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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and magnetic moment of α″-Fe16N2 compound films: Effect of Co and H on phase formation (invited) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5564-5569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to determine the intrinsic value of magnetic moment, σs, of α″-Fe16N2 compound, the magnetic moment of (α″+α′)-Fe16N2 films is discussed in connection with the degree of N site ordering in nitrogen–martensite. To establish the more general relation between Fe–N martensite structure and σs, the Fe–N system is expanded to Fe–Co–N and Fe–H–N systems. As a result, it is found that (1) The existence of completely the same structure as bulk α″ phase was reconfirmed even in the film form by the precise structural analysis using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and Mössbauer analysis, (2) Fe–H martensite was synthesized by using sputtering under Ar+H2 atmosphere, (3) Stable formation of α″-(Fe100−XCoX)16N2 (X=10–30) phase through N site ordering by postannealing is proposed to be fairly difficult due to the sudden decrement of the phase decomposition temperature, Tp.d., of α′-(Fe100−XCoX)–N (X=0–30). Tp.d. of α′-(Fe100−XCoX)–N (X=0–30) phase decreases from 200 °C to RT with increasing Co and N contents, and (4) The intrinsic value of saturation magnetization of the α″-Fe16N2 phase is convinced to be no more than 240 emu/g (≈2.4 μB per Fe atom on average) at 300 K. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362244
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental study on the shear viscosity of solids (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 122-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Viscoelastic solids with high viscosity were experimentally studied with the intention of having them deformed under uniform shear stress. A kind of sandwich method was developed for applying a constant shear stress to a specimen, and its deformation was observed optically using heterodyne interferometry with a sensitivity of 10 nm in displacement measurement. Time-dependent deformation data were analyzed on the basis of a mechanical model of anelasticity plus viscosity. Viscosity in the range of 108–1014 Pa⋅s could be determined at temperatures of 20–200 °C. Through a simulation using the finite element method together with an experiment visualizing the deformation, the specimen deformation was shown to be of an almost uniform shear mode. Experiments were performed to determine the temperature dependence of viscosity for several kinds of glasses near their glass transition Tg, and the determined viscosity values were about 107 Pa⋅s at Tg. The viscosity values measured by a rotation disk viscometer were in good agreement with the present data. The viscosity of some glasses was also measured by the beam bending and penetration methods, and values of 109–1012 Pa⋅s at Tg were obtained. The large discrepancy between the two kinds of data was considered. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362767
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inorganic Nitrogen Metabolism (1958)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 12 (1958), S. 203-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.12.100158.001223
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetostriction in RE-Co amorphous alloy films (abstract) : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6769-6769 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rare earth-transition metal (RE-TM) amorphous films have been used as magneto-optical recording media. One of the most important properties is the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, the main origin of which is explained by one ion anisotropy of rare earth ion. However, it is also noted that the anisotropy contribution due to the magnetostriction depends in a very similar manner on the RE species as in the case of the main anisotropy. Thus it was suggested that the main origin of the magnetostriction might be the one ion anisotropy of RE. The present work reports the saturation magnetostriction constant λs of various RE-Co amorphous alloy films with RE=Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er in the range of RE concentration of 0%–40%. In most cases, λs increases with RE concentration, then decreases after showing a peak and disappears altogether with ferromagnetism. For an RE species with a small one ion anisotropy, λs is small with a value of less than 2×10−5, and is found to be contributed primarily from Co. For RE with larger one ion anisotropy, namely for RE=Sm, Pr, Tb, and Dy, λs has values of the order of 10−4 and is estimated to be contributed mainly from RE one ion anisotropy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356823
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of quenched Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films on SrTiO3 (100),(110) grown by organometallic chemical vapor deposition (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 1808-1809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A thin Y-Ba-Cu-O film was formed by the organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) method. The substrates used were (100) and (110) SrTiO3. After forming Y-Ba-Cu-O at 800 °C, it was cooled at a rate of 100 °C/min in O2 under 1 atm. This film was c-axis oriented, with its (001) surface grown in parallel to the (100) surface of SrTiO3 and Tc =88 K. The (110) surface of Y-Ba-Cu-O was grown in parallel to the substrate crystal and Tc =84 K on the (110) surface of SrTiO3. After forming, these films were quenched in air from 800 °C to room temperature. The change in resistance of the quenched sample with temperature was metallic, Tonset =75 K, and Tc =60 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101492
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the shear viscosity of several inorganic glasses (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The viscosities of metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, molybdate, and fluorophosphate glasses were measured under the shear deformation mode using a sandwich method from room temperature up to the glass transition temperature Tg. An optical method was used to measure the deformation under constant load as a function of time, and the results were analyzed using a mechanical model of anelasticity plus viscosity. In glasses containing long molecular chains, two relaxations appeared at lower and higher temperatures, while only one relaxation existed at higher temperatures in glasses without the chain. Both these relaxations were of the thermal activation type. A correlation between the frequency factor and the activation energy was found for the high temperature relaxation, and the values of the frequency factor were very large. Another apparatus, a rotation disk viscometer, was also used to measure the shear viscosity above Tg. The data obtained by the two experimental methods related to each other well, and the viscosity value at Tg was of the order of 108 Pa s. The viscosity was in the hydrodynamic regime at temperatures sufficiently above Tg, and in the hopping regime below a temperature near Tg. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368020
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic moment of α″-Fe16N2 films (invited) : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)−intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6642-6647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to determine the value of the intrinsic magnetic moment of the α ‘ phase, the films of nitrogen-martensite with various N content were fabricated under various reactive sputtering conditions. The magnetic moment of (α ‘+α')-Fe16N2 films is discussed in connection with the change of the unit-cell volume of the bct structure and the degree of N site ordering in nitrogen-martensite. As a result, it is found that (1) the same structure as bulk α ‘-Fe16N2 is realized in the present films, (2) the saturation magnetization σs of the α' phase increases about 4% with increasing unit-cell volume of the α' phase, (3) the degree of N site ordering from α' to α ‘-Fe16N2 does not much affect σs, and (4) the experimentally obtained maximum value of σs for the (α ‘+α')-Fe16N2 film was 232 emu/g. The intrinsic value of σs in the α ‘ phase (in the perfectly ordered state) is proposed to be no more than 240 emu/g at 300 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358431
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of plasma etching, carbon concentration, and buffer layer on the properties of a-Si:H/a-Si1−xCx:H multilayers (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 543-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Small angle x-ray diffraction was used to diagnose the structural properties of a-Si:H/a-Si1−xCx:H multilayers deposited by rf glow discharge. Precise deposition rates were obtained from the experimental data. Two growth parameters were varied: the methane concentration in the gaseous mixture and the intermediary plasma etching time between consecutive depositions. Some samples had an additional buffer layer between the substrate and the heterostructure. The sharpest interfaces were obtained on samples with the intermediate buffer layer, plasma etching times of at least 2 min, and diamond-like a-Si1−xCx:H layers. Profiling by Auger electron spectroscopy and small angle x-ray diffraction results were used to estimate the interface thickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355836
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microvoids in diamond-like amorphous silicon carbide (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 538-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The correlation between composition, microstructure, and optical properties of a-Si1−xCx:H thin films with different stoichiometries was established. The alloys were deposited by radio frequency glow discharge under "starving'' plasma conditions from mixtures of SiH4 and CH4. The samples were characterized by small angle x-ray scattering, ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectrometry, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The results showed the presence of microvoids with sizes between (approximately-equal-to)3 A(ring) and (approximately-equal-to)8 A(ring). The relative microvoid volume fraction displayed a maximum for x around 55 at. % and decreased for higher values of x. High carbon content alloys (x(approximately-equal-to)70 at. %) not only have a lower relative microvoid volume fraction, but show optical gaps as high as 3.7 eV, high resistivity, and very low refractive index, indicating the presence of a diamond-like C-C structure. These remarkable results are attributed to the deposition under "starving'' plasma conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355835
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferromagnetic resonance studies of Fe16N2 films with a giant magnetic moment : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6060-6062 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The g factor and 4π Ms for epitaxially grown Fe16N2(001)/In0.2Ga0.8As(001) films have been investigated by ferromagnetic resonance along with Fe films for comparison. Angular dependence of the resonance fields in the film plane of Fe16N2 films had four-fold symmetry, which was attributed to the in-plane anisotropy. The g factor for Fe16N2 films was about 2.0, which means that the magnetic moment originates mainly from spin. Thus, nothing unusual is seen about the g factor. The g factor for Fe films was about 2.1, which is very similar to the value reported previously. 4πMs values for Fe16N2 and Fe films were 2.8×104 and 2.1×104 G, respectively, which agree well with the previous data obtained by a vibrating sample magnetometer. This confirmed that Fe16N2 has a giant magnetic moment. Torque magnetometer measurements showed that Fe16N2 films have a larger perpendicular anisotropy of 7.8×106 erg/cm3, which can originate from its bct structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353469
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