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  • Elsevier  (76)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (20)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (11)
  • Geological Society of London
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)
  • Amsterdam : Elsevier
  • 1985-1989  (107)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Unimolecular dynamics following vibrational overtone excitation of HN3 v1=5 and v1=6: HN3(X˜;v,J,K)→HN(X 3Σ−;v,J,Ω)+N2 (X 1Σ+g) (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 608-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Excitation of the NH-stretch overtone transitions of HN3 to v1=5 and 6 resulted in predissociation to HN(X) and N2(X) with lifetimes of 80+60−30 and ≤3 ns, respectively. Following excitation of either overtone, the HN fragments were formed predominantly in the symmetric F1, F3 spin–rotation states, with less than 4% population in the antisymmetric F2 levels. Fragment Doppler profiles confirmed that most of the available energy (〉96%) went into translational motion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455454
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Time resolved studies of vibrational relaxation dynamics of CO(v=1) on metal particle surfaces (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 4619-4620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The vibrational relaxation dynamics of CO chemisorbed on small Pt and Rh particles supported on SiO2 has been investigated by picosecond time-resolved infrared transient bleaching experiments. A vibrational T1 lifetime of ≈7 ps has been observed for several different samples, independent of polarization, pump intensity, and sample temperature from 100–400 K. A 1:3 isotopic dilution has no effect upon T1. This T1 lifetime is a factor of 10–50 times shorter than T1 reported for metal carbonyl cluster compounds in solution and on SiO2 supports. Two possible mechanisms are considered to account for the rapid T1 decay; redistribution of the energy throughout the broad CO vibrational band, and relaxation directly to electron–hole pairs in the metal particles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456598
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The spectroscopy and A state dynamics of the NeIBr van der Waals complex (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 3171-3180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The A 3Π1←X 1Σ+ laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectrum of the NeIBr van der Waals complex is reported and analyzed to extract information regarding the structure and vibrational predissociation dynamics of the complex. While no definitive geometric information regarding NeIBr is obtained, our data indicate that a linear geometry is at least plausible. The vibrational predissociation lifetimes are a strong function of A state vibrational level and range from 2.6 to 23 ps. The variation in lifetime with vibrational level is consistent with the results of previous measurements on rare gas–halogen complexes, particularly NeBr2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455867
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Picosecond study of the population lifetime of CO(v=1) chemisorbed on SiO2-supported rhodium particles (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 5342-5343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Infrared pump–probe characterization of the excited state lifetimes reveals that CO bound to isolated metal sites (T1=140±20 ps) persists longer than the signal observed for CO bound to (approximate)35 A(ring) diameter metal particles (≤18 ps), suggesting paticipation of electron–hole excitations in the larger metal particles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455626
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CO(v=1) population lifetimes of metal–carbonyl cluster compounds in dilute CHCl3 solution (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 230-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Tunable infrared picosecond pulses in the 5 μ region have been used for time-resolved pump–probe measurements of the population relaxation lifetime (T1) of CO(v=1) stretching vibrations in a series of metal–carbonyl cluster compounds in room temperature chloroform solution. T1 was the same for symmetric (ν=2084 cm−1, 90±10 ps) and antisymmetric (2014 cm−1, 87±10 ps) modes of the dicarbonyl Rh(CO)2(C5H7O2); T1 was the same for the B1 (2092 cm−1 , 710±130 ps) and B2 (2036 cm−1, 750±90 ps) modes of Rh2(CO)4Cl2. Similarly long T1 times were found for Rh4(CO)12 (2075 cm−1, 610±65 ps) and Rh6(CO)16 (2077 cm−1, 700±100 ps). The molecule Co4(CO)12 has also been compared to the corresponding rhodium analog and it exhibits an initially fast relaxation of 47±5 ps followed by a slower 396±70 ps decay. The transient response of the more complex systems to the single frequency experiment is found to be sensitive to frequency and can exhibit bleaching, absorption, and a combination of these effects. Such behavior is attributed to overlap of the IR pulse with v=1 to v=2 and higher transitions in the M4(CO)12 (M=Rh or Co) and Rh6(CO)16 molecules. The long CO(v=1) T1 values for the metal cluster molecules suggest relaxation via multiquantum transfer of vibrational energy to adjacent M–C stretch and M–C–O bend vibrations; energy transfer to vibrational or electronic states of the central metal core seems unimportant in determining T1 for these systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455510
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dissociation lifetimes and level mixing in overtone-excited HN3(X˜ 1A') (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 7037-7045 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Vibrational overtone photodissociation is used to examine the spectroscopy and vibrational predissociation lifetimes of HN3 in its ground electronic state. Direct overtone pumping of the N–H stretching levels 5νNH and 6νNH prepares molecules in selected states (v,J,K) near 15 100 and 17 700 cm−1 of vibrational energy; spin-forbidden NH(X 3 Σ−) dissociation fragments are detected by laser-induced fluorescence. Photodissociation spectra of beam-cooled HN3 display mixing of individual rotational levels of the nνNH vibrations with several background states, with derived coupling matrix elements in the range 0.01–0.1 cm−1. Vibrational predissociation lifetimes of mixed components of 5νNH are state specific, with variations of a factor of 2 for only 0.1 cm−1 energy differences. Average lifetimes for low J, K are 210 ns for 5νNH and 0.95 ns for 6νNH. The ratio of decay rates for the two overtone levels, k(6νNH)/k(5νNH)=220, is much greater than predicted by statistical theory, which gives a ratio of 4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456230
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Energetics and spin- and Λ-doublet selectivity in the infrared multiphoton dissociation DN3→DN(X 3Σ−, a 1Δ)+N2(X 1Σ+g): Experiment (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 1378-1387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Multiphoton vibrational excitation of deuterated hydrazoic acid, DN3, by a CO2 laser (I=10 GW/cm2) leads to dissociation forming DN in both X 3Σ− (spin forbidden) and a 1Δ (spin allowed) electronic states. Under collisionless conditions, the nascent DN fragments were probed via laser induced fluorescence, to determine initial product state distributions. The DN(X 3Σ−) molecules are formed predominantly in the symmetric F1 and F3 spin–rotation states with little population (≤6%) in the antisymmetric F2 levels. There is no significant population (〈3%) in excited DN(3Σ−) vibrational levels. The distribution of rotational states is Boltzmann-like, characterized by a rotational "temperature'' of about 920 K for the F1, F3 states and 500 K for F2 levels. Doppler profiles showed a large kinetic energy release of about 10 100 cm−1 total in the triplet channel. The DN(1Δ) products are formed preferentially in the symmetric Δ(A'), e-labeled lambda doublet levels: Δ(A')/Δ(A‘)=1.44. The DN(1Δ) is formed with no vibrational excitation (〈2%); the rotational states are populated Boltzmann-like with a rotational "temperature'' of 425 K. Doppler profiles give a total kinetic energy of about 1500 cm−1 in this channel. These observations give information about the distribution of energy in the reactant, the location of the barriers to dissociation, and the geometry of the transition states. Alexander, Werner, and Dagdigian (accompanying article) show that the observed DN(3Σ−) spin- and DN(1Δ) Λ-doublet selectivities reflect the symmetry properties of a planar transition state and that the low degree of DN(3Σ−) rotational and vibrational excitation is also expected from the transition state geometry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455137
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Time- and state-resolved measurements of nitric oxide dimer infrared photodissociation (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 1966-1976 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Picosecond and nanosecond lasers and pulsed molecular beam techniques have been used to measure the infrared photodissociation spectra, the product state distributions, and the predissociation lifetimes of vibrationally excited nitric oxide dimer (NO)2 . Results for the ν1 (v=1) symmetric NO stretching mode and the ν4 (v=1) antisymmetric NO stretching mode are presented. Predissociation lifetimes are determined by time-resolved laser induced fluorescence probing of the NO monomer product appearance rate. A dramatic mode dependence of the predissociation lifetimes is observed with the higher energy ν1 mode decaying in approximately 1 ns, and the lower energy ν4 mode decaying in approximately 40 ps. The mode dependence is independent of which product state is probed. The product state distributions show that 75% to 80% of the available energy is channeled into relative translational energy of the fragments for both modes. Rotational state distributions are Boltzmann-like with temperatures ranging from 71 to 112 K depending on both the initially excited mode and on the NO product spin–orbit state. Predissociation from ν1 produces NO fragments in the 2Π1/2 and 2 Π3/2 states with equal probability. Predissociation from ν4 exhibits a propensity for producing the lower energy 2 Π1/2 spin–orbit state. The observations are discussed in terms of various vibrational predissociation mechanisms, including vibrational potential coupling and electronically nonadiabatic predissociation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455694
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND REDISTRIBUTION: A MICRODATA ANALYSIS FOR SEVEN COUNTRIES (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper reports the detailed results of a comparison of the distribution and redistribution of income in seven countries using the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) database. Use of LIS facilitates comparisons of inequality in respect to similarly-defined variables, permits methodological alternatives to be used, and allows the countries to be compared on aspects of income ranking and policy equity in ways not otherwise possible.The results indicate a pattern of inequality in which Sweden is the most equal, followed by Norway, the U.K. and Canada, while among the less equal countries Israel is generally more equal than Germany-or the USA., whose relative inequality depends on the measure chosen. Use of the LIS database also allows a more detailed explanation of these results, noting, for example, the role of cash benefits in increasing equality in Sweden and the U.K., and in aiding the bottom quintile in Germany; and the important part played by self-employment income in contributing to the high top quintile shares in Germany and Israel, and in rendering the Norwegian distribution less equal than that of its Scandinavian neighbour.The wealth of the database, however, means that methodological issues need to be treated both more explicitly and more carefully than is possible with more restrictive data. To interpret the data also requires a considerable degree of knowledge about the institutional features of tax and social provisions in each country, so that an income microdatabase could usefully be completed by one focused on the details of such provisions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1989.tb00585.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of tall fescue on the germination, seedling growth and yield of birdsfoot trefoil (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 43 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: The influence of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) on germination and seedling growth of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) was evaluated during 1983-85 at Manhattan, Kansas. Studies were designed to evaluate tall fescue cv. Kentucky-31 for possible allelopathic compounds, determine the effects of tall fescue on the germination, seedling growth and yield of birdsfoot trefoil, and to characterize the chemical properties of tall fescue. Fescue produced allelopathic compounds, particularly during the spring and autumn months when it was actively growing. The greatest trefoil inhibition occurred with fescue plant extracts prepared during the autumn (September and October). The concentration of fescue extracts influenced trefoil germination, with greater inhibition as fescue concentration increased. In a sand medium under greenhouse conditions, fescue extracts prepared in spring and autumn reduced trefoil growth by 50 and 56%, respectively, with no inhibition during the summer months. Under field conditions, full strength fescue extracts reduced trefoil plant populations by 14 and 57% with spring and autumn prepared extracts, respectively. Fescue competition reduced sod-seeded trefoil plants per unit area by 17 and 31% for spring and autumn seeding, respectively. Full strength fescue extracts reduced trefoil seedling growth by an average of 37%, and trefoil dry matter yields by 53%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1988.tb02152.x
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