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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of WNx films and WNx/GaAs Schottky diodes prepared by ion beam assisted deposition technique (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 1134-1136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low energy ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of refractory tungsten nitride films onto GaAs is attempted for the first time. This ion beam technique provides lower process pressure, and less ion damage to substrates and films than conventional reactive sputter deposition. Schottky diode characteristics of W/ and WNx/GaAs and their thermal stability were investigated by capping the refractory films with SiO2 films and subsequent annealing at 700–900 °C for 30 min. While both tungsten and tungsten nitride contacts were stable up to 850 °C, the tungsten nitride contact showed better thermal stability and higher Schottky barrier height. The Schottky barrier heights of W/ and WN0.27/GaAs diodes annealed at 850 °C were 0.71 and 0.84 eV, respectively. These preliminary results are comparable to those of the best results reported with the conventional sputtering methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345759
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scallop formation and dissolution of Cu–Sn intermetallic compound during solder reflow (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3312-3317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In an effort to elucidate the mechanism of scallop formation during reflow of solder/Cu joints in flip-chip and ball-grid array technologies, a planar intermetallic compound layer (mostly Cu6Sn5) was initially formed by solid-state annealing of SnPb/Cu joints at 150 °C for ten days. Upon subsequent reflow, dissolution of the intermetallics and formation of scallops were observed. Detailed investigation has indicated that a thermal grooving process due to dissolution of the intermetallic compound during the initial reflow cycles contributes to the formation of scalloped structures, the morphology of which is dictated by the force equilibrium condition. Upon subjecting the solder joints to several reflows, the average intermetallic layer thickness was found to first decrease and then increase, which is shown to be in good agreement with the prediction made by a model based on simultaneous dissolution and growth of the intermetallic compound during reflow. The kinetics of dissolution-growth process during reflow has also been shown to depend on the initial intermetallic thickness and the shape of the solder cap. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1445283
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negative differential resistance in scanning-tunneling spectroscopy of diamond films (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 1231-1233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Heavily boron-doped diamond film surfaces were investigated using ultra high-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy. Negative differential resistance (NDR) was observed in the I–V curves measured from the diamond facets using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. NDR peaks with a peak-to-valley ratio as high as 90 were observed in about half of the I–V curves measured at room temperature. The NDR phenomenon is attributed to the existence of localized electron states on the diamond film surfaces. The I–V curves obtained at the diamond grain boundaries showed the characteristics of the graphite phase, while those acquired from the grain facets manifested obvious rectification in accordance with the wide band gap of diamond. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1448168
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning tunneling microscopic study of boron-doped silicon nanowires (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 2468-2470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements have been performed on boron-doped and undoped silicon nanowires (SiNWs). STM images clearly showed the presence of nanoparticle chains and nanowires in the B-doped SiNWs sample. Clear and regular nanoscale domains were observed on the SiNW surface, which were attributed to boron-induced surface reconstruction. STS measurements have provided current–voltage curves for SiNWs, which showed clearly enhancement in electrical conductivity by boron doping. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1409276
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen depletion during oxidation in N2O (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 374-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The incorporation of nitrogen in oxides has been studied after furnace oxidation in N2O at 900 °C. We observe that nitrogen is removed from the oxide bulk during oxidation in N2O, while simultaneously nitrogen is incorporated at the growing Si–SiO2 interface. This results suggests that nitrogen incorporation involves a dynamic equilibrium between competing processes which causes both nitrogen incorporation and depletion. A chemical model for nitrogen removal is proposed based on a reaction with NO. Reaction energies, estimated from semiempirical quantum-mechanical calculations, support the proposed model. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114633
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  • 6
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    Non-axisymmetric equilibrium reconstruction of a current-carrying stellarator using external magnetic and soft x-ray inversion radius measurements (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-24
    Description: Non-axisymmetric free-boundary equilibrium reconstructions of stellarator plasmas are performed for discharges in which the magnetic configuration is strongly modified by ohmically driven plasma current. These studies were performed on the compact toroidal hybrid device using the V3FIT reconstruction code with a set of 50 magnetic diagnostics external to the plasma. With the assumption of closed magnetic flux surfaces, the reconstructions using external magnetic measurements allow accurate estimates of the net toroidal flux within the last closed flux surface, the edge safety factor, and the plasma shape of these highly non-axisymmetric plasmas. The inversion radius of standard sawteeth is used to infer the current profile near the magnetic axis; with external magnetic diagnostics alone, the current density profile is imprecisely reconstructed.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    “Treasure maps” for magnetic high-entropy-alloys from theory and experiment (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-07
    Description: The critical temperature and saturation magnetization for four- and five-component FCC transition metal alloys are predicted using a formalism that combines density functional theory and a magnetic mean-field model. Our theoretical results are in excellent agreement with experimental data presented in both this work and in the literature. The generality and power of this approach allow us to computationally design alloys with well-defined magnetic properties. Among other alloys, the method is applied to CoCrFeNiPd alloys, which have attracted attention recently for potential magnetic applications. The computational framework is able to predict the experimentally measured T C and to explore the dominant mechanisms for alloying trends with Pd. A wide range of ferromagnetic properties and Curie temperatures near room temperature in hitherto unexplored alloys is predicted in which Pd is replaced in varying degrees by, e.g., Ag, Au, and Cu.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    Pure and aerated water entry of a flat plate (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-26
    Description: This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the entry of a rigid square flat plate into pure and aerated water. Attention is focused on the measurement and calculation of the slamming loads on the plate. The experimental study was carried out in the ocean basin at Plymouth University’s COAST laboratory. The present numerical approach extends a two-dimensional hydro-code to compute three-dimensional hydrodynamic impact problems. The impact loads on the structure computed by the numerical model compare well with laboratory measurements. It is revealed that the impact loading consists of distinctive features including (1) shock loading with a high pressure peak, (2) fluid expansion loading associated with very low sub-atmospheric pressure close to the saturated vapour pressure, and (3) less severe secondary reloading with super-atmospheric pressure. It is also disclosed that aeration introduced into water can effectively reduce local pressures and total forces on the flat plate. The peak impact loading on the plate can be reduced by half or even more with 1.6% aeration in water. At the same time, the lifespan of shock loading is prolonged by aeration, and the variation of impulse is less sensitive to the change of aeration than the peak loading.
    Print ISSN: 1070-6631
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7666
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 9
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    Experimental investigation on a pulsating heat pipe with hydrogen (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: The pulsating heat pipe (PHP) has been increasingly studied in cryogenic application, for its high transfer coefficient and quick response. Compared with Nb 3 Sn and NbTi, MgB 2 whose critical transformation temperature is 39 K, is expected to replace some high-temperature superconducting materials at 25 K. In order to cool MgB 2 , this paper designs a Hydrogen Pulsating Heat Pipe, which allows a study of applied heat, filling ratio, turn number, inclination angle and length of adiabatic section on the thermal performance of the PHP. The thermal performance of the hydrogen PHP is investigated for filling ratios of 35%, 51%, 70% at different heat inputs, and provides information regarding the starting process is received at three filling ratios.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 10
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    Effect of graphene on photoluminescence properties of graphene/GeSi quantum dot hybrid structures (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-16
    Description: Graphene has been discovered to have two effects on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of graphene/GeSi quantum dot (QD) hybrid structures, which were formed by covering monolayer graphene sheet on the multilayer ordered GeSi QDs sample surfaces. At the excitation of 488 nm laser line, the hybrid structure had a reduced PL intensity, while at the excitation of 325 nm, it had an enhanced PL intensity. The attenuation in PL intensity can be attributed to the transferring of electrons from the conducting band of GeSi QDs to the graphene sheet. The electron transfer mechanism was confirmed by the time resolved PL measurements. For the PL enhancement, a mechanism called surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) enhanced absorption mechanism is proposed, in which the excitation of SPP in the graphene is suggested. Due to the resonant excitation of SPP by incident light, the absorption of incident light is much enhanced at the surface region, thus leading to more exciton generation and a PL enhancement in the region. The results may be helpful to provide us a way to improve optical properties of low dimensional surface structures.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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