterica, it was 1:640. Ligated ileal loops were prepared in rabbit, which were inoculated with 108 CFU ml−1 each of the hybrid strain, and invasive S. dysenteriae 1 strain used as positive control. Escherichia coli K12 was also used as a negative control. After 18 h, the fluid accumulation ratios were 0.2 and 1.6 for hybrid and invasive strains of S. dysenteriae 1, respectively. Rabbit intestinal mucosa infected with hybrid S. dysenteriae 1 strain showed the presence of intact villus tips and unruptured intestinal mucosa whereas total necrosis of intestinal mucosa and villi was observed in the S. dysenteriae 1-infected region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00046-6
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional reconstruction of a pathogenic yeast Exophiala dermatitidis cell by freeze-substitution and serial sectioning electron microscopy (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 219 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The structure of a budding cell of the pathogenic yeast Exophiala dermatitidis was observed in three dimensions after freeze-substitution, serial ultrathin sectioning and computer reconstruction. The nucleus occupied about 10% of the cell volume. The spindle pole body was composed of two disk elements connected by an intervening midpiece, and occupied about 0.01% of the cell volume. The cell wall consisted of an inner transparent layer, a middle electron-opaque layer, and an outer fibrous layer. The mitochondria occupied about 10% of the cell volume. There were numerous mitochondria in the mother cell and the bud, but no ‘giant mitochondrion’ was seen. The ratio of mitochondrial volume within the bud to the mitochondrial volume of the cell was close to the ratio of bud:cell cytoplasmic volume. The results emphasize the importance of good cryofixation for ‘perfect’ preservation of yeast cell structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(02)01181-3
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Mg2+ ion in protein secretion by magnesium-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the coastal water of Haldia port (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 185 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A rapidly growing industrial complex including oil refineries and chemical industries has developed around the coastal area of Haldia port in the district of Midnapore, West Bengal, India. The coastal water is highly polluted with industrial wastes along with petroleum hydrocarbons. The bacteria isolated from the different sites of the coastal waters were Escherichia coli, Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella spp., Micrococcus spp., Vibrio spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The salinity of the water during the time of collection of samples around the port area was 8.2 ppt. Among the isolated organisms, only two isolates, P. aeruginosa and V. parahaemolyticus, showed growth at 300 mM Mg2+ ion concentration. However, a 3 mM Mg2+ concentration was detected in the coastal water whereas other metal ion concentrations were less than 3×10−5 mM. Resistance to Mg2+ (300 mM) was determined by a 5.5-kb plasmid. A large amount of a 40-kDa outer membrane protein, which was highly soluble in 1 M MgCl2, was isolated from both V. parahaemolyticus and P. aeruginosa. The secretion of proteins in the culture supernatant of V. parahaemolyticus was highly increased when the cells were grown in the presence of 300 mM Mg2+, whereas very low secretion was observed in the same concentration of Mg2+ in the case of P. aeruginosa. Mg2+ may act as a specific release factor in protein secretion by V. parahaemolyticus strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09054.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibodies detected against Plasmodium falciparum haemozoin with inhibitory properties to cytokine production (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 194 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Haemozoin, the malaria pigment, regulates the synthesis of several host cytokines and has been found to be associated with the disease severity. Here we describe that malarial patients produce a significant amount of anti-haemozoin IgM antibodies. Levels of these antibodies were higher among the complicated Plasmodium falciparum cases compared to the non-complicated P. falciparum group and Plasmodium vivax patients. The P. falciparum haemozoin also induced the synthesis of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by the monocytes of the healthy individuals, but the production of these cytokines by the monocytes was inhibited in the presence of the anti-haemozoin IgM antibodies. Therefore, it seems that the host produces these antibodies (mainly IgM types) during malarial infection that can influence the progression of the disease by inhibiting the production of cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb09465.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of Gibberellin-like Substances in Matthiola incana under Different Temperature Conditions (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 16 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1963.tb08311.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake pathways of clinical and healthy animal isolates of Campylobacter jejuni into INT-407 cells (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 29 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from human and animal sources showed different invasion levels into human embryonic intestinal (INT-407) cells. There was no significant relation between the degree of invasion and cytotoxins production. The depolymerization of both microfilaments by cytochalasin-D and microtubules by colchicine, demecolcine and nocodazole or stabilization of microtubules by paclitaxel reduced the invasiveness of C. jejuni, although microfilament depolymerization showed greater inhibition than microtubule depolymerization. Interference with receptor-mediated endocytosis by G-strophanthin and monodansylcadaverine and inhibition of endosome acidification by monensin reduced the number of viable intracellular C. jejuni cells. Furthermore inhibition of only host protein kinases by staurosporine, but not phosphoinositide 3-kinase by wortmannin or protein kinase-C by calphostin-C, significantly reduced invasion of epithelial cells by C. jejuni. These data suggest that the internalization mechanism triggered by C. jejuni is strikingly different from the microfilament-dependent invasion mechanism exhibited by many of the well-studied enteric bacteria such as enteroinvasive strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01524.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of porin of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 in modulation of lipopolysaccharide mediated nitric oxide and interleukin-1 release by murine peritoneal macrophages (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 29 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ability of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 porin to induce the release of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) from peritoneal macrophages of mouse and to regulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) mediated release of the two proinflammatory mediators was investigated. Porin released nitrite when added to macrophage cultures. A maximum of 3.2-fold nitrite release by macrophages was observed with 100 ng ml−1 of porin. The nitrite release of LPS was enhanced significantly by lower concentrations of porin, whereas the effect of IFN-γ was enhanced by porin at higher concentrations. Polysaccharide (PS) moiety of LPS stimulated the nitrite release of elicited macrophages by 1.6-fold compared to untreated control. It also enhanced the stimulatory effect of 1 and 10 ng ml−1 of porin by 1.3-fold. Lipid A (LPA) moiety of LPS did not release nitrite, nor did it increase the porin mediated nitrite production. Porin treated 24 h old macrophage culture supernatants were applied for ConA activated thymocyte proliferation as a measure for determination of IL-1 release. Sixty percent depletion of thymocyte proliferation was observed when the porin treated macrophage supernatants were absorbed with anti-IL-1 antibody. A maximum of 5.5-fold increase of thymocyte proliferation over control was found with 1 and 10 ng ml−1 of porin. One or 10 ng ml−1 of porin and LPS augmented the thymocyte growth, 1.5-fold beyond that obtained by porin and 1.8-/1.7-fold more than that obtained by LPS, alone. Similarly, porin and IFN-γ co-stimulated the cell growth also. PS enhanced the thymocyte proliferation by 5-fold. It also enhanced the thymocyte growth by co-stimulating 1.4-fold the effect observed by 1 or 10 ng ml−1 of porin alone. LPA could not participate in the cell proliferating activity nor did it enhance the stimulatory effect of porin. Therefore, both nitrite release and thymocyte proliferation by LPS could be substituted by PS only. The tight association of the two bacterial outer membrane components, porin and LPS, could be a necessary co-signal for boosting the release of the two proinflammatory mediators, namely NO and IL-1, which may be associated with the inflammatory response of the colon during Shigella invasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01515.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Porin of Shigella dysenteriae enhances mRNA levels for Toll-like receptor 2 and MyD88, up-regulates CD80 of murine macrophage, and induces the release of interleukin-12 (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Sera of patients convalescing from shigellosis reacted strongly and specifically with the 38,000 Da monomer of porin of Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Since human, the only natural host of S. dysenteriae type 1, recognized the protein through humoral immune response, it is of great significance to study the surface-exposed outer membrane antigen as an adjuvant. Porin treatment of CD11b+ peritoneal cavity (PerC) MΦ of BALB/c mouse was found to up-regulate CD80 on cell surface and had no effect on CD86 expression. The surface expression of CD80 got increased by 1.6-fold in the presence of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) supporting selective regulation of the B7–1 (CD80) member of the B7 family. MΦ released 7.25 pg of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in the presence of porin. The protein in combination with IFN-γ augmented profoundly the release of IL-12 by 2.6-fold. Porin-mediated induction of IL-12 release would therefore influence Th1-type response, known to be preferentially triggered due to up-regulation of CD80 expression. Treatment of PerC MΦ by the protein showed an increase of mRNA for both Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) by 2- and 2.3-fold respectively, emphasizing that TLR2 is essential for recognition of S. dysenteriae type 1 porin. Understanding the mechanism of adjuvanticity of porin of S. dysenteriae type 1 is a necessary step towards the development of a better adjuvant against shigellosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00233-5
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