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  • International Union of Crystallography  (48)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (33)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic and macroscopic effects of electron irradiation on ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-TrFe) copolymers (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 4037-4044 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of electron irradiation on ferroelectric poly(vinylidene-trifluoroethylene) copolymers has been studied from both microscopic and macroscopic points of view. Microscopically, it is found by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy analysis and ultraviolet absorption that the irradiation damaging is mainly through dehydrofluorination and leads to double-bond production and crosslinking. On the other hand, dielectric permittivity, internal friction, x-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry experiments show that both the ferroelectric transition temperature Tc and the melting temperature Tm are lowered under irradiation. These various experimental features are consistently analyzed taking into account three main mechanisms resulting from the electron irradiation: (i) reduction of the crystallite mean size, (ii) changes in the internal pressure, and (iii) reduction of the dipolar energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349179
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the ν6 band of CH3Br by infrared laser sideband and submillimeter-wave spectroscopy (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 6833-6839 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: About 136 transitions in the ν6 band of CH3Br have been measured using an infrared laser sideband spectrometer. The sidebands were generated by mixing the 10 μm radiation of a CO2 laser with the radiation of a tunable high power microwave source. Frequencies of transitions with J≤71 and K≤8 are reported. The accuracy of the measurements is estimated to be better than 10 MHz. Some high J rotational transitions in the v6=1 state have also been measured with a submillimeter-wave spectrometer. The new measurements have been combined with previous results to derive vibration–rotation parameters for the v6=1 state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456256
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of an electron cold cathode tube for soft x-ray spectrometry (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 1539-1541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An electron gun for soft x-ray emission spectrometry (〈4 keV) is described. Electrons are produced in a capacitive direct current glow discharge tube working at low pressure. The surface area struck by the electrons is about 2 cm2. The electron energy spectrum has been analyzed with a plane parallel retarding field analyzer as a function of the pressure, the voltage and the current of the discharge tube. It is shown that even at relatively high pressure (1 Pa) most of the high energy electrons flowing out of the tube have an energy close to the operating voltage of the discharge tube. Electron energy results are also correlated to electron induced x-ray emission. It is shown by the measurement of the threshold voltage of x-ray lines and of the induced background intensity that the electron beam coming out of the tube can be considered to have an energy corresponding to the applied voltage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142431
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient chaos in room acoustics (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Chaos 3 (1993), S. 529-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7682
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The decay of sound in an auditorium due to absorption is central to the theory and practice of room acoustics. Within geometrical acoustics, this problem involves the partial trapping of chaotic ray trajectories in billiards, hence transient chaos. We first present a theoretical and numerical analysis of the decay of rays in 2-D chaotic billiards (2-D room acoustic models) and show that the existence of fluctuations (in the mean-free path and in the rate of phase space exploration) leads to modifications from the standard statistical theory. An ergodic wave theory of room acoustics based on a wave formulation is then discussed and tested by direct numerical calculations of the eigenmodes in 2-D billiards. Finally, we present a semiclassical calculation of the acoustic Green's functions in the time domain, based on a summation over rays, viewed as generalized wave impulses, and successfully compare its predictions with a direct numerical integration of the wave equation. This formalism provides a framework to link the geometrical ray description to the ergodic wave theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.165958
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three dimensional arrays of cobalt nanocrystals: Fabrication and magnetic properties (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 1502-1508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cobalt nanocrystal three dimensional (3D) arrays were fabricated by deposition of a ferrofluid on a highly oriented pyrolitic graphite substrate and by applying a magnetic field parallel to the substrate during the deposition process. Depending on the strength of the magnetic field, regular stripes of cobalt nanocrystals are obtained. The influence of the deposition process parameters was investigated. The magnetic properties of these 3D arrays are discussed in terms of orientation of the easy axes and ferromagnetic domain formation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1427397
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the x-ray spectrometric properties of cesium hydrophthalate (CsAP) crystal with the synchrotron radiation : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1601-1603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The spectrometric properties of several hydrophthalate crystals (KAP, RbAP, TlAP, and CsAP) are studied. Especially investigated is cesium hydrophthalate for which little information is available in the literature. Experimental measurements of rocking curves at 1000 and 2500 eV performed on the SB3 beamline of Super ACO storage ring (LURE-Orsay) are presented. The experimental results are compared with calculations made with a new version of BRAGG, a preprocessor of the ray-tracing SHADOW. This improved version allows to generate rocking curves of any crystal structures. The results of the perfect crystal model matches well with the experimental observation. Among the selected crystals CsAP shows the highest reflectivity. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145920
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrafast mechanical shuttering system for separating single x-ray pulses from a synchrotron (abstract) : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1721-1721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A mechanical shutter system for conducting time resolved experiments at the APS and ESRF storage rings which is suitable for use with white and monochromatic x-ray beams has been developed. The system is able to isolate single x-ray pulses from synchrotron sources with large orbit times, such as the APS, ESRF, and CHESS when they are operated in single bunch mode. It consists of three components: a slotted rotating disk which opens for 3.28 μs every 2 ms, a fast magnetic shutter which can open and close in less than 1.5 ms, and dedicated electronics which can predict when the arrival of the x-rays from the storage ring and the opening of the rotating disk will coincide. When this occurs, the electronics open the magnetic shutter, allowing the x-ray pulse through, and generates a trigger signal with an adjustable delay of up to 2 ms with an accuracy of 10 ns or better before the arrival of the x-ray pulse. This system has been tested at both the CESR and the ESRF storage rings where it has been used to collect Laue data from three crystals: a small organic molecule and two forms of the protein lysozyme. We present results from these tests and discuss their implications for future experiments. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145829
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing of submicrometer fluorescence microprobe based on Bragg–Fresnel crystal optics at the ESRF : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1461-1463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An x-ray fluorescence microprobe with circular Bragg–Fresnel lens was tested at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Microfocus beamline. A focal spot of 0.7 μm was observed using the knife-edge technique at the energy 7.6 keV (wavelength 1.6 A(ring)). The intensity in the focal spot was measured to 108 ph/s in energy bandwidth of 10−5. The fluorescence microprobe was applied for mapping 100 μm size micrometeorite at 13.5 keV. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145941
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical monitoring of protein crystals in time-resolved x-ray experiments: Microspectrophotometer design and performance (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1506-1511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a single crystal microspectrophotometer for optical monitoring of protein crystals during time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments. It is a single beam device with a diode array detector for simultaneous multiwavelength measurement of optical spectra. The time resolution of the microspectrophotometer is 2.5 ms, which matches the ms time resolution of the x-ray experiments obtained at existing synchrotron sources. Optical densities of single crystals can be reliably measured up to 2.5 OD, with the linear range extending to 2 OD. The tight focusing of the light beam allows monitoring of crystals as small as 30–50 μm, an important feature since successful reaction initiation and optical monitoring of crystals in time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments often require very small crystals. The compact design of the microspectrophotometer and the long objective-to-crystal distance make it compatible with the crowded environment of time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144883
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soft laser sputtering of GaAs semiconductor (100) surface (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 3411-3422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the soft laser sputtering of (100)GaAs with 337 nm photons, starting from the threshold for particle emission (a few tens of mJ/cm2) to some 300 mJ/cm2 fluences. Atoms and molecules sputtered from the irradiated surface are detected, their relative number measured, and their time of flight determined using laser resonant ionization mass spectrometry. The surface after laser irradiation is examined by scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis.One observes a significant preferential emission of arsenic in the form of As2. This leads to the formation of perturbed Ga-rich surface structure which appears even at low fluence and after a few tens of laser shots on the same spot. This initial transformation seems to determine the further evolution of the irradiated surface. First, Ga atoms aggregate to form Ga islands on the surface; after a sufficient number of shots, micrometric structures are produced which finally behave as pure Ga metal. This evolution of the surface state after multipulse irradiation appears practically the same for low and medium laser fluences, the only difference being in the number of shots required to obtain the same microscopic structure. The velocity distribution of Ga atoms and As2 molecules is well fitted by half-space Maxwellian distributions. The kinetic temperatures are in broad agreement with the results obtained from a model of laser heating of the surface. The gross features of the experimental results can be interpreted from the particular thermodynamics properties of GaAs which exhibits very large As2 pressure above the solid as soon as the temperature exceeds 950 K. After a few laser shots, corresponding to particle emission from defect sites, the thermodynamics of GaAs appears to govern the further evolution of the laser-sputtered surface. Two sputtering regimes are evidenced: In the low-fluence regime (from threshold to 90 mJ/cm2) sputtering appears to be dominated by surface defect emission, whereas for higher fluences emission is more characteristic of thermal process accompanied by preferential sputtering of arsenide. According to these experimental results, a simple analytical model was developed which relates the quantitative surface to the quantitative sputtered cloud compositions. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359970
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