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  • American Physical Society  (340)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (31)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Study of the oxidation of gold-tin preforms using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 5356-5361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: This study uses x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate the nature of the oxide formed on clean Au–Sn binary alloys (ζ and δ phases) and on preforms with the eutectic composition (29 at % Sn) at low O2 pressures (〈10−3 Torr) and at high O2 pressures (up to one atmosphere) at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 200 °C. Sn Auger parameters and XPS angular-resolved data were obtained in addition to the core binding energies to identify the oxide layer. The oxidation of the Au–Sn alloys is basically similar to the oxidation of metallic Sn. The Auger parameter indicates that with low-pressure oxidation a layered oxide structure is formed consisting of SnO and a slightly tin-rich oxide at the interface. Probably a thin skin of Sn(IV) oxide exists on the outer surface of the low-pressure oxide. High-temperature and low-pressure promotes the growth of SnO. As the pressure is increased the Sn(IV) oxide grows more noticeably and with high-pressure oxidation the Sn(IV) oxide grows thicker than the Sn(II) oxide at the interface. The Sn(II) oxide at the interface appears similar to the Sn(II) oxide structure formed at low pressure. The Auger parameter indicates that the Sn(IV) oxide possesses a structure different than that of Cassiterite. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359715
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synchrotron radiation studies of diamond nucleation and growth on Si (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 5481-5491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Valence-band as well as Si(2p) and C(1s) core-level photoemission, Auger, and near-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectroscopies were used to follow the surface chemistry associated with diamond film deposition with a filament-assisted chemical-vapor-deposition reactor on atomically clean and diamond polished Si(100) and Si(111) surfaces. Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were also used ex situ to characterize the deposited films. Within 3 min of deposition, a carbon-rich SiC layer, at least 13 A(ring) thick, was observed to develop. At early stages of growth (〈10 min of deposition), no differences were observed between the clean and diamond-polished surfaces. With additional deposition, a 20–30-A(ring)-thick amorphous carbon overlayer was deposited on the clean Si surfaces: The amorphous carbon layer did not promote diamond nucleation. Deposition of an a-C:H layer on top of the amorphous carbon layer also did not promote diamond nucleation. In contrast, ∼500 A(ring) diamond films were deposited within 45–60 min on the diamond-polished surfaces. Two types of nuclei were observed following 20 min of deposition by atomic force microscopy: (1) large (200–300 nm in diameter) nuclei, randomly distributed on the surface; and (2) smaller (50–100 nm) nuclei that show a preference for forming along the scratches. Atomic force micrographs of the originally clean surface show the formation of sharp relief structures on the surface. These structures, combined with the amorphous carbon overlayer, may be responsible for the few sites that do nucleate diamond on unpolished Si surfaces.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357166
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Current status of the Synchrotron Radiation Center : Papers from the 12th National Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation Conference (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1677-1679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: The Synchrotron Radiation Center operates the Aladdin electron storage ring at energies of 800 meV or 1 GeV in support of a broad range of national and international research programs with a major focus on the study of valence electrons, spectromicroscopy, and nanolithography. Upgrades to the storage ring have improved the stability of the source, and experiments with low emittance lattice configurations show the feasibility of increased brightness for new or enhanced research. Three recently installed undulators, two pure permanent magnet devices and an electromagnetic device, and the associated instrumentation offer experimentalists high flux combined with high resolution. The status of the existing instrumentation, recent scientific results, and an overview of plans for new undulator-based instruments to cover the photon energy range from 7.8 to 400+ eV will be presented. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1425390
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An out-of-plane detector for surface x-ray diffraction (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 2658-2659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: An out-of-plane detector movement has been built for the detector arm of the surface x-ray diffractometer on the wiggler beam line 9.4 on the synchrotron radiation source at Daresbury Lab. For a relative small cost, it significantly increases the volume of reciprocal space that can be accessed with a corresponding improvement in the accuracy of the determination of the interatomic spacings. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147188
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A flexible data acquisition system for timing pulsars (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 3551-3555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: We describe a flexible, inexpensive data acquisition system built for high-precision timing observations of pulsars. The system is designed to interface with a wide variety of radio telescope receiver back ends; it permits standardized measurement techniques and data formats in work carried out at a number of different observatories. Copies of the basic "Mark III'' system are now in regular use at the Arecibo Observatory, Green Bank, and the Very Large Array. We describe the specifications, hardware, and software implementation of the system, and briefly outline some of its current applications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143763
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Liquid helium cooled sample holder assembly for surface x-ray diffraction (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 3256-3257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A cryogenically cooled sample holder and support assembly has been constructed for surface x-ray diffraction studies in ultrahigh vacuum. The design combines ease of sample replacement in situ with good mechanical stability and temperature control. This is achieved by locating a rectangular pin on the sample holder in a collet which can be closed from outside the vacuum chamber. Samples up to 10 mm square can be held at a constant temperature between 40 and 1300 K. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148283
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Magnetic granular Fe-(SiO2) solids (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3311-3313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have synthesized a series of granular Fe-SiO2 solids consisting of Fe metal granules of nanometer sizes embedded in an insulating SiO2 matrix. The ultrafine microstructures, revealed by TEM, are achieved by using a high-rate magnetron sputtering system. The magnetic properties of such solids are determined by the granular size and the metal volume fraction. Below the percolation threshold, isolated single-domain particles having large magnetic coercivity in the blocked state exhibit superparamagnetic relaxation, which has been studied by using SQUID magnetometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Above the percolation threshold, magnetic coercivity drops dramatically and the magnetic properties approach that of pure Fe. The anisotropy energy of the magnetic granules, much larger than that due to magnetocrystalline anisotropy, has been determined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338892
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Resistive wall modes and nonuniform wall rotation (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 4062-4072 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The resistive wall mode (RWM) poses a threat to many plasma confinement devices. The continuous rotation of the wall relative to the plasma makes it appear perfectly conducting, because of the skin effect, but this is ineffective if the perturbation locks to the wall. This raises the question of whether a nonuniformly rotating wall is more effective. In this paper we discuss the effect of such nonuniform wall rotation, in both the toroidal and poloidal directions, on resonant and nonresonant RWMs. In the case of toroidal rotation it is shown that at large wall velocity both the resonant and nonresonant RWMs are stabilized, even though the nonresonant mode rotates with the maximum wall velocity. In the case of poloidal rotation RWMs do not lock to the wall and have a complicated behavior at intermediate velocities. However they are again stabilized by large wall velocity. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1388035
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relaxation revisited : The 41st annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 1623-1629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Relaxation is the result of turbulence in a plasma that behaves essentially as an ideal conducting fluid, but has a small resistivity and viscosity. These small effects are locally enhanced by the turbulence and lead to reconnection of magnetic field lines. This destroys an infinity of topological constraints, leaving only the total magnetic helicity as a valid invariant. The plasma therefore rapidly reaches a specific state of minimum energy. This minimum energy "relaxed state" can be calculated from first principles and has many striking features. These depend on the topology of the system. They include spontaneous field reversal, symmetry-breaking and current limitation in toroidal pinches, and flux generation and flux amplification in Spheromaks. In addition the relaxed states can be controlled and maintained by injection of helicity from an external circuit. These features, and the profiles of the relaxed states themselves, have been verified in many laboratory experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873984
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of continuous spectrum on ballooning instabilities in plasmas with shear-flow (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 2425-2429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The influence of shear-flow on stability of plasma ballooning modes is important for Tokamak experiments. In a static plasma, the growth rate of ballooning modes is readily determined using the "ballooning transformation," but this is ineffective for plasmas with flow. One then has only the quasi-static approximation. This gives the growth rate in the limit that shear velocity Ω′→0, but no other information on the effect of shear-flow. Furthermore, it is invalid in typical cases because of the intervention of the stable magnetohydrodynamic continuum. In this paper, a simple model is used to investigate the influence of shear-flow on ballooning modes. This shows that the intervention of the continuum leads to a reduction in the growth rate proportional to |Ω′| for small Ω′. This is in accord with some numerical simulations—but contrary to the (Ω′)2 variation expected from a perturbation expansion. In fact, since the effect is nonanalytic in Ω′, it cannot be obtained from a perturbation expansion in Ω′ and an alternative formalism is first developed for dealing with this problem. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873514
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